correlational research topics for high school students

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130+ Correlational Research Topics: Great Ideas For Students

The correlational research example title you decide to write will determine the uniqueness of your research paper. Choose a well-thought title that brings out the best of your expertise. Are you confused about which topic suits you? This article will let you know the best correlational research topics for students.

What is Correlation Research?

Correlational research involves looking at the affiliation between two or more study variables. The results of the study will have either a positive, negative, or zero correlation. More so, the research can either be quantitative or qualitative.

Now that you have the answer to “what are correlational studies,” we’ll focus on the various example topics students can use to write excellent papers.

Correlational Research Titles Examples for Highschool Students

Correlation topic examples for stem students, correlational research examples in education, correlational research questions in nursing, examples of correlational research topics in technology, correlational quantitative research topic examples in economics, correlational research topics in psychology, correlational research titles about business, correlational research sample title examples for statistics essays, correlational research examples for sociology research papers.

If you want your high school correlational research paper to stand out, go for creative and fun titles. Get a correlation research example below.

• How can you relate bullying and academic performance?
• Study habits vs academic grades
• Evaluating the link between student success and parents’ involvement
• Discuss test scores and study time
• Physical and mental health: The correlation
• Nutrition and study concentration
• The connection between good results and video games
• Clarifying the relationship between personality traits and subject preference
• The relationship between study time and poor grades
• The correlation between trainers’ support and students’ mental health
• The association between school bullying and absenteeism
• The effects of academic degrees on students’ career development
• Is there a correlation between teaching styles and students’ learning ability

These research topics for STEM students are game-changers. However, try any of the titles below regarding correlation in research.

The connection between:

• Food and drug efficacy
• Exercise and sleep
• Sleep patterns and heart rate
• Weather seasons and body immunity
• Wind speed and energy supply
• Rainfall extent and crop yields
• Respiratory health and air pollution
• Carbon emissions and global warming
• Stress and mental health
• Bridge capacity and preferred design
• Building quality and insulation capability
• Fuel efficiency and vehicle weight
• 19 th and 20 th Century approaches to stem subjects

As you learn more about the thesis statement about social media , keep a keen eye on each example of the correlational research paper we list below.

• The correlation between parental guidance and career decision
• Differences between student grades and career choice
• Teachers’ qualifications and students’ success in class
• The connection between teachers’ age and students’ performance
• Clarifying students’ workload and subject choice
• The link between teachers’ morale and students’ grades
• Discuss school location and performance metrics
• Clarifying the relationship between school curriculum and performance
• Relating school programs to students’ absenteeism
• Academic success vs teachers’ gender
• The association between parental income and school selection
• The effects of many subjects on students’ career choice
• The relationship between school grading and dropout rates

In addition to biochemistry topics and anatomy research paper topics , it also helps to know correlational research topics in nursing. Some of them include the following:

• Is there a relationship between sleep quality and post-surgery management?
• Is there a correlation between patient healing and the choice of drugs?
• Is there a link between physical activity levels and depression?
• Is there an association between nurse-patient communication and patient recovery?
• What is the correlation between age and child mortality in mothers?
• Is there a correlation between patient education and prompt recovery?
• What is the correlation between spirituality and the use of drugs?
• What is the link between patient adherence to drugs and age?
• What is the correlation between routine nursing and back pain?
• Is there a correlation between chemotherapy and fatigue?
• Is there a relationship between age and cholesterol levels?
• Is there a relationship between blood pressure and sleep disturbances?
• What is the link between drug use and organ failure?

A technology research-oriented paper should show your prowess in any area you tackle. Pick any example of a correlational research question from the list below for your research.

• Is there a relationship between screen time and eye strain?
• What is the link between video games and IQ levels?
• Is there a correlation between loneliness and tech dependence?
• What is the link between wireless technology and infertilities
• Is there a relationship between smartphone usage and sleep quality?
• Is there a correlation between academic performance and technology exposure?
• Is there a relationship between technology and physical activity levels?
• What is the correlation between self-esteem and technology?
• What is the link between technology and memory sharpness?
• What is the correlation between screen time and headaches?
• Is there a correlation between technology and anxiety?
• Is there a link between a sedentary lifestyle and technology?
• What is the correlation between tech dependence and communication skills?

The best example of correlational design in quantitative research will help you kickstart your research paper. In your paper, focus on discussing the relationship between the following:

• Inflation and unemployment rates
• Financial liberation and foreign aid
• Trade policies and foreign investors
• Income and nation’s well being
• Salary levels and education levels
• Urbanization and economic progress
• Economy growth rate and national budget
• Marital status and employed population
• Early retirements and the country’s growth
• Energy prices and economic growth
• Employee satisfaction and job retention
• Small-scale businesses and exploitative loans
• Educated population and nation’s economic levels

Depending on the preferred correlation method in research, your paper approach will vary. As you look at these social issues research topics , psychology correlational topics also come in handy.

Discuss the link between the following in your paper:

• Racism and population size
• Propaganda and marketing
• Cults and social class
• Bullying and skin color
• Child abuse and marriages
• Aging and hormones
• Leadership and communication
• Depression and discrimination
• Cognitive behavior therapy and age
• Eating disorders and genetics
• Attention and kids’ gender
• Speech disorder and tech dependence
• Perception and someone’s age

Business and economics research paper topics vary, but you should always go for the best. Here are some ideal topics for your correlation research paper in business.

Assess the link between:

• Remote employees and business growth
• Business ethic laws and productivity
• Language and business growth
• Foreign investments and cultural differences
• Monopoly and businesses closure
• Cultural practices and business survival
• Customer behaviors and products choice
• Advertising and business innovations
• Labor laws and taxation
• Technology and business trends
• Tourism and local economies
• Business sanctions and currency value
• Immigration and unemployment

You’ve probably encountered social media research topics and wondered whether you could get some focusing on statistics. Below examples will get you sorted.

Clarifying the relationship between:

• Rent costs and population
• COVID-19 vaccination and health budget
• Technology and data sample collection
• Education costs and income
• Education levels and job satisfaction
• Local trade volumes and dollar exchange rates
• Loans and small businesses’ growth rate
• Online and offline surveys
• Wage analysis and employee age
• National savings and employment rates
• Poverty and income inequality
• Trade and economic growth
• Interest rates and consumer borrowing behavior trends

In sociology, there are so many argumentative essay topics to write about. But when it comes to correlational topics, many students have a problem.

Write a sociology correlational research paper focusing on the association between:

• Social media and kids’ behaviors in school
• Food culture and modern lifestyle diseases
• Health equity and deaths
• Gender stereotypes and unemployment
• Women’s behaviors and mainstream media programs
• Age differences and abusive marriages
• Children’s obesity and social class
• Infertility and mental health among couples
• Bullying and past violence encounters in kids
• Genetically modified foods and lifestyle diseases
• Religious education and improving technology
• Social media and modern friendships
• Divorce and children education

Let’s now help you write your research paper on time. Whether it’s on sociology, economics, nursing or any other course, we are here for you. Our expert writers offer the best help on correlational research paper writing .

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Top 150+ Correlational Research Topics For Students [2024]

Correlational research looks at how two or more things relate without saying one causes the other. It tries to find patterns and connections between different things to see how changes in one might be connected to changes in another.

In education, correlational studies are super important because they help us understand how different factors affect how well students learn. Whether looking at teaching methods or considering students’ backgrounds, correlational research helps teachers determine how to help students do better in school.

Our blog is here to give students interesting correlational research topics. We want to make it easy for students to find ideas and get excited about doing research. 

We aim to get you thinking and curious about how things are connected so you can learn more about them.

What is Correlation? An Introduction

Table of Contents

Correlation is defined as how two variables change simultaneously. It helps us comprehend their relationship. 

When two variables are correlated, changes in one tend to be associated with changes in the other, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that one causes the other. 

Correlation can be positive, meaning both variables move in the same direction, or negative, where they move in opposite directions. 

Understanding correlation is crucial in various fields like science, economics, and social sciences, as it allows us to identify patterns, make predictions, and better comprehend the complexities of the world around us.

Also Read: “ Top 151+ Quantitative Research Topics for ABM Students “.

Benefits of Correlational Research Topics For Students

Correlational research topics offer numerous benefits for students, allowing them to explore relationships between variables and understand the complexity of real-world phenomena. Here are several benefits of correlational research topics for students:

Enhances critical thinking skills

Engaging in correlational research encourages students to analyze data, draw conclusions, and evaluate the relationships between variables, fostering critical thinking abilities.

Provides real-world application

Correlational research topics often relate to everyday phenomena, allowing students to apply theoretical concepts to practical situations promoting a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Fosters research skills

Conducting correlational studies equips students with valuable research skills, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation, essential for academic and professional success.

Stimulates curiosity and creativity

Exploring correlational research topics ignites curiosity and creativity, inspiring students to explore new ideas, generate hypotheses, and develop innovative solutions to complex problems.

Prepares for future academic pursuits

Engaging in correlational research prepares students for future academic endeavors by honing their research abilities and preparing them for more advanced research projects at higher levels of education.

List of Interesting Correlational Research Topics For Students

Here’s a list of interesting correlational research topics for students across various disciplines:

• The correlation between teacher enthusiasm and student engagement.
• The relationship between parental involvement and student academic performance.
• Correlating study habits with GPA in high school students.
• The impact of class size on student achievement.
• Relationship between technology use and learning outcomes.
• Correlation between sleep quality and academic success in college students.
• The correlation between extracurricular activity and academic achievement.
• Correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement.
• The influence of school climate on student behavior and achievement.
• Relationship between student-teacher rapport and academic success.

Health and Wellness

• Correlation between exercise frequency and mental health.
• Relationship between diet and stress levels in college students.
• The impact of social support on overall health.
• Correlating screen time with sleep quality in adolescents.
• The relationship between mindfulness practices and emotional well-being.
• Correlation between access to green spaces and physical activity levels.
• The influence of peer pressure on health-related behaviors.
• Relationship between music preference and stress reduction.
• The correlation between pet ownership and mental health.
• The relationship between outdoor recreation and overall wellness.

Social Sciences

• Correlation between socioeconomic status and academic achievement.
• The link between social media usage and self-esteem.
• The impact of family structure on social behavior.
• Correlation between political ideology and charitable giving.
• Relationship between cultural background and communication styles.
• The influence of peer group on academic motivation.
• Correlation between media consumption and attitudes towards diversity.
• Relationship between personality traits and career success.
• The impact of community involvement on civic engagement.
• Correlation between volunteering and life satisfaction.

Technology and Society

• The relationship between smartphone use and attention span.
• Correlation between video game usage and problem-solving skills.
• The influence of social media on interpersonal relationships.
• Relationship between Internet usage and academic performance.
• Correlation between online shopping habits and financial literacy.
• The impact of digital literacy on job opportunities.
• Relationship between virtual reality exposure and empathy levels.
• Correlation between social networking and political engagement.
• The relationship between technology use and environmental awareness.
• Correlation between online activism and real-world action.

Economics and Finance

• The relationship between household income and savings behavior.
• Correlation between education level and earning potential.
• The impact of inflation on consumer spending habits.
• Relationship between stock market performance and consumer confidence.
• Correlation between financial literacy and debt management.
• The influence of advertising on consumer purchasing decisions.
• Relationship between economic growth and unemployment rates.
• Correlation between housing prices and neighborhood demographics.
• The relationship between government spending and economic growth.
• Correlation between education funding and student outcomes.

Environmental Studies

• The relationship between air pollution and respiratory health.
• Correlation between waste management practices and environmental sustainability.
• The impact of deforestation on biodiversity.
• Relationship between climate change awareness and pro-environmental behaviors.
• Correlation between water quality and public health.
• The influence of renewable energy adoption on greenhouse gas emissions.
• Relationship between urbanization and wildlife habitat loss.
• Correlation between environmental regulations and industry practices.
• The relationship between sustainable agriculture and food security.
• Correlation between green infrastructure and urban heat island effect.
• The link between childhood trauma and adult mental health.
• Correlation between personality type and career choice.
• The effects of early attachment types on romantic relationships.
• Relationship between parental discipline strategies and child behavior.
• Correlation between introversion/extroversion and social networking.
• The effect of peer pressure on risk-taking behavior.
• The link between body image and social media use.
• Correlation between anxiety levels and academic performance.
• The relationship between self-esteem and relationship satisfaction.
• Correlation between happiness levels and gratitude practices.

Criminal Justice

• The association between childhood trauma and adult mental health.
• Correlation between access to education and recidivism rates.
• The impact of community policing on crime prevention.
• Relationship between substance abuse and criminal behavior.
• Correlation between gun control laws and violent crime rates.
• The influence of media portrayal on perceptions of crime.
• Relationship between juvenile delinquency and family dynamics.
• Correlation between sentencing disparities and race.
• The relationship between policing tactics and public trust.
• Correlation between restorative justice programs and rehabilitation rates.

Business and Management

• The relationship between employee satisfaction and productivity.
• Correlation between leadership style and team performance.
• The impact of workplace diversity on organizational success.
• The link between staff training programs and work happiness.
• Correlation between customer satisfaction and repeat business.
• The impact of company culture on employee turnover.
• Relationship between ethical business practices and consumer trust.
• Correlation between innovation and market competitiveness.
• The relationship between employee engagement and company profitability.
• Correlation between marketing strategies and brand loyalty.

Media and Communication

• The link between media consumption and political polarization.
• Correlation between advertising exposure and consumer behavior.
• The influence of media depiction on body image.
• Relationship between news consumption and knowledge of current events.
• Correlation between social media usage and interpersonal communication skills.
• The influence of celebrity endorsements on brand perception.
• Relationship between media violence exposure and aggression levels.
• Correlation between news bias and public opinion.
• The link between media literacy and critical thinking abilities.
• Correlation between reality television consumption and social attitudes.

Culture and Society

• The relationship between cultural diversity and creativity.
• Correlation between cultural heritage preservation and community identity.
• The impact of globalization on cultural values.
• Relationship between language diversity and social cohesion.
• Correlation between cultural norms and attitudes towards gender roles.
• Communication styles are influenced by cultural background.
• Relationship between cultural assimilation and mental health.
• Correlation between cultural festivals and community bonding.
• The relationship between cultural stereotypes and prejudice.
• Correlation between cultural adaptation and immigrant integration.

Sports and Recreation

• The relationship between sports participation and academic achievement.
• Correlation between exercise frequency and stress reduction.
• The impact of sports team success on school spirit.
• Relationship between youth sports involvement and leadership skills.
• Correlation between sports fandom and social connections.
• The influence of sports participation on self-esteem.
• Relationship between sportsmanship and moral development.
• Correlation between coaching style and athlete motivation.
• The relationship between sports injuries and long-term health outcomes.
• Correlation between sports specialization and athletic performance.

Science and Technology

• The relationship between science education and technological innovation.
• Correlation between technology use and environmental impact.
• The impact of science literacy on public policy attitudes.
• Relationship between STEM education and career opportunities.
• Correlation between scientific research funding and breakthrough discoveries.
• The influence of technology on scientific research methodologies.
• Relationship between science communication and public understanding.
• Correlation between technological advancements and quality of life.
• The relationship between science engagement and environmental conservation efforts.
• Correlation between technology adoption and societal changes.

Language and Linguistics

• The relationship between bilingualism and cognitive development.
• Correlation between language proficiency and academic success.
• The impact of language diversity on social integration.
• Relationship between language acquisition and brain development.
• Correlation between language use and cultural preservation.
• The influence of language barriers on access to healthcare.
• Relationship between language learning strategies and proficiency levels.
• Correlation between language policies and educational outcomes.
• The relationship between language evolution and societal change.
• Correlation between language dialects and regional identities.

Travel and Tourism

• The relationship between travel experiences and cultural awareness.
• Correlation between tourism development and economic growth.
• The impact of travel restrictions on tourism industries.
• Relationship between destination marketing and tourist arrivals.
• Correlation between travel preferences and personality traits.
• The influence of travel experiences on personal growth.
• Relationship between travel safety perceptions and tourist behavior.
• Correlation between travel motivations and destination choices.
• The relationship between travel blogging and destination popularity.
• Correlation between travel trends and environmental sustainability.
• The relationship between public transportation accessibility and urban development .

These topics offer students various possibilities for conducting correlational research across various domains, allowing them to explore meaningful relationships between different variables and contribute to existing knowledge.

Tips for Conducting Correlational Research

Conducting correlational research requires careful planning, attention to detail, and adherence to established research methodologies . Here are some tips to help students conduct correlational research effectively:

1. Clearly define variables

Identify the variables you want to study and ensure they are measurable and relevant to your research question.

2. Choose appropriate measures

Select reliable and valid measures for each variable to capture the data accurately.

3. Collect sufficient data

Ensure your sample size is large enough to detect meaningful correlations and consider diverse populations if applicable.

4. Use appropriate statistical analysis

Employ statistical techniques like the Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze the relationship between variables.

5. Consider potential confounding variables

Be aware of other factors that may influence the correlation and control for them if possible.

6. Interpret results cautiously

Remember that correlation does not imply causation; consider alternative explanations for observed relationships.

7. Communicate findings effectively

Present your results clearly and accurately, including any limitations or caveats in your interpretations.

Correlational research topics offer invaluable insights into the intricate relationships between variables across diverse fields. 

Researchers can uncover patterns, make predictions, and deepen our understanding of complex phenomena by exploring correlations. While correlational studies do not establish causation, they provide a foundational framework for further investigation and practical applications.

Through meticulous analysis and interpretation, correlational research contributes to advancements in education, health, social sciences, and beyond. 

As we continue to explore the interconnectedness of variables, correlational research remains a powerful tool for unraveling the mysteries of the world around us and driving progress in various fields.

What is the difference between correlational research and experimental research?

Correlational research examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them, while experimental research involves manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships. Experimental research allows for stronger causal inferences compared to correlational research.

What are some strengths and weaknesses of correlational research? 

Strengths include being relatively inexpensive and efficient and avoiding manipulation, which might be unethical. Weaknesses include not establishing causality and being susceptible to confounding variables.

Can correlational research establish causation between variables?

No, correlational research cannot establish causation between variables. While it can identify relationships and associations, it does not manipulate variables to determine cause-and-effect, making it unable to establish causal relationships definitively.

What are some common pitfalls to avoid when conducting correlational research?

Common pitfalls in correlational research include mistaking correlation for causation, failing to control for confounding variables, relying on small or biased samples, and neglecting to consider the directionality or third-variable explanations for observed correlations.

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120+ Great Correlational Research Topics For Students In 2024

Want to know the best correlational research topics for students? Ever wondered about the connections between things? That’s what correlation research is all about! In this article, we’ll dive into correlation research topics for students, explaining and offering a big list of interesting topics. Whether you’re a high school student starting a science project or a college student looking for a thesis idea, there’s something here for everyone.

Also Like To Read: Business Research Topics for College Students

Table of Contents

What Is Correlational Research?

Correlation research is about exploring connections between different things. It helps determine if changes in one thing are linked to changes in another. But remember, just because things are linked doesn’t mean one causes the other. It’s like finding patterns without saying one thing makes the other happen.

How To Choose Great Correlational Research Topics For Students

Picking the right topic is crucial for a good study. Here are some tips:

• Pick What Interests You:  Choose topics that you find interesting. It makes studying more enjoyable.
• Look Around:  Think about things happening around you or in the news. What’s interesting or important?
• Read Some Studies:  Check out what others have studied. Is there something missing or not clear? That could be your topic.
• Brainstorm Ideas:  Make a list of ideas. Big ideas and small ideas – anything that comes to mind.

List of Interesting Correlational Research Topics For Students

Now, let’s explore a variety of topics you can dig into across different areas:

Cool Correlational Research Topics For High School Students

• How does bullying relate to academic performance?
• Do good study habits connect to better grades?
• Exploring the link between student success and parents’ involvement.
• Discussing test scores and study time.
• Understanding the correlation between physical and mental health.
• Examining nutrition and its impact on study concentration.
• Investigated the correlation between video games and good grades. 
• Relationship between personality traits and subject preference.
• The link between study time and poor grades.
• How does trainers’ support connect to students’ mental health?

Most Recent Correlation Research Topics for STEM Students

• Exploring the connection between food and drug efficacy.
• Investigating the correlation between exercise and sleep.
• Understanding sleep patterns and heart rate.
• Examining the link between weather seasons and body immunity.
• Connecting wind speed and energy supply.
• Investigating rainfall extent and crop yields.
• Exploring respiratory health and air pollution.
• Correlation between carbon emissions and global warming.
• Stress and its connection to mental health.
• Bridge capacity and preferred design.

Examples in Correlational Research For College Students

• The correlation between parental guidance and career decisions.
• Differences between student grades and career choices.
• A Teacher’ qualifications and students’ success example in class.
• Major Link between teachers’ age and students’ performance.
• Example of Clarifying students’ workload and subject choice.
• Difference between teachers’ morale and students’ grades.
• Example in School location and performance metrics.
• Relationship between school curriculum and performance.
• Relating school programs to students’ absenteeism.
• Difference In Academic success vs teachers’ gender

Nursing-Related Correlation Questions

• Relationship between sleep quality and post-surgery management
• Does patient healing correlate with the choice of drugs?
• What is the difference between physical activity levels and depression?
• How does nurse-patient communication connect to patient recovery?
• The correlation between age and child mortality in mothers.
• Does patient education correlate with prompt recovery?
• The connection between spirituality and drug use.
• How does adherence to drugs correlate with age?
• Major Correlation between routine nursing and back pain.
• Is there a connection between chemotherapy and fatigue?

Technology Ralted Correlation Research Topics For Students

• Relationship between screen time and eye strain
• The link between video games and IQ levels
• Does loneliness correlate with tech dependence?
• The connection between wireless technology and infertility.
• Relationship between smartphone usage and sleep quality
• Does academic performance correlate with technology exposure?
• Relationship between technology and physical activity levels
• Correlation between self-esteem and technology
• The link between technology and memory sharpness.
• Is there a correlation between screen time and headaches?

Qualitative Correlational Research Topics For Students in Economics

• Inflation and unemployment rates correlation.
• Financial liberation and foreign aid connection.
• Trade policies and foreign investors’ correlation.
• Income and a nation’s well-being link.
• Salary levels and education levels correlation.
• Urbanization and economic progress connection.
• Economy growth rate and national budget correlation.
• Marital status and employed population link.
• Early retirements and the country’s growth connection.
• Energy prices and economic growth correlation.

Quantitative Correlational Research Questions in Nursing

• Correlation between racism and population size.
• Propaganda and marketing connection.
• Cults and social class correlation.
• Bullying and skin color connection.
• Child abuse and marriages correlation.
• Aging and hormones connection.
• Leadership and communication correlation.
• Depression and discrimination connection.
• Cognitive behavior therapy and age correlation.
• Eating disorders and genetics connection.

Correlational Research Titles About Business

• Remote employees and business growth correlation.
• Business ethic laws and productivity connection.
• Language and business growth correlation.
• Foreign investments and cultural differences link.
• Monopoly and businesses closure correlation.
• Cultural practices and business survival connection.
• Customer behaviors and product choice correlation.
• Advertising and business innovations connection.
• Labor laws and taxation correlation.
• Technology and business trends link.

Best Correlational Research Sample Title Examples for Statistics Essays

• Rent costs and population correlation.
• COVID-19 vaccination and health budget connection.
• Technology and data sample collection correlation.
• Education costs and income connection.
• Education levels and job satisfaction correlation.
• Local trade volumes and dollar exchange rates connection.
• Loans and small businesses’ growth rate correlation.
• Online and offline surveys connection.
• Wage analysis and employee age correlation.
• National savings and employment rates connection.

Good Correlational Research Examples for Sociology Research Papers

• Social media and kids’ behaviors in school correlation.
• Food culture and modern lifestyle diseases connection.
• Health equity and deaths correlation.
• Gender stereotypes and unemployment connection .
• Women’s behaviors and mainstream media programs correlation.
• Age differences and abusive marriages connection.
• Children’s obesity and social class correlation.
• Infertility and mental health among couples connection.
• Bullying and past violence encounters in kids correlation.
• Genetically modified foods and lifestyle diseases connection.

Exciting Correlational Research Topic & Title Examples

• The relationship between social media use and levels of anxiety in adolescents.
• Correlation between sleep patterns and academic performance in college students.

Correlational Research Topics For Students

• The connection between parental involvement and students’ academic achievement.
• Relationship between technology use in the classroom and student engagement.

Hot Correlational Research Topics For Students In Sociology

• Correlation between income levels and access to healthcare services.
• The impact of social media usage on interpersonal relationships.

Most Interesting Correlational Research Topics For Health Sciences

• Relationship between exercise frequency and mental health in adults.
• Correlation between diet and the prevalence of chronic diseases.

Correlational Research Topics About Business In The Philippines

• The relationship between employee job satisfaction and organizational productivity.
• Correlation between leadership styles and team performance in the workplace.

Environmental Science Correlational Research Topics

• The connection between air quality and respiratory health in urban areas.
• Relationship between waste disposal practices and environmental sustainability.

Economics Correlational Research Topics For Students

• Correlation between inflation rates and consumer spending habits.
• The impact of education levels on individual income and economic growth.

Good Correlational Research Topics For Students About Political Science

• Relationship between political ideologies and voting behavior.
• Correlation between government transparency and public trust.

Communication-Related Correlational Research Topics

• The connection between media consumption and political opinions.
• Relationship between communication styles and workplace conflicts.

Linguistics-Related Correlational Research Topics For Students

• Correlation between bilingualism and cognitive abilities in children.
• The impact of language diversity on team collaboration in multinational companies.

Anthropology Correlational Research Topics For Students

• Relationship between cultural diversity and mental health outcomes.
• Correlation between traditional practices and community well-being.

Greatest Correlational Research Topics For Criminal Justice

• The connection between socioeconomic status and crime rates.
• Relationship between community policing and trust in law enforcement.

Best Correlational Research Topics For Students In Nursing and Healthcare

• Correlation between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction.
• The impact of nurse staffing levels on patient outcomes.

Computer Science-Related Correlational Research Topics

• Relationship between smartphone usage and productivity in the tech industry.
• Correlation between programming skills and job success in the IT field.

Engineering Correlational Research Topics For Students

• The connection between environmental engineering practices and pollution levels.
• Relationship between project management strategies and construction project success.

What Are The Best Topics For Correlational Research About Accountancy, Business, And Management Students?

Here are some correlational research topics for Accountancy, Business, and Management students:

So that’s all about the best correlational research topics for students. You can explore its essence and present many captivating topics spanning various disciplines. From psychology to business, education to STEM, a wealth of intriguing correlations is waiting to be uncovered. Remember, correlation does not imply causation, but with careful analysis and interpretation, correlational research can offer valuable insights into the interconnectedness of phenomena.

So, whether you’re a high school student embarking on a science project or a seasoned researcher seeking inspiration, the world of correlation research awaits your exploration.

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150+ Correlational Research Topics: Best Ideas For Students

Welcome to our blog, Correlational Research Topics! Research about connections is important for understanding how changes in one thing can relate to changes in another. But it does not mean one thing causes the other. This blog will cover the basics of research on connections. 

This includes what connections mean and different types of connections. We’ll also discuss what impacts connections and why carefully picking research topics matters. Plus, we’ll give examples of connection research topics in different fields. We’ll show why they’re important and could make a difference.

Whether you’re a student looking for research ideas or want to know about connections in the real world, this blog aims to give helpful ideas and motivation for your journey into connection research. Let’s dive in to learn correlational research topics!

What is Correlational Research?

Table of Contents

Correlation research studies how changes in one thing relate to changes in another. It looks at how two things are connected and if they change together. For example, studying whether people’s income and their level of education are correlated. 

Correlation research does not prove cause and effect. It shows relationships between things but not why they are related. More studies are needed to determine if one thing causes the other. Correlation research helps reveal trends and patterns between variables.

How to Select Correlational Research Topics

Here are some simple tips for choosing a good topic for correlational research:

• Pick two things you think are related, like age and memory or exercise and mood.
• Ensure you can measure these things with numbers, like hours exercised per week or the number of words remembered.
• Don’t try to prove one thing causes another; just look at how they are related.
• Pick timely topics that matter right now.
• Look at past research to get ideas and find gaps to fill.
• Think about questions you have about how certain things are connected.
• Look through research databases to find studies on relationships you’re curious about.
• Choose things that naturally connect in the real world, not random things.

The main goal is to pick two things you can measure that somehow seem to relate to each other. Spend time thinking of ideas before settling on a topic.

150+ Correlational Research Topics For Students

Here are over 150 correlational research topics categorized into different fields for students:

• The correlation between self-esteem and educational achievement among high school students.
• Relationship between self-esteem and social media usage in college students.
• Correlation between personality traits and career success.
• Impact of parental attachment styles on romantic relationships in young adults.
• Relationship between stress levels and sleep quality among university students.
• Correlation between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness.
• The connection between involvement of parents and academic performance in elementary school children.
• Correlation between anxiety levels and academic performance in college students.
• Relationship between attachment styles and childhood trauma in adulthood.
• Correlation between mindfulness practices and stress reduction among college students.

• The correlation between teacher-student rapport and student engagement in the classroom.
• Relationship between homework completion rates and academic achievement.
• Correlation between classroom environment and student motivation.
• Impact of involvement of parents in education on student performance.
• Relationship between school climate and student behavior.
• Correlation between extracurricular activities and academic success.
• The relationship between teacher feedback and pupil learning outcomes.
• Correlation between technology usage and academic performance.
• Relationship between school resources and student achievement.
• Correlation between bullying experiences and academic performance.
• The correlation between the status of socioeconomic and access to healthcare.
• Relationship between family structure and juvenile delinquency rates.
• Correlation between media representation and cultural perceptions.
• Impact of community involvement on crime rates.
• Relationship between religion and political affiliation.
• Correlation between social support networks and mental health outcomes.
• Relationship between gender roles and career choices.
• Correlation between immigration rates and cultural assimilation.
• Relationship between income inequality and social mobility.
• Correlation between social media usage and social interaction patterns.
• The correlation between growth of GDP and unemployment rates.
• Relationship between inflation rates and consumer spending.
• Correlation between government spending and economic growth.
• Impact of trade policies on economic development.
• Relationship between interest rates and investment behavior.
• Correlation between income inequality and economic stability.
• Relationship between education levels and income disparity.
• Correlation between taxation policies and income distribution.
• Impact of globalization on income inequality.
• Relationship between poverty rates and access to healthcare.

Health and Medicine

• The correlation between exercise frequency and mental health outcomes.
• Relationship between diet quality and cardiovascular health.
• Correlation between habits of smoking and lung cancer rates.
• Impact of sleep duration on physical health.
• Relationship between anxiety levels and immune system function.
• Relationship between vaccination rates and disease prevalence.
• Correlation between air pollution and respiratory diseases.
• Impact of social support networks on recovery from illness.
• Relationship between alcohol consumption and liver health.

Environmental Science

• The correlation between deforestation and biodiversity loss.
• Relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and world temperatures.
• Correlation between water pollution levels and aquatic biodiversity.
• Impact of urbanization on air quality.
• Relationship between waste management practices and environmental sustainability.
• Correlation between agricultural practices and soil erosion rates.
• Relationship between renewable energy usage and carbon emissions.
• Correlation between climate change and natural disasters.
• Impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems.
• Relationship between population growth and resource depletion.

Business and Management

• The correlation between employee satisfaction and productivity.
• Relationship between leadership styles and team performance.
• Correlation between employee training programs and job satisfaction.
• Impact of organizational culture on employee turnover rates.
• Relationship between customer satisfaction and business profitability.
• Correlation between marketing strategies and customer retention.
• Relationship between the corporate social responsibility and brand reputation.
• Correlation between employee diversity and innovation.
• Impact of supply chain management practices on company performance.
• Relationship between economic indicators and stock market fluctuations.

Technology and Society

• The correlation between social media usage and loneliness feelings.
• Relationship between screen time and attention span in children.
• Correlation between video game usage and aggression levels.
• Impact of smartphone usage on sleep quality.
• Relationship between the online concerns of privacy and social media usage.
• Correlation between digital literacy skills and academic performance.
• Relationship between technology adoption rates and generational differences.
• Correlation between Internet access and economic development.
• Relationship between online shopping habits and environmental sustainability.
• Correlation between technology usage and mental health outcomes.

Sports and Exercise Science

• The correlation between physical activity levels and cardiovascular health.
• Relationship between nutrition habits and athletic performance.
• Correlation between training intensity and muscle growth.
• Impact of sleep quality on athletic recovery.
• Relationship between exercise frequency and mental well-being.
• Correlation between sports participation and academic performance.
• Relationship between injuries in sports and long-term health outcomes.
• Correlation between coaching styles and athlete motivation.
• Impact of sports specialization on injury risk.
• Relationship between exercise adherence and weight management.

Media and Communication

• The correlation between media consumption habits and political beliefs.
• Relationship between advertising exposure and consumer behavior.
• Correlation between news coverage and public opinion.
• Influence of social media influencers on buying decisions.
• The connection between critical thinking skills and media literacy.
• Correlation between television viewing habits and body image issues.
• Relationship between media representation and societal norms.
• Correlation between online communication and interpersonal relationships.
• Relationship between media exposure and aggression in children.
• Correlation between streaming services usage and traditional media consumption.

Arts and Culture

• The correlation between education in arts and academic achievement.
• Relationship between cultural experiences and empathy levels.
• Correlation between music preferences and personality traits.
• Impact of cultural diversity on creative industries.
• Relationship between art participation and mental health outcomes.
• Correlation between museum attendance and community engagement.
• Relationship between literature consumption and empathy development.
• Correlation between cultural events attendance and social cohesion.
• Impact of arts funding on community development.
• Relationship between artistic expression and emotional well-being.

Political Science

• The correlation between voter turnout and socioeconomic status.
• Relationship between political ideology and environmental policies.
• Correlation between campaign spending and election outcomes.
• Impact of political polarization on civic engagement.
• Relationship between media bias and public perception of political issues.
• Correlation between government transparency and public trust.
• Relationship between political party cooperation and attitudes towards immigration.
• Correlation between political rhetoric and hate crime rates.
• Relationship between political knowledge and participation in democratic processes.
• Correlation between lobbying efforts and policy outcomes.

Law and Justice

• The correlation between socioeconomic status and incarceration rates.
• Relationship between sentencing disparities and racial identity.
• Correlation between police presence and crime rates in urban areas.
• Impact of therapeutic programs of justices on recidivism rates.
• Relationship between access to legal representation and court outcomes.
• Correlation between mandatory sentencing laws and prison overcrowding.
• Relationship between drug policy enforcement and addiction rates.
• Correlation between control laws on guns and firearm-related deaths.
• Relationship between immigration policies and crime rates.
• Correlation between juvenile justice interventions and rehabilitation outcomes.

History and Anthropology

• The correlation between archaeological findings and historical narratives.
• Relationship between language diversity and cultural preservation.
• Correlation between migration patterns and cultural diffusion.
• Impact of colonialism on indigenous cultures.
• Relationship between cultural practices and social hierarchy.
• Correlation between climate change and human migration.
• Relationship between trade routes and cultural exchange.
• Correlation between artistic expressions and societal values.
• Relationship between religious beliefs and cultural traditions.
• Correlation between technological advancements and societal change.

Gender Studies

• The correlation between gender stereotypes and career choices.
• Relationship between media representation and gender norms.
• Correlation between gender wage gap and educational attainment.
• Impact of gender individuality on mental health outcomes.
• Relationship between gender roles and domestic responsibilities.
• Correlation between workplace discrimination and gender diversity.
• Relationship between feminism and political participation.
• Correlation between LGBTQ+ rights advocacy and social acceptance.
• Relationship between gender-based violence and cultural attitudes.
• Correlation between gender equity policies and workplace satisfaction.

Miscellaneous

• The correlation between pet ownership and mental health.
• Relationship between travel experiences and cultural awareness.
• Correlation between volunteering activities and life satisfaction.
• Impact of hobbies on stress management.
• Relationship between religious beliefs and charitable giving.
• Correlation between language proficiency and cognitive abilities.
• Relationship between parenting styles and child development results.
• Correlation between financial literacy and money management skills.
• Correlation between social network size and happiness levels.

These correlational research topics cover a wide range of areas and can inspire students looking to conduct correlational research in various fields.

Challenges and Limitations

Here are some simple challenges with correlational research:

• It can’t prove one thing causes another, only that things are related.
• Other factors could affect the relationship you see between the two things you’re studying.
• Hard to know which thing impacts the other or if they impact each other.
• Just because two things are correlated does not mean they have a strong relationship. The correlation could be weak.
• Uses observational data, so there is less control than in experiments.
• This might not apply to everyone, only the group studied.
• People may not be honest or accurate if they self-report data like in surveys.

In summary, correlational research can only show two things that relate in some way but can’t prove causation or account for other factors that might affect the relationship. The results may only apply to the sample studied, too. These are good limitations to be aware of.

Best Practices for Correlational Research

Here are some best practices for conducting quality correlational research:

• Use a large random sample representing the population you want to generalize to. This strengthens the external validity of your findings.
• Measure variables accurately and reliably using validated instruments. Poor measurement can obscure relationships.
• Collect data prospectively, if possible, rather than retrospectively. This avoids reliance on recollection.
• Use multiple data points over time (longitudinal data) rather than a single data collection. This provides more insight into relationships.
• Examine curvilinear relationships in addition to linear ones. The correlation may only occur at certain levels.
• Control statistically for potential third variables that may influence the relationship. This provides a clearer assessment of the relationship.
• Assess directionality and potential interactive or reciprocal relationships using path analysis or longitudinal data. This provides greater understanding.
• Use multiple regression techniques to model more complex relationships among many variables.
• Report effect sizes and confidence intervals, not just statistical significance. Effect size indicates practical importance.
• Cautiously interpret results and do not overstate causality claims. Correlation does not equal causation.
• Replicate findings using different samples to assess generalizability and consistency.

Following best practices strengthens correlational research’s rigor, analysis, and interpretation. Adhering to these can produce higher-quality studies.

Final Remarks

Studying correlational research topics can help us learn much about how different things are related. Psychology, education, and business students can pick topics to research and find interesting connections. They can learn if certain things appear to go up or down together. This can give useful information to help make decisions or create policies.

When students carefully choose a correlational research topic and study the data, they can add to what we know about real-world relationships. For example, they may find links between sleep and grades, exercise and mood, or class size and learning.

Doing correlational research allows students to spot patterns between things and practice research skills. As they choose their topics, students can find exciting areas to explore. Uncovering correlations teaches us more about the complicated links between things in the world around us. With simple hard work, students can use correlational research to reveal new insights.

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• Knowledge Base

Methodology

• Correlational Research | When & How to Use

Correlational Research | When & How to Use

Published on July 7, 2021 by Pritha Bhandari . Revised on June 22, 2023.

A correlational research design investigates relationships between variables without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them.

A correlation reflects the strength and/or direction of the relationship between two (or more) variables. The direction of a correlation can be either positive or negative.

Table of contents

Correlational vs. experimental research, when to use correlational research, how to collect correlational data, how to analyze correlational data, correlation and causation, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about correlational research.

Correlational and experimental research both use quantitative methods to investigate relationships between variables. But there are important differences in data collection methods and the types of conclusions you can draw.

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Correlational research is ideal for gathering data quickly from natural settings. That helps you generalize your findings to real-life situations in an externally valid way.

There are a few situations where correlational research is an appropriate choice.

To investigate non-causal relationships

You want to find out if there is an association between two variables, but you don’t expect to find a causal relationship between them.

Correlational research can provide insights into complex real-world relationships, helping researchers develop theories and make predictions.

To explore causal relationships between variables

You think there is a causal relationship between two variables, but it is impractical, unethical, or too costly to conduct experimental research that manipulates one of the variables.

Correlational research can provide initial indications or additional support for theories about causal relationships.

To test new measurement tools

You have developed a new instrument for measuring your variable, and you need to test its reliability or validity .

Correlational research can be used to assess whether a tool consistently or accurately captures the concept it aims to measure.

There are many different methods you can use in correlational research. In the social and behavioral sciences, the most common data collection methods for this type of research include surveys, observations , and secondary data.

It’s important to carefully choose and plan your methods to ensure the reliability and validity of your results. You should carefully select a representative sample so that your data reflects the population you’re interested in without research bias .

In survey research , you can use questionnaires to measure your variables of interest. You can conduct surveys online, by mail, by phone, or in person.

Surveys are a quick, flexible way to collect standardized data from many participants, but it’s important to ensure that your questions are worded in an unbiased way and capture relevant insights.

Naturalistic observation

Naturalistic observation is a type of field research where you gather data about a behavior or phenomenon in its natural environment.

This method often involves recording, counting, describing, and categorizing actions and events. Naturalistic observation can include both qualitative and quantitative elements, but to assess correlation, you collect data that can be analyzed quantitatively (e.g., frequencies, durations, scales, and amounts).

Naturalistic observation lets you easily generalize your results to real world contexts, and you can study experiences that aren’t replicable in lab settings. But data analysis can be time-consuming and unpredictable, and researcher bias may skew the interpretations.

Secondary data

Instead of collecting original data, you can also use data that has already been collected for a different purpose, such as official records, polls, or previous studies.

Using secondary data is inexpensive and fast, because data collection is complete. However, the data may be unreliable, incomplete or not entirely relevant, and you have no control over the reliability or validity of the data collection procedures.

After collecting data, you can statistically analyze the relationship between variables using correlation or regression analyses, or both. You can also visualize the relationships between variables with a scatterplot.

Different types of correlation coefficients and regression analyses are appropriate for your data based on their levels of measurement and distributions .

Correlation analysis

Using a correlation analysis, you can summarize the relationship between variables into a correlation coefficient : a single number that describes the strength and direction of the relationship between variables. With this number, you’ll quantify the degree of the relationship between variables.

The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient , also known as Pearson’s r , is commonly used for assessing a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.

Correlation coefficients are usually found for two variables at a time, but you can use a multiple correlation coefficient for three or more variables.

Regression analysis

With a regression analysis , you can predict how much a change in one variable will be associated with a change in the other variable. The result is a regression equation that describes the line on a graph of your variables.

You can use this equation to predict the value of one variable based on the given value(s) of the other variable(s). It’s best to perform a regression analysis after testing for a correlation between your variables.

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It’s important to remember that correlation does not imply causation . Just because you find a correlation between two things doesn’t mean you can conclude one of them causes the other for a few reasons.

Directionality problem

If two variables are correlated, it could be because one of them is a cause and the other is an effect. But the correlational research design doesn’t allow you to infer which is which. To err on the side of caution, researchers don’t conclude causality from correlational studies.

Third variable problem

A confounding variable is a third variable that influences other variables to make them seem causally related even though they are not. Instead, there are separate causal links between the confounder and each variable.

In correlational research, there’s limited or no researcher control over extraneous variables . Even if you statistically control for some potential confounders, there may still be other hidden variables that disguise the relationship between your study variables.

Although a correlational study can’t demonstrate causation on its own, it can help you develop a causal hypothesis that’s tested in controlled experiments.

If you want to know more about statistics , methodology , or research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Normal distribution
• Degrees of freedom
• Null hypothesis
• Discourse analysis
• Control groups
• Mixed methods research
• Non-probability sampling
• Quantitative research
• Ecological validity

Research bias

• Rosenthal effect
• Implicit bias
• Cognitive bias
• Selection bias
• Negativity bias
• Status quo bias

A correlation reflects the strength and/or direction of the association between two or more variables.

• A positive correlation means that both variables change in the same direction.
• A negative correlation means that the variables change in opposite directions.
• A zero correlation means there’s no relationship between the variables.

A correlational research design investigates relationships between two variables (or more) without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them. It’s a non-experimental type of quantitative research .

Controlled experiments establish causality, whereas correlational studies only show associations between variables.

• In an experimental design , you manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on a dependent variable. Other variables are controlled so they can’t impact the results.
• In a correlational design , you measure variables without manipulating any of them. You can test whether your variables change together, but you can’t be sure that one variable caused a change in another.

In general, correlational research is high in external validity while experimental research is high in internal validity .

A correlation is usually tested for two variables at a time, but you can test correlations between three or more variables.

A correlation coefficient is a single number that describes the strength and direction of the relationship between your variables.

Different types of correlation coefficients might be appropriate for your data based on their levels of measurement and distributions . The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r ) is commonly used to assess a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.

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Correlational Research: What it is with Examples

Our minds can do some brilliant things. For example, it can memorize the jingle of a pizza truck. The louder the jingle, the closer the pizza truck is to us. Who taught us that? Nobody! We relied on our understanding and came to a conclusion. We don’t stop there, do we? If there are multiple pizza trucks in the area and each one has a different jingle, we would memorize it all and relate the jingle to its pizza truck.

This is what correlational research precisely is, establishing a relationship between two variables, “jingle” and “distance of the truck” in this particular example. The correlational study looks for variables that seem to interact with each other. When you see one variable changing, you have a fair idea of how the other variable will change.

What is Correlational research?

Correlational research is a type of non-experimental research method in which a researcher measures two variables and understands and assesses the statistical relationship between them with no influence from any extraneous variable. In statistical analysis, distinguishing between categorical data and numerical data is essential, as categorical data involves distinct categories or labels, while numerical data consists of measurable quantities.

Correlational Research Example

The correlation coefficient shows the correlation between two variables (A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure that calculates the strength of the relationship between two variables), a value measured between -1 and +1. When the correlation coefficient is close to +1, there is a positive correlation between the two variables. If the value is relative to -1, there is a negative correlation between the two variables. When the value is close to zero, then there is no relationship between the two variables.

Let us take an example to understand correlational research.

Consider hypothetically, a researcher is studying a correlation between cancer and marriage. In this study, there are two variables: disease and marriage. Let us say marriage has a negative association with cancer. This means that married people are less likely to develop cancer.

However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that marriage directly avoids cancer. In correlational research, it is not possible to establish the fact, what causes what. It is a misconception that a correlational study involves two quantitative variables. However, the reality is two variables are measured, but neither is changed. This is true independent of whether the variables are quantitative or categorical.

Types of correlational research

Mainly three types of correlational research have been identified:

1. Positive correlation: A positive relationship between two variables is when an increase in one variable leads to a rise in the other variable. A decrease in one variable will see a reduction in the other variable. For example, the amount of money a person has might positively correlate with the number of cars the person owns.

2. Negative correlation: A negative correlation is quite literally the opposite of a positive relationship. If there is an increase in one variable, the second variable will show a decrease, and vice versa.

For example, being educated might negatively correlate with the crime rate when an increase in one variable leads to a decrease in another and vice versa. If a country’s education level is improved, it can lower crime rates. Please note that this doesn’t mean that lack of education leads to crimes. It only means that a lack of education and crime is believed to have a common reason – poverty.

3. No correlation: There is no correlation between the two variables in this third type . A change in one variable may not necessarily see a difference in the other variable. For example, being a millionaire and happiness are not correlated. An increase in money doesn’t lead to happiness.

Characteristics of correlational research

Correlational research has three main characteristics. They are: 

• Non-experimental : The correlational study is non-experimental. It means that researchers need not manipulate variables with a scientific methodology to either agree or disagree with a hypothesis. The researcher only measures and observes the relationship between the variables without altering them or subjecting them to external conditioning.
• Backward-looking : Correlational research only looks back at historical data and observes events in the past. Researchers use it to measure and spot historical patterns between two variables. A correlational study may show a positive relationship between two variables, but this can change in the future.
• Dynamic : The patterns between two variables from correlational research are never constant and are always changing. Two variables having negative correlation research in the past can have a positive correlation relationship in the future due to various factors.

Data collection

The distinctive feature of correlational research is that the researcher can’t manipulate either of the variables involved. It doesn’t matter how or where the variables are measured. A researcher could observe participants in a closed environment or a public setting.

Researchers use two data collection methods to collect information in correlational research.

01. Naturalistic observation

Naturalistic observation is a way of data collection in which people’s behavioral targeting is observed in their natural environment, in which they typically exist. This method is a type of field research. It could mean a researcher might be observing people in a grocery store, at the cinema, playground, or in similar places.

Researchers who are usually involved in this type of data collection make observations as unobtrusively as possible so that the participants involved in the study are not aware that they are being observed else they might deviate from being their natural self.

Ethically this method is acceptable if the participants remain anonymous, and if the study is conducted in a public setting, a place where people would not normally expect complete privacy. As mentioned previously, taking an example of the grocery store where people can be observed while collecting an item from the aisle and putting in the shopping bags. This is ethically acceptable, which is why most researchers choose public settings for recording their observations. This data collection method could be both qualitative and quantitative . If you need to know more about qualitative data, you can explore our newly published blog, “ Examples of Qualitative Data in Education .”

02. Archival data

Another approach to correlational data is the use of archival data. Archival information is the data that has been previously collected by doing similar kinds of research . Archival data is usually made available through primary research .

In contrast to naturalistic observation, the information collected through archived data can be pretty straightforward. For example, counting the number of people named Richard in the various states of America based on social security records is relatively short.

Use the correlational research method to conduct a correlational study and measure the statistical relationship between two variables. Uncover the insights that matter the most. Use QuestionPro’s research platform to uncover complex insights that can propel your business to the forefront of your industry.

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100 Interesting Research Paper Topics for High Schoolers

What’s covered:, how to pick the right research topic, elements of a strong research paper.

• Interesting Research Paper Topics

Composing a research paper can be a daunting task for first-time writers. In addition to making sure you’re using concise language and your thoughts are organized clearly, you need to find a topic that draws the reader in.

CollegeVine is here to help you brainstorm creative topics! Below are 100 interesting research paper topics that will help you engage with your project and keep you motivated until you’ve typed the final period. 

A research paper is similar to an academic essay but more lengthy and requires more research. This added length and depth is bittersweet: although a research paper is more work, you can create a more nuanced argument, and learn more about your topic. Research papers are a demonstration of your research ability and your ability to formulate a convincing argument. How well you’re able to engage with the sources and make original contributions will determine the strength of your paper. 

You can’t have a good research paper without a good research paper topic. “Good” is subjective, and different students will find different topics interesting. What’s important is that you find a topic that makes you want to find out more and make a convincing argument. Maybe you’ll be so interested that you’ll want to take it further and investigate some detail in even greater depth!

For example, last year over 4000 students applied for 500 spots in the Lumiere Research Scholar Program , a rigorous research program founded by Harvard researchers. The program pairs high-school students with Ph.D. mentors to work 1-on-1 on an independent research project . The program actually does not require you to have a research topic in mind when you apply, but pro tip: the more specific you can be the more likely you are to get in!

Introduction

The introduction to a research paper serves two critical functions: it conveys the topic of the paper and illustrates how you will address it. A strong introduction will also pique the interest of the reader and make them excited to read more. Selecting a research paper topic that is meaningful, interesting, and fascinates you is an excellent first step toward creating an engaging paper that people will want to read.

Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is technically part of the introduction—generally the last sentence of it—but is so important that it merits a section of its own. The thesis statement is a declarative sentence that tells the reader what the paper is about. A strong thesis statement serves three purposes: present the topic of the paper, deliver a clear opinion on the topic, and summarize the points the paper will cover.

An example of a good thesis statement of diversity in the workforce is:

Diversity in the workplace is not just a moral imperative but also a strategic advantage for businesses, as it fosters innovation, enhances creativity, improves decision-making, and enables companies to better understand and connect with a diverse customer base.

The body is the largest section of a research paper. It’s here where you support your thesis, present your facts and research, and persuade the reader.

Each paragraph in the body of a research paper should have its own idea. The idea is presented, generally in the first sentence of the paragraph, by a topic sentence. The topic sentence acts similarly to the thesis statement, only on a smaller scale, and every sentence in the paragraph with it supports the idea it conveys.

An example of a topic sentence on how diversity in the workplace fosters innovation is:

Diversity in the workplace fosters innovation by bringing together individuals with different backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences, which stimulates creativity, encourages new ideas, and leads to the development of innovative solutions to complex problems.

The body of an engaging research paper flows smoothly from one idea to the next. Create an outline before writing and order your ideas so that each idea logically leads to another.

The conclusion of a research paper should summarize your thesis and reinforce your argument. It’s common to restate the thesis in the conclusion of a research paper.

For example, a conclusion for a paper about diversity in the workforce is:

In conclusion, diversity in the workplace is vital to success in the modern business world. By embracing diversity, companies can tap into the full potential of their workforce, promote creativity and innovation, and better connect with a diverse customer base, ultimately leading to greater success and a more prosperous future for all.

Reference Page

The reference page is normally found at the end of a research paper. It provides proof that you did research using credible sources, properly credits the originators of information, and prevents plagiarism.

There are a number of different formats of reference pages, including APA, MLA, and Chicago. Make sure to format your reference page in your teacher’s preferred style.

• Analyze the benefits of diversity in education.
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• What effect does rising college tuition have on high schoolers?
• Do students perform better in same-sex schools?
• Discuss and analyze the impacts of a famous musician on pop music.
• How has pop music evolved over the past decade?
• How has the portrayal of women in music changed in the media over the past decade?
• How does a synthesizer work?
• How has music evolved to feature different instruments/voices?
• How has sound effect technology changed the music industry?
• Analyze the benefits of music education in high schools.
• Are rehabilitation centers more effective than prisons?
• Are congestion taxes useful?
• Does affirmative action help minorities?
• Can a capitalist system effectively reduce inequality?
• Is a three-branch government system effective?
• What causes polarization in today’s politics?
• Is the U.S. government racially unbiased?
• Choose a historical invention and discuss its impact on society today.
• Choose a famous historical leader who lost power—what led to their eventual downfall?
• How has your country evolved over the past century?
• What historical event has had the largest effect on the U.S.?
• Has the government’s response to national disasters improved or declined throughout history?
• Discuss the history of the American occupation of Iraq.
• Explain the history of the Israel-Palestine conflict.
• Is literature relevant in modern society?
• Discuss how fiction can be used for propaganda.
• How does literature teach and inform about society?
• Explain the influence of children’s literature on adulthood.
• How has literature addressed homosexuality?
• Does the media portray minorities realistically?
• Does the media reinforce stereotypes?
• Why have podcasts become so popular?
• Will streaming end traditional television?
• What is a patriot?
• What are the pros and cons of global citizenship?
• What are the causes and effects of bullying?
• Why has the divorce rate in the U.S. been declining in recent years?
• Is it more important to follow social norms or religion?
• What are the responsible limits on abortion, if any?
• How does an MRI machine work?
• Would the U.S. benefit from socialized healthcare?
• Elderly populations
• The education system
• State tax bases
• How do anti-vaxxers affect the health of the country?
• Analyze the costs and benefits of diet culture.
• Should companies allow employees to exercise on company time?
• What is an adequate amount of exercise for an adult per week/per month/per day?
• Discuss the effects of the obesity epidemic on American society.
• Are students smarter since the advent of the internet?
• What departures has the internet made from its original design?
• Has digital downloading helped the music industry?
• Discuss the benefits and costs of stricter internet censorship.
• Analyze the effects of the internet on the paper news industry.
• What would happen if the internet went out?
• How will artificial intelligence (AI) change our lives?
• What are the pros and cons of cryptocurrency?
• How has social media affected the way people relate with each other?
• Should social media have an age restriction?
• Discuss the importance of source software.
• What is more relevant in today’s world: mobile apps or websites?
• How will fully autonomous vehicles change our lives?
• How is text messaging affecting teen literacy?

Mental Health

• What are the benefits of daily exercise?
• How has social media affected people’s mental health?
• What things contribute to poor mental and physical health?
• Analyze how mental health is talked about in pop culture.
• Discuss the pros and cons of more counselors in high schools.
• How does stress affect the body?
• How do emotional support animals help people?
• What are black holes?
• Discuss the biggest successes and failures of the EPA.
• How has the Flint water crisis affected life in Michigan?
• Can science help save endangered species?
• Is the development of an anti-cancer vaccine possible?

Environment

• What are the effects of deforestation on climate change?
• Is climate change reversible?
• How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect global warming and climate change?
• Are carbon credits effective for offsetting emissions or just marketing?
• Is nuclear power a safe alternative to fossil fuels?
• Are hybrid vehicles helping to control pollution in the atmosphere?
• How is plastic waste harming the environment?
• Is entrepreneurism a trait people are born with or something they learn?
• How much more should CEOs make than their average employee?
• Can you start a business without money?
• Should the U.S. raise the minimum wage?
• Discuss how happy employees benefit businesses.
• How important is branding for a business?
• Discuss the ease, or difficulty, of landing a job today.
• What is the economic impact of sporting events?
• Are professional athletes overpaid?
• Should male and female athletes receive equal pay?
• What is a fair and equitable way for transgender athletes to compete in high school sports?
• What are the benefits of playing team sports?
• What is the most corrupt professional sport?

Where to Get More Research Paper Topic Ideas

If you need more help brainstorming topics, especially those that are personalized to your interests, you can use CollegeVine’s free AI tutor, Ivy . Ivy can help you come up with original research topic ideas, and she can also help with the rest of your homework, from math to languages.

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532 Correlational Research Topics in Psychology

What occurs to you while thinking of a research paper in psychology? We imagine in-depth interviews, surveys, and experiments. These research methods open up the mind of a particular person or a group of people. However, nowadays, psychology has shifted away from employing manual analysis techniques to establishing the fundamental patterns of human behavior. How so? Researchers use data analysis, statistics, and mathematical modeling. Thus, the correlational study is the most understandable and illustrative method.

This article features more than five hundred examples of correlational research topics in psychology for college students. You will learn the basics and primary purposes of this method.

• 🧠 Top 15 Psychology Topics
• 📄 Research in Psychology: the Basics
• 😞 Anxiety, Stress, Depression
• 🤤 Addiction & Eating Disorders
• ⚖️ Research Topics in Psychology
• 🚴 Sports & Health Psychology
• 💢 Violence & Sexual Abuse
• 🧑‍💼 Workplace & Gender Issues Topics
• 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Correlational Research Topics on Gender
• 🏫 Education & Learning Topics
• 💒 Marriage, Relationships, Parenting

🖇 References

🧠 top 15 correlational research topics in psychology.

• Do our actions define our personality?
• Stress and motivation: Can they coexist?
• How does parents’ IQ level relate to their children’s IQ?
• Which behavioral patterns are the most frequent in children with ASD?
• Success in studies Vs. Career success.
• What role does self-awareness play in changing unhealthy behavior?
• How has the world pandemic changed the stress levels of the population?
• Results of early treatment of mental health.
• Does yoga contribute to stress resilience?
• Social media addiction in young people hurts their college grades.
• Archival research: How often does bullying cause suicidal thoughts?
• Do anti-discrimination education lower children’s abilities to categorize other people?
• Sexual abuse experience and depression probability.
• Are hate crimes more frequent in highly religious societies?
• A laugh can enhance cognitive skills.

📄 Correlational Research in Psychology: the Basics

A correlation study can end in three possible ways that researchers illustrate in a correlation coefficient:

• A Positive correlation happens when both variables simultaneously grow or fall. The coefficient is about +1.00.
• A negative correlation occurs when one variable grows and the other drops. The coefficient is about -1.00.
• A zero correlation happens when there is no relationship between variables. The coefficient is close to 0.

The visual representation of a correlation is called a scatter diagram or scatter chart.

There are three methods for you to perform correlational research in psychology.

We will help you find the most suitable correlational research topic in psychology. Depending on your purposes and methods, the same topics can be used as quantitative research topics.

😞 Correlational Topics on Anxiety, Stress, & Depression

• The rise of depression among college students.
• The impact of Covid-19 on anxiety and depression.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder after Covid-19.
• Recognizing depression in the early stage.
• Importance of stress management at college.
• Anxiety Disorder Studies and Therapy.
• Ways to overcome anxiety during a lockdown.
• The difference between anxiety and depression.
• Mindfulness as a tool to manage stress and anxiety.
• Anxiety effect on young adults and their academic performance.
• The Efficacy of Iron Supplementation to Reduce Vulnerability to Anxiety.
• Effects of post-traumatic stress on the body.
• Anxiety and its effects on teenagers’ self-esteem.
• The rise of social anxiety disorder after Covid-19.
• Depression in adolescents and its contribution to teenage suicides.
• Positive thinking as a treatment for depression.
• COVID-19 and Anxiety Levels Among Nursing Students.
• Prevention of anxiety and emotional burnout on campus.
• Reasons and effects of depression on young females.
• The effects of perfectionism on anxiety and stress.
• Comparison of stress rates among teenagers and adults.
• Social Anxiety Disorder in Teenagers.
• Hypnotherapy as a treatment for stress and anxiety.
• Financial stress and its impact on high school and college students.
• Ways to help someone with depression or anxiety.
• Anxiety and stress as the distractors of an athlete’s attention.
• Overweight and Mental Wellbeing Association.
• Stress as the reason for the lack of energy among teenagers.
• Ways to treat depression after sexual assault.
• Coping with stress and anxiety by yourself.
• The main causes of students’ emotional burnout.
• Musical Effects on Agitation in Dementia.
• The new sources of stress and anxiety in modern society.
• The positive effects of blogging about anxiety and depression.
• Influence of procrastination on academic performance and stress.
• The importance of mental health awareness on campus.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
• Coping styles and mechanisms among teenagers.
• Substance use as a form of coping with stress and anxiety.
• Study-life balance as prevention for depression.
• How media creates social anxiety in younger generations?
• Depression as a growing global problem.
• Detrimental Effects of Stress.
• Types of anxiety medication and its effects on teenagers.
• The social effects of generalized anxiety on students.
• The factors that cause depression stigmatization in society.
• The stress of college students with financial debt.
• Depressive Disorder Treatment Discrepancies.
• Importance of self-care for stress management.

🤤 Correlational Research Topics on Addictions & Eating Disorders

• The impacts of social media on eating disorders.
• The relation between drug addiction and crimes among college students.
• Social media addiction among teenagers and its impact.
• The genetic risk factors in eating disorders.
• Drug Addiction and Treatment Program Evaluation.
• Hidden impacts of alcohol abuse among young adults.
• The prevention and treatment of anorexia in teenage girls.
• Stereotypes around eating disorders.
• The impact of patriarchal values on the rise of eating disorders.
• Public and Private Goods: Heroin Addiction Treatment.
• Food addiction among teenagers and possible treatment.
• The rise of marijuana consumption among young adults.
• The effects of substance abuse on mental health.
• Understanding the emotional connections teenagers have with food.
• Malnutrition Secondary to Eating Disorders.
• Health risks among teenagers dealing with eating disorders.
• Effects of video game addiction on a teenager’s mental health.
• Eating disorders from a perspective of developmental psychology.
• The influence of family and culture on teenagers with bulimia.
• Harm Reduction Addiction Treatment in Los Angeles.
• The effects of smoking cigarettes and vaping on mental health.
• Cell phone addiction as a global problem.
• Effects of parental alcoholism on teenagers.
• The analysis of anti-smoking policies in college.
• Positive Body Image and Eating Disorders.
• Effects of substance abuse in teenage depression.
• Early symptoms of binge eating disorder.
• Importance of awareness-raising classes on eating disorders among adolescents.
• Video Games: Benefits and Addiction.
• Self-injurious behavior among girls with eating disorders.
• Effects of bullying in the advancement of drug addiction.
• The connection between depression and eating disorders.
• The urge to eat in fast food restaurants among students.
• The War on Drugs: Legalization of Marijuana.
• Factors contributing to alcoholism among young adults.
• Effects of body shame on the rise of eating disorders.
• Orthorexia and its influence on young women’s self-esteem.
• The SBIRT Method for Alcohol Misuse Screening and Treatment.
• Eating disorders among female athletes.
• The main signals of substance abuse among teenagers.
• Effects of alcohol on students’ academic performance.
• Illicit Drug Use in Palm Beach County.
• Detrimental effects of pornography addiction on mental health.
• Debunking the stigma around eating disorders.
• The micro-trend of selfie addiction and its effects.
• Effects of Nicotine on Medication.
• Mobile games addiction among children and teenagers.
• Violence and addiction in video games.
• The role of the family in the treatment of eating disorders.
• The importance of halving metabolism when dealing with anorexia.

⚖️ Controversial Correlational Research Topics in Psychology

Adhd, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia.

• How can one tell the difference between a hypomanic episode and ADHD?
• What are the connections between ADHD and non-psychiatric disorders?
• Is there a comorbidity between ADHD and post-traumatic disorder?
• How do genetic factors influence the risk of ADHD?
• Treatment of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.
• How do lifestyle changes affect the treatment and management of ADHD?
• Is there a relationship between cognitive behavioral therapy and ADHD response?
• In the case of ADHD, how may hyperactive and inattentive behaviors combine?
• Can autism specter disorder be intervened with ADHD?
• Bipolar Disorder: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
• Is there a relationship between ADD-influenced impulsivity and other conduct disorders?
• What causes schizophrenia in children?
• What are the signs of schizophrenia in a child?
• How do opposing moods correlate in the case of bipolar disorder?
• Is there a relationship between gene pool and economic factors in cases of bipolar disorder?
• Children With Bipolar Disorder.
• What is the interdependence between manic episodes and outbursts of psychomotor activity?
• Is there a relationship between a patient’s mania and sleep deprivation?
• What are the connections between the patient’s social responsibilities and hypomania?
• How does bipolar disorder relate to other psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety?
• Humanistic Approach to Emotional Dysfunction.
• Dependence of a child’s development on a parent with bipolar disorder?
• How does early ADHD connect with other antisocial tendencies?
• What is the codependence between ADHD and substance abuse?
• Describe the connection between inattentiveness and reactive attachment disorder.
• Does ADHD influence the patient’s cognitive tempo?
• Treatment Plan For the Patient With Hyperactivity Disorder.
• Establish the connection between schizophrenia and social problems.
• How do environmental factors affect the risk of schizophrenia?
• How does a parent suffering from schizophrenia affect their children?
• How do such complications as poor nutrition may influence the schizophrenia diagnosis?
• Psychodiagnostics in Schizophrenia Case.
• What is the connection between age and schizophrenia?
• How do such disorders as OCD relate to schizophrenia?
• What is the connection between neurological soft signs and symptoms of schizophrenia?
• How does disorganized thinking affect social anxiety and withdrawal?
• Disease Models and Social Learning Therapy.
• Is there a correlation between hormonal cycles and the occurrence of schizophrenia?
• How does schizophrenic disorder affect IQ and neurocognition in general?
• Is there an interdependence between delusions and hallucinations in the case of schizophrenia?
• How can one compare schizophrenic symptoms among teens and adults?
• Usher Syndrome and Mental Illness Relationship.
• How is a schizophrenic disorder linked with suicidal thoughts?
• Is there a connection between social disorders and victimization practices?
• How do mind-altering substances relate to schizophrenic disorder?
• How do rapid cycling episodes relate to the bipolar disorder experience?
• Strategies for Students With ADHD.
• What is the relation between lithium intake and suicide rate reduction among those with bipolar disorder?
• How do deaths from natural causes connect with bipolar disorder?
• In which way can family-focused therapy influence the treatment of manic depression?

Racism, Discrimination, Hate Crimes

• How does racism affect mental health?
• Racism in the 20th and 21st century: the difference.
• How does racism work in world medicine?
• Racism in the USA and South Africa: fundamental contrasts.
• Racial Discrimination and Educational Gap.
• How does social experience affect racial bias?
• Combating racism and the oppression of whites: the correlation.
• How does the brain deal with racism?
• Does anti-racism lead to a split in society?
• Modern racism versus past racism: similarities and differences.
• The Myth of Multiculturalism in Canada.
• How do social networks influence the fight against racism?
• What significant similarities do racial and gender biases have?
• How does racism affect the quality of life?
• The difference between internalized racism and interpersonal racism.
• Racial Happiness and Anti-Racism.
• Men and Women: wage gap in the world.
• What is the contradiction between discrimination and intolerance?
• Women and men: inequality in the labor market.
• How does the digital economy affect gender inequality?
• Mental Illness in Black Community in South Africa.
• Young workers or age-related: who faces discrimination the most?
• Employment without discrimination: myth or reality?
• The contrast between direct and indirect discrimination.
• Comparison of age discrimination with gender discrimination.
• Healthcare Disparities for African Americans.
• “Black Lives Matter” and “MeToo:” Interrelation.
• The discrepancy between traditional male and female roles.
• Is the level of discrimination in the world growing or falling?
• People’s reactions to sexist and racist jokes.
• Discrimination Against Girls in Canada.
• What is the contradiction between same-sex and traditional marriages?
• Correlation between LGBT and Hate Crimes.
• How does racism affect Hate Crimes?
• Hate Crimes in the West and East: the ratio.
• The Black Lives Matter Movement: Aims and Outcomes.
• How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected Hate Crimes?
• What are the main factors affecting the increase in Hate Crimes?
• The influence of the media on prejudice against social minorities.
• Xenophobia and hate crimes: the connection.
• Racial Inequality, Poverty, and Gentrification in Durham, North Carolina.
• How do US laws affect the situation with hate crimes?
• Upbringing vs. social environment: a more significant influence on racism.
• On what grounds do Hate Crimes occur more often: religion or race?
• Do political or social changes have the most impact on Hate Crimes?
• Asking About Sexual Orientation of Patients in Healthcare.
• The impact of political intimidation on the Hate Crimes situation.
• Terrorism and Hate Crimes: similarities.
• The history of changing women’s inequality.

🚴 Sports & Health Psychology Correlational Topics

• A coach and a psychologist: Whose help is more effective?
• Can a coach replace a psychologist?
• Features of children-athletes of preschool and school age.
• The influence of sports on the manifestation of aggression.
• The Impact of Human Resources Management on Healthcare Quality.
• Why is the cooperation of a coach and a psychologist ineffective?
• What is the difference between fear and anxiety in sports activities?
• How to help an athlete cope with pre-start apathy?
• How to set up an athlete for the next performance after a defeat?
• Patient, Family, or Population Health Problem Solution.
• Is friendship possible in sports?
• Can sports help to cope with aggression?
• Common signs of a successful and unsuccessful athlete.
• Satisfaction with the process or result in sports: which is better?
• Why People Exercise.
• Correlation between loss and acquisition of personal resources in sports.
• Is it helpful to fear in sports or not?
• External and internal expression of fear: difference.
• Crises of competition and training process: interrelation.
• Exercising at Home vs. Exercising at the Gym.
• The ratio of life expectancy in the 21st and 20th centuries.
• Are cancer or heart disease the most common causes of death in the United States?
• Does psychological death affect biological death?
• The prevalence of hospices in the United States and Britain.
• Healthcare Types Accessible to Any Individual.
• The impact of palliative care on a patient’s perception of death.
• Is sports motivation or team building the best strategy for solving problems in sports?
• Does moderate daily exercise make a difference in the hygiene of old age?
• Is relaxation the central link of autogenic training?
• Advantages of Physical Exercise for Good Health.
• Physical fitness – an external manifestation of the level of physical activity?
• The relationship between mental and physiological stress in sports.
• Does sport have a significant influence on personality formation?
• Team and individual sports: interrelation and difference.
• Common Health Traditions of Cultural Heritage.
• Sports and physical education: what is the most significant influence on the psychological state of a person?
• Do professional athletes experience fears?
• An Individual’s Passion: The Ideas of Mental Health Care.
• At what age is it advisable for an athlete to start working with a psychologist?
• How does sport ensure the mental health of young athletes?
• How to set up a child for the training process?
• What are the features of the manifestation of fear in sports?
• Health Care Coverage in the USA.
• How to combine academic activities at school and training?
• How to form an interest in sports among children of 8-10 years old?
• What should a coach do to prevent emotional burnout?
• How to develop attention in athletes?
• How to form moral behavior in an athlete?

💢 Correlational Research Topics on Violence & Sexual Abuse

• Is violence an attempt to gain power over others?
• Prevalence of sexual abuse among women and girls.
• Sexual contact without consent and date rape: similarities.
• The ratio of rape among heterosexuals and bisexuals.
• Victimology: Definition of the Concept.
• Physical or mental violence: relationships.
• Do external factors provoke impulsive aggression?
• Are employees often silent or report harassment to management?
• The proper reaction to aggression: showing calmness or rebuffing?
• Nursing Practice and Violence Reporting.
• Micro and Macro causes of violence: correlation.
• Do victims of sexual criminals trust the legal system?
• Sexual assaults on whites and blacks: degree of punishment.
• Is childhood sexual abuse commonplace in the US?
• Domestic Violence and COVID-19 Relation.
• Correlation between PTSD and depression in sexual violence survivors.
• Sexual dysfunction and fertility problems: Connections.
• Are psychological or neurological processes most underlying aggression?
• Does sexual violence cause addiction?
• Gender-Based Violence Against Women and Girls.
• Does the lack of empathy affect aggression manifestation?
• Relationship between cases of elimination and limitation of violence.
• Correlation between physical punishment and sexual abuse of children.
• Violence against children by the States and the USA: scales.
• Violence in Mass Communication and Behavior.
• The root causes of violence against women and men.
• Is envy often the cause of bullying in collectives?
• Degree of the relationship between violence and force.
• Cases of violence before COVID-19 and after.
• Media Violence Effect and Desensitization of Children.
• Violence against women and gender inequality: relationships.
• Are the vast majority of abusers men?
• Can psychological violence turn into physical violence?
• Is psychological violence more common in the family or at work?
• Are abusers depressed people?
• Child Abuse in the United States.
• Are all people capable of violence, or only some?
• What is the probability that someone who committed violence will do it again?
• The boundaries between permissible self-defense and crime.
• Consequences of violence against women and girls.
• Sexual violence and sexual harassment: differences.
• Health Determinants Among Sexually Active High-Risk Adolescents.
• Do strangers commit most sexual assaults?
• Is sexual violence a crime of passion?
• Is the victim of the crime irreversibly damaged?
• The relationship between shared feelings and the consequences experienced by survivors.
• Sexual violence against men and women: the ratio of crimes.
• Sexual violence among primary school children and adolescents: connections.

🧑‍💼 Correlational Research Topics on Workplace Psychology

• Interpersonal relationships and dynamics of working culture: Impacts.
• The relation between industrial and organizational psychology.
• Content and process theories of motivation: the ratio.
• Is money the only motivating factor in work?
• Material or non-material motivation: which is better?
• The Effects of Workplace Conflict on Nurses’ Working Environment.
• Is Maslow’s theory relevant in the workplace?
• Are theories of motivation based on employee needs concepts?
• Are individual needs the primary motivator of leaders’ ideas?
• Distinctive characteristics of moral and material encouragement.
• When Work Is Punishment?
• Do the majority of managers have leadership qualities?
• Liberal and democratic leadership style: similarities.
• Does the democratic style determine subordinates’ professional growth?
• Advantages of combining leadership and management skills.
• Workplace Incivility in Healthcare Facilities.
• What is the relationship between power and leadership?
• The working environment and staff turnover: interrelations.
• Does absenteeism come from a decrease in labor efficiency?
• The dismissal threat and the loyalty: degree of influence.
• Promoting a Healthy Work Environment.
• Is low labor efficiency associated with criticism of results?
• Do timing techniques help to identify standard time sinks?
• The motive power and urgency of the needs: connections.
• The organization of adequate rest and concentration: no correlation.
• Professional Burnout of Medical Workers in Ghana.
• Principle of materialization and a helpful review of tasks: Relationships.
• Chronophages then and today: comparison and difference.
• Importance and urgency: comparison of task evaluation criteria.
• The success of professional activity depends on the psyche’s mood.
• Work-Life Balance and Workplace Stress Management.
• Intellectual biorhythm and changes in professional abilities: Interrelations.
• Does self-management require self-awareness?
• Self-management determines the ability to cope with stress.
• Balance of effort and results in modern realities.
• Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace.
• Does perfectionism limit a specialist?

🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Correlational Research Topics in Psychology of Gender

• The relationship between gender and technology.
• What is the impact of sex differences on cognitive functions?
• How does gender influence dreams and aspirations?
• What effect does gender identity have on socialization?
• Gender Roles in the Context of Religion.
• How do gender stereotypes affect people’s perception of their gender?
• The relationship between sex and gender.
• What is the impact of gender identity on children’s mental well-being?
• Sex differences and experiences of pain.
• Gender Discrimination in Nursing.
• Gender roles and the battlefield.
• Gender identity concerning the idea of woman.
• How do gender differences influence the style of parenting?
• Sex differences about substance use disorders.
• Gender Discrimination after the Reemergence of the Taliban in Afghanistan.
• How does gender analysis affect science?
• How do gender differences impact self-esteem?
• The relationship between gender identity and linguistic style.
• How does gender influence job satisfaction?
• Gender Equality at the Heart of Development.
• How do sex differences impact depression?
• Gender influences on adolescent development.
• The influence of adults’ gender stereotypes on children.
• How do sex differences in school relate to gender identity?
• The relationship between gender and emotion.
• Gender differences in terms of negotiation outcomes.
• The relationship between gender identity and coping strategies.
• Sex differences and attitudes towards love.
• Social Change and the Environment.
• The importance of gender in personality psychology.
• What is the effect of sex differences on leadership qualities?
• Sex differences in mortality rates.
• Gender Stereotypes of Superheroes.
• How do gender stereotypes impact school performance?
• The impact of sex differences on influence tactics.
• How does sex impact the immune response?

🏫 Education, Learning, Memory Correlational Research Topics

• How might memory limitations hamper learning opportunities?
• What is the correlation between low education and memory decline?
• Working memory’s role in childhood education.
• The relationship between brain activity and education.
• Comparing Human Memory to the Working of a Computer.
• The effects of collaboration on learning outcomes.
• The effects of education on immediate memory.
• The improvement of memory functions through education programs.
• How does the teacher-student relationship affect student engagement?
• Amnesic: Symptoms and Treatment.
• Cognitively normal people and their memory functioning.
• Individual differences and their role in learning.
• How are rates of memory decline connected to education?
• The effects of problem-based learning on medical education.
• The Significance of Ethics and Ethical Education in Daily Life.
• Children with visual impairments and their ways of learning.
• The relationship between students’ temperament and learning behaviors.
• How does the modern-age education system affect memory?
• Problem behaviors and the role of students’ gender differences.
• Transformational Leadership in Nursing Education.
• The speed of information processing and its effects on memory.
• The relationship between language and semantic memory.
• The practices of memory in history education.
• Episodic memory in contemporary educational psychology.
• Patient Education and Healthcare Professionals’ Role.
• How does retrieval contribute to learning?
• The correlation between active learning and enhanced memory.
• People with learning disabilities and memory difficulties.
• The impact of emotion on learning.
• Health Education and Promotion in Community.
• Short-term memory’s role in language learning.
• The relationship between personality characteristics and learning outcomes.
• How does drug abuse impact memory?
• The function of gesture concerning learning.
• Customized Education Effect on Readmissions of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure.
• How can music improve memory?
• The role of relationships in students’ academic success.
• The implications of learning under stress for educational settings.
• The pandemic’s impact on academic motivation.
• Mathematical Skills in Early Childhood Education.
• Digital storytelling and its effects on visual memory.
• Working memory in the context of science education.
• Working memory and learning difficulties.
• The effects of bilingualism on memory.
• Online Social Networks in Education.
• Sensory learning styles and their impact on learning.
• How did the COVID-19 crisis affect doctoral students?
• What effect do teachers’ beliefs and values have on their teaching?
• The relationship between problem-solving and motivation to learn.
• Technology in Education: Mixed-Methods Design.

💒 Marriage & Relationships Correlational Topics

• The impact of previous relationships on marriage.
• How do romantic relationships affect health?
• The connection between sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction.
• The correlation between individual strength and relationship satisfaction.
• Same-Sex Marriage Research Paper.
• Same-sex marriage and people’s understanding of same-sex relationships.
• The relationship between gender role attitudes and marriage expectations.
• How does marriage change people’s relationships with their parents?
• Relationship education and a couple’s communication skills.
• Same-Sex Marriages Justification and Human Rights.
• The relationship between marriage and drug use.
• The impact of rape in marriage on mental health.
• Emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction.
• Gender role attitudes and division of household labor in marriage.
• Millennials Say Marriage Ideal but Parenthood the Priority.
• How does a transition from cohabitation to marriage affect a relationship?
• The impact of religion on marriage.
• A spouse’s gender and their assessment of marital satisfaction.
• The correlation between wedding spending and marriage duration.
• Gay Marriage: Disputes and the Ethical Dilemma.
• The effects of sexual timing on relationships
• How does a marriage influence ego development?
• The lack of argumentative skills and marriage quality.
• The connection between marriage and individualism.
• Marriage and Family in America.
• What is the effect of economic factors on relationship quality?
• How is marriage strength affected by relationship enrichment programs?
• The relationship between child marriage and domestic violence.
• Neuroticism and marital satisfaction.
• Relationships: Importance and Impacts.
• Household income and relationship satisfaction.
• The relationship between a wife’s employment and marriage quality.
• What is the correlation between relationship quality and sleep quality?
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• Published: 02 December 2020

Enhancing senior high school student engagement and academic performance using an inclusive and scalable inquiry-based program

• Locke Davenport Huyer   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-7122 1 , 2   na1 ,
• Neal I. Callaghan   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-3395 1 , 3   na1 ,
• Sara Dicks 4 ,
• Edward Scherer 4 ,
• Andrey I. Shukalyuk 1 ,
• Margaret Jou 4 &
• Dawn M. Kilkenny   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-9767 1 , 5  

npj Science of Learning volume  5 , Article number:  17 ( 2020 ) Cite this article

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The multi-disciplinary nature of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers often renders difficulty for high school students navigating from classroom knowledge to post-secondary pursuits. Discrepancies between the knowledge-based high school learning approach and the experiential approach of future studies leaves some students disillusioned by STEM. We present Discovery , a term-long inquiry-focused learning model delivered by STEM graduate students in collaboration with high school teachers, in the context of biomedical engineering. Entire classes of high school STEM students representing diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds engaged in iterative, problem-based learning designed to emphasize critical thinking concomitantly within the secondary school and university environments. Assessment of grades and survey data suggested positive impact of this learning model on students’ STEM interests and engagement, notably in under-performing cohorts, as well as repeating cohorts that engage in the program on more than one occasion. Discovery presents a scalable platform that stimulates persistence in STEM learning, providing valuable learning opportunities and capturing cohorts of students that might otherwise be under-engaged in STEM.

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Introduction.

High school students with diverse STEM interests often struggle to understand the STEM experience outside the classroom 1 . The multi-disciplinary nature of many career fields can foster a challenge for students in their decision to enroll in appropriate high school courses while maintaining persistence in study, particularly when these courses are not mandatory 2 . Furthermore, this challenge is amplified by the known discrepancy between the knowledge-based learning approach common in high schools and the experiential, mastery-based approaches afforded by the subsequent undergraduate model 3 . In the latter, focused classes, interdisciplinary concepts, and laboratory experiences allow for the application of accumulated knowledge, practice in problem solving, and development of both general and technical skills 4 . Such immersive cooperative learning environments are difficult to establish in the secondary school setting and high school teachers often struggle to implement within their classroom 5 . As such, high school students may become disillusioned before graduation and never experience an enriched learning environment, despite their inherent interests in STEM 6 .

It cannot be argued that early introduction to varied math and science disciplines throughout high school is vital if students are to pursue STEM fields, especially within engineering 7 . However, the majority of literature focused on student interest and retention in STEM highlights outcomes in US high school learning environments, where the sciences are often subject-specific from the onset of enrollment 8 . In contrast, students in the Ontario (Canada) high school system are required to complete Level 1 and 2 core courses in science and math during Grades 9 and 10; these courses are offered as ‘applied’ or ‘academic’ versions and present broad topics of content 9 . It is not until Levels 3 and 4 (generally Grades 11 and 12, respectively) that STEM classes become subject-specific (i.e., Biology, Chemistry, and/or Physics) and are offered as “university”, “college”, or “mixed” versions, designed to best prepare students for their desired post-secondary pursuits 9 . Given that Levels 3 and 4 science courses are not mandatory for graduation, enrollment identifies an innate student interest in continued learning. Furthermore, engagement in these post-secondary preparatory courses is also dependent upon achieving successful grades in preceding courses, but as curriculum becomes more subject-specific, students often yield lower degrees of success in achieving course credit 2 . Therefore, it is imperative that learning supports are best focused on ensuring that those students with an innate interest are able to achieve success in learning.

When given opportunity and focused support, high school students are capable of successfully completing rigorous programs at STEM-focused schools 10 . Specialized STEM schools have existed in the US for over 100 years; generally, students are admitted after their sophomore year of high school experience (equivalent to Grade 10) based on standardized test scores, essays, portfolios, references, and/or interviews 11 . Common elements to this learning framework include a diverse array of advanced STEM courses, paired with opportunities to engage in and disseminate cutting-edge research 12 . Therein, said research experience is inherently based in the processes of critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration. This learning framework supports translation of core curricular concepts to practice and is fundamental in allowing students to develop better understanding and appreciation of STEM career fields.

Despite the described positive attributes, many students do not have the ability or resources to engage within STEM-focused schools, particularly given that they are not prevalent across Canada, and other countries across the world. Consequently, many public institutions support the idea that post-secondary led engineering education programs are effective ways to expose high school students to engineering education and relevant career options, and also increase engineering awareness 13 . Although singular class field trips are used extensively to accomplish such programs, these may not allow immersive experiences for application of knowledge and practice of skills that are proven to impact long-term learning and influence career choices 14 , 15 . Longer-term immersive research experiences, such as after-school programs or summer camps, have shown successful at recruiting students into STEM degree programs and careers, where longevity of experience helps foster self-determination and interest-led, inquiry-based projects 4 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 .

Such activities convey the elements that are suggested to make a post-secondary led high school education programs successful: hands-on experience, self-motivated learning, real-life application, immediate feedback, and problem-based projects 20 , 21 . In combination with immersion in university teaching facilities, learning is authentic and relevant, similar to the STEM school-focused framework, and consequently representative of an experience found in actual STEM practice 22 . These outcomes may further be a consequence of student engagement and attitude: Brown et al. studied the relationships between STEM curriculum and student attitudes, and found the latter played a more important role in intention to persist in STEM when compared to self-efficacy 23 . This is interesting given that student self-efficacy has been identified to influence ‘motivation, persistence, and determination’ in overcoming challenges in a career pathway 24 . Taken together, this suggests that creation and delivery of modern, exciting curriculum that supports positive student attitudes is fundamental to engage and retain students in STEM programs.

Supported by the outcomes of identified effective learning strategies, University of Toronto (U of T) graduate trainees created a novel high school education program Discovery , to develop a comfortable yet stimulating environment of inquiry-focused iterative learning for senior high school students (Grades 11 & 12; Levels 3 & 4) at non-specialized schools. Built in strong collaboration with science teachers from George Harvey Collegiate Institute (Toronto District School Board), Discovery stimulates application of STEM concepts within a unique term-long applied curriculum delivered iteratively within both U of T undergraduate teaching facilities and collaborating high school classrooms 25 . Based on the volume of medically-themed news and entertainment that is communicated to the population at large, the rapidly-growing and diverse field of biomedical engineering (BME) were considered an ideal program context 26 . In its definition, BME necessitates cross-disciplinary STEM knowledge focused on the betterment of human health, wherein Discovery facilitates broadening student perspective through engaging inquiry-based projects. Importantly, Discovery allows all students within a class cohort to work together with their classroom teacher, stimulating continued development of a relevant learning community that is deemed essential for meaningful context and important for transforming student perspectives and understandings 27 , 28 . Multiple studies support the concept that relevant learning communities improve student attitudes towards learning, significantly increasing student motivation in STEM courses, and consequently improving the overall learning experience 29 . Learning communities, such as that provided by Discovery , also promote the formation of self-supporting groups, greater active involvement in class, and higher persistence rates for participating students 30 .

The objective of Discovery , through structure and dissemination, is to engage senior high school science students in challenging, inquiry-based practical BME activities as a mechanism to stimulate comprehension of STEM curriculum application to real-world concepts. Consequent focus is placed on critical thinking skill development through an atmosphere of perseverance in ambiguity, something not common in a secondary school knowledge-focused delivery but highly relevant in post-secondary STEM education strategies. Herein, we describe the observed impact of the differential project-based learning environment of Discovery on student performance and engagement. We identify the value of an inquiry-focused learning model that is tangible for students who struggle in a knowledge-focused delivery structure, where engagement in conceptual critical thinking in the relevant subject area stimulates student interest, attitudes, and resulting academic performance. Assessment of study outcomes suggests that when provided with a differential learning opportunity, student performance and interest in STEM increased. Consequently, Discovery provides an effective teaching and learning framework within a non-specialized school that motivates students, provides opportunity for critical thinking and problem-solving practice, and better prepares them for persistence in future STEM programs.

Program delivery

The outcomes of the current study result from execution of Discovery over five independent academic terms as a collaboration between Institute of Biomedical Engineering (graduate students, faculty, and support staff) and George Harvey Collegiate Institute (science teachers and administration) stakeholders. Each term, the program allowed senior secondary STEM students (Grades 11 and 12) opportunity to engage in a novel project-based learning environment. The program structure uses the problem-based engineering capstone framework as a tool of inquiry-focused learning objectives, motivated by a central BME global research topic, with research questions that are inter-related but specific to the curriculum of each STEM course subject (Fig. 1 ). Over each 12-week term, students worked in teams (3–4 students) within their class cohorts to execute projects with the guidance of U of T trainees ( Discovery instructors) and their own high school teacher(s). Student experimental work was conducted in U of T teaching facilities relevant to the research study of interest (i.e., Biology and Chemistry-based projects executed within Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories; Physics projects executed within Undergraduate Design Studios). Students were introduced to relevant techniques and safety procedures in advance of iterative experimentation. Importantly, this experience served as a course term project for students, who were assessed at several points throughout the program for performance in an inquiry-focused environment as well as within the regular classroom (Fig. 1 ). To instill the atmosphere of STEM, student teams delivered their outcomes in research poster format at a final symposium, sharing their results and recommendations with other post-secondary students, faculty, and community in an open environment.

The general program concept (blue background; top left ) highlights a global research topic examined through student dissemination of subject-specific research questions, yielding multifaceted student outcomes (orange background; top right ). Each program term (term workflow, yellow background; bottom panel ), students work on program deliverables in class (blue), iterate experimental outcomes within university facilities (orange), and are assessed accordingly at numerous deliverables in an inquiry-focused learning model.

Over the course of five terms there were 268 instances of tracked student participation, representing 170 individual students. Specifically, 94 students participated during only one term of programming, 57 students participated in two terms, 16 students participated in three terms, and 3 students participated in four terms. Multiple instances of participation represent students that enrol in more than one STEM class during their senior years of high school, or who participated in Grade 11 and subsequently Grade 12. Students were surveyed before and after each term to assess program effects on STEM interest and engagement. All grade-based assessments were performed by high school teachers for their respective STEM class cohorts using consistent grading rubrics and assignment structure. Here, we discuss the outcomes of student involvement in this experiential curriculum model.

Student performance and engagement

Student grades were assigned, collected, and anonymized by teachers for each Discovery deliverable (background essay, client meeting, proposal, progress report, poster, and final presentation). Teachers anonymized collective Discovery grades, the component deliverable grades thereof, final course grades, attendance in class and during programming, as well as incomplete classroom assignments, for comparative study purposes. Students performed significantly higher in their cumulative Discovery grade than in their cumulative classroom grade (final course grade less the Discovery contribution; p  < 0.0001). Nevertheless, there was a highly significant correlation ( p  < 0.0001) observed between the grade representing combined Discovery deliverables and the final course grade (Fig. 2a ). Further examination of the full dataset revealed two student cohorts of interest: the “Exceeds Expectations” (EE) subset (defined as those students who achieved ≥1 SD [18.0%] grade differential in Discovery over their final course grade; N  = 99 instances), and the “Multiple Term” (MT) subset (defined as those students who participated in Discovery more than once; 76 individual students that collectively accounted for 174 single terms of assessment out of the 268 total student-terms delivered) (Fig. 2b, c ). These subsets were not unrelated; 46 individual students who had multiple experiences (60.5% of total MTs) exhibited at least one occasion in achieving a ≥18.0% grade differential. As students participated in group work, there was concern that lower-performing students might negatively influence the Discovery grade of higher-performing students (or vice versa). However, students were observed to self-organize into groups where all individuals received similar final overall course grades (Fig. 2d ), thereby alleviating these concerns.

a Linear regression of student grades reveals a significant correlation ( p  = 0.0009) between Discovery performance and final course grade less the Discovery contribution to grade, as assessed by teachers. The dashed red line and intervals represent the theoretical 1:1 correlation between Discovery and course grades and standard deviation of the Discovery -course grade differential, respectively. b , c Identification of subgroups of interest, Exceeds Expectations (EE; N  = 99, orange ) who were ≥+1 SD in Discovery -course grade differential and Multi-Term (MT; N  = 174, teal ), of which N  = 65 students were present in both subgroups. d Students tended to self-assemble in working groups according to their final course performance; data presented as mean ± SEM. e For MT students participating at least 3 terms in Discovery , there was no significant correlation between course grade and time, while ( f ) there was a significant correlation between Discovery grade and cumulative terms in the program. Histograms of total absences per student in ( g ) Discovery and ( h ) class (binned by 4 days to be equivalent in time to a single Discovery absence).

The benefits experienced by MT students seemed progressive; MT students that participated in 3 or 4 terms ( N  = 16 and 3, respectively ) showed no significant increase by linear regression in their course grade over time ( p  = 0.15, Fig. 2e ), but did show a significant increase in their Discovery grades ( p  = 0.0011, Fig. 2f ). Finally, students demonstrated excellent Discovery attendance; at least 91% of participants attended all Discovery sessions in a given term (Fig. 2g ). In contrast, class attendance rates reveal a much wider distribution where 60.8% (163 out of 268 students) missed more than 4 classes (equivalent in learning time to one Discovery session) and 14.6% (39 out of 268 students) missed 16 or more classes (equivalent in learning time to an entire program of Discovery ) in a term (Fig. 2h ).

Discovery EE students (Fig. 3 ), roughly by definition, obtained lower course grades ( p  < 0.0001, Fig. 3a ) and higher final Discovery grades ( p  = 0.0004, Fig. 3b ) than non-EE students. This cohort of students exhibited program grades higher than classmates (Fig. 3c–h ); these differences were significant in every category with the exception of essays, where they outperformed to a significantly lesser degree ( p  = 0.097; Fig. 3c ). There was no statistically significant difference in EE vs. non-EE student classroom attendance ( p  = 0.85; Fig. 3i, j ). There were only four single day absences in Discovery within the EE subset; however, this difference was not statistically significant ( p  = 0.074).

The “Exceeds Expectations” (EE) subset of students (defined as those who received a combined Discovery grade ≥1 SD (18.0%) higher than their final course grade) performed ( a ) lower on their final course grade and ( b ) higher in the Discovery program as a whole when compared to their classmates. d – h EE students received significantly higher grades on each Discovery deliverable than their classmates, except for their ( c ) introductory essays and ( h ) final presentations. The EE subset also tended ( i ) to have a higher relative rate of attendance during Discovery sessions but no difference in ( j ) classroom attendance. N  = 99 EE students and 169 non-EE students (268 total). Grade data expressed as mean ± SEM.

Discovery MT students (Fig. 4 ), although not receiving significantly higher grades in class than students participating in the program only one time ( p  = 0.29, Fig. 4a ), were observed to obtain higher final Discovery grades than single-term students ( p  = 0.0067, Fig. 4b ). Although trends were less pronounced for individual MT student deliverables (Fig. 4c–h ), this student group performed significantly better on the progress report ( p  = 0.0021; Fig. 4f ). Trends of higher performance were observed for initial proposals and final presentations ( p  = 0.081 and 0.056, respectively; Fig. 4e, h ); all other deliverables were not significantly different between MT and non-MT students (Fig. 4c, d, g ). Attendance in Discovery ( p  = 0.22) was also not significantly different between MT and non-MT students, although MT students did miss significantly less class time ( p  = 0.010) (Fig. 4i, j ). Longitudinal assessment of individual deliverables for MT students that participated in three or more Discovery terms (Fig. 5 ) further highlights trend in improvement (Fig. 2f ). Greater performance over terms of participation was observed for essay ( p  = 0.0295, Fig. 5a ), client meeting ( p  = 0.0003, Fig. 5b ), proposal ( p  = 0.0004, Fig. 5c ), progress report ( p  = 0.16, Fig. 5d ), poster ( p  = 0.0005, Fig. 5e ), and presentation ( p  = 0.0295, Fig. 5f ) deliverable grades; these trends were all significant with the exception of the progress report ( p  = 0.16, Fig. 5d ) owing to strong performance in this deliverable in all terms.

The “multi-term” (MT) subset of students (defined as having attended more than one term of Discovery ) demonstrated favorable performance in Discovery , ( a ) showing no difference in course grade compared to single-term students, but ( b outperforming them in final Discovery grade. Independent of the number of times participating in Discovery , MT students did not score significantly differently on their ( c ) essay, ( d ) client meeting, or ( g ) poster. They tended to outperform their single-term classmates on the ( e ) proposal and ( h ) final presentation and scored significantly higher on their ( f ) progress report. MT students showed no statistical difference in ( i ) Discovery attendance but did show ( j ) higher rates of classroom attendance than single-term students. N  = 174 MT instances of student participation (76 individual students) and 94 single-term students. Grade data expressed as mean ± SEM.

Longitudinal assessment of a subset of MT student participants that participated in three ( N  = 16) or four ( N  = 3) terms presents a significant trend of improvement in their ( a ) essay, ( b ) client meeting, ( c ) proposal, ( e ) poster, and ( f ) presentation grade. d Progress report grades present a trend in improvement but demonstrate strong performance in all terms, limiting potential for student improvement. Grade data are presented as individual student performance; each student is represented by one color; data is fitted with a linear trendline (black).

Finally, the expansion of Discovery to a second school of lower LOI (i.e., nominally higher aggregate SES) allowed for the assessment of program impact in a new population over 2 terms of programming. A significant ( p  = 0.040) divergence in Discovery vs. course grade distribution from the theoretical 1:1 relationship was found in the new cohort (S 1 Appendix , Fig. S 1 ), in keeping with the pattern established in this study.

Teacher perceptions

Qualitative observation in the classroom by high school teachers emphasized the value students independently placed on program participation and deliverables. Throughout the term, students often prioritized Discovery group assignments over other tasks for their STEM courses, regardless of academic weight and/or due date. Comparing within this student population, teachers spoke of difficulties with late and incomplete assignments in the regular curriculum but found very few such instances with respect to Discovery -associated deliverables. Further, teachers speculated on the good behavior and focus of students in Discovery programming in contrast to attentiveness and behavior issues in their school classrooms. Multiple anecdotal examples were shared of renewed perception of student potential; students that exhibited poor academic performance in the classroom often engaged with high performance in this inquiry-focused atmosphere. Students appeared to take a sense of ownership, excitement, and pride in the setting of group projects oriented around scientific inquiry, discovery, and dissemination.

Student perceptions

Students were asked to consider and rank the academic difficulty (scale of 1–5, with 1 = not challenging and 5 = highly challenging) of the work they conducted within the Discovery learning model. Considering individual Discovery terms, at least 91% of students felt the curriculum to be sufficiently challenging with a 3/5 or higher ranking (Term 1: 87.5%, Term 2: 93.4%, Term 3: 85%, Term 4: 93.3%, Term 5: 100%), and a minimum of 58% of students indicating a 4/5 or higher ranking (Term 1: 58.3%, Term 2: 70.5%, Term 3: 67.5%, Term 4: 69.1%, Term 5: 86.4%) (Fig. 6a ).

a Histogram of relative frequency of perceived Discovery programming academic difficulty ranked from not challenging (1) to highly challenging (5) for each session demonstrated the consistently perceived high degree of difficulty for Discovery programming (total responses: 223). b Program participation increased student comfort (94.6%) with navigating lab work in a university or college setting (total responses: 220). c Considering participation in Discovery programming, students indicated their increased (72.4%) or decreased (10.1%) likelihood to pursue future experiences in STEM as a measure of program impact (total responses: 217). d Large majority of participating students (84.9%) indicated their interest for future participation in Discovery (total responses: 212). Students were given the opportunity to opt out of individual survey questions, partially completed surveys were included in totals.

The majority of students (94.6%) indicated they felt more comfortable with the idea of performing future work in a university STEM laboratory environment given exposure to university teaching facilities throughout the program (Fig. 6b ). Students were also queried whether they were (i) more likely, (ii) less likely, or (iii) not impacted by their experience in the pursuit of STEM in the future. The majority of participants (>82%) perceived impact on STEM interests, with 72.4% indicating they were more likely to pursue these interests in the future (Fig. 6c ). When surveyed at the end of term, 84.9% of students indicated they would participate in the program again (Fig. 6d ).

We have described an inquiry-based framework for implementing experiential STEM education in a BME setting. Using this model, we engaged 268 instances of student participation (170 individual students who participated 1–4 times) over five terms in project-based learning wherein students worked in peer-based teams under the mentorship of U of T trainees to design and execute the scientific method in answering a relevant research question. Collaboration between high school teachers and Discovery instructors allowed for high school student exposure to cutting-edge BME research topics, participation in facilitated inquiry, and acquisition of knowledge through scientific discovery. All assessments were conducted by high school teachers and constituted a fraction (10–15%) of the overall course grade, instilling academic value for participating students. As such, students exhibited excitement to learn as well as commitment to their studies in the program.

Through our observations and analysis, we suggest there is value in differential learning environments for students that struggle in a knowledge acquisition-focused classroom setting. In general, we observed a high level of academic performance in Discovery programming (Fig. 2a ), which was highlighted exceptionally in EE students who exhibited greater academic performance in Discovery deliverables compared to normal coursework (>18% grade improvement in relevant deliverables). We initially considered whether this was the result of strong students influencing weaker students; however, group organization within each course suggests this is not the case (Fig. 2d ). With the exception of one class in one term (24 participants assigned by their teacher), students were allowed to self-organize into working groups and they chose to work with other students of relatively similar academic performance (as indicated by course grade), a trend observed in other studies 31 , 32 . Remarkably, EE students not only excelled during Discovery when compared to their own performance in class, but this cohort also achieved significantly higher average grades in each of the deliverables throughout the program when compared to the remaining Discovery cohort (Fig. 3 ). This data demonstrates the value of an inquiry-based learning environment compared to knowledge-focused delivery in the classroom in allowing students to excel. We expect that part of this engagement was resultant of student excitement with a novel learning opportunity. It is however a well-supported concept that students who struggle in traditional settings tend to demonstrate improved interest and motivation in STEM when given opportunity to interact in a hands-on fashion, which supports our outcomes 4 , 33 . Furthermore, these outcomes clearly represent variable student learning styles, where some students benefit from a greater exchange of information, knowledge and skills in a cooperative learning environment 34 . The performance of the EE group may not be by itself surprising, as the identification of the subset by definition required high performers in Discovery who did not have exceptionally high course grades; in addition, the final Discovery grade is dependent on the component assignment grades. However, the discrepancies between EE and non-EE groups attendance suggests that students were engaged by Discovery in a way that they were not by regular classroom curriculum.

In addition to quantified engagement in Discovery observed in academic performance, we believe remarkable attendance rates are indicative of the value students place in the differential learning structure. Given the differences in number of Discovery days and implications of missing one day of regular class compared to this immersive program, we acknowledge it is challenging to directly compare attendance data and therefore approximate this comparison with consideration of learning time equivalence. When combined with other subjective data including student focus, requests to work on Discovery during class time, and lack of discipline/behavior issues, the attendance data importantly suggests that students were especially engaged by the Discovery model. Further, we believe the increased commute time to the university campus (students are responsible for independent transit to campus, a much longer endeavour than the normal school commute), early program start time, and students’ lack of familiarity with the location are non-trivial considerations when determining the propensity of students to participate enthusiastically in Discovery . We feel this suggests the students place value on this team-focused learning and find it to be more applicable and meaningful to their interests.

Given post-secondary admission requirements for STEM programs, it would be prudent to think that students participating in multiple STEM classes across terms are the ones with the most inherent interest in post-secondary STEM programs. The MT subset, representing students who participated in Discovery for more than one term, averaged significantly higher final Discovery grades. The increase in the final Discovery grade was observed to result from a general confluence of improved performance over multiple deliverables and a continuous effort to improve in a STEM curriculum. This was reflected in longitudinal tracking of Discovery performance, where we observed a significant trend of improved performance. Interestingly, the high number of MT students who were included in the EE group suggests that students who had a keen interest in science enrolled in more than one course and in general responded well to the inquiry-based teaching method of Discovery , where scientific method was put into action. It stands to reason that students interested in science will continue to take STEM courses and will respond favorably to opportunities to put classroom theory to practical application.

The true value of an inquiry-based program such as Discovery may not be based in inspiring students to perform at a higher standard in STEM within the high school setting, as skills in critical thinking do not necessarily translate to knowledge-based assessment. Notably, students found the programming equally challenging throughout each of the sequential sessions, perhaps somewhat surprising considering the increasing number of repeat attendees in successive sessions (Fig. 6a ). Regardless of sub-discipline, there was an emphasis of perceived value demonstrated through student surveys where we observed indicated interest in STEM and comfort with laboratory work environments, and desire to engage in future iterations given the opportunity. Although non-quantitative, we perceive this as an indicator of significant student engagement, even though some participants did not yield academic success in the program and found it highly challenging given its ambiguity.

Although we observed that students become more certain of their direction in STEM, further longitudinal study is warranted to make claim of this outcome. Additionally, at this point in our assessment we cannot effectively assess the practical outcomes of participation, understanding that the immediate effects observed are subject to a number of factors associated with performance in the high school learning environment. Future studies that track graduates from this program will be prudent, in conjunction with an ever-growing dataset of assessment as well as surveys designed to better elucidate underlying perceptions and attitudes, to continue to understand the expected benefits of this inquiry-focused and partnered approach. Altogether, a multifaceted assessment of our early outcomes suggests significant value of an immersive and iterative interaction with STEM as part of the high school experience. A well-defined divergence from knowledge-based learning, focused on engagement in critical thinking development framed in the cutting-edge of STEM, may be an important step to broadening student perspectives.

In this study, we describe the short-term effects of an inquiry-based STEM educational experience on a cohort of secondary students attending a non-specialized school, and suggest that the framework can be widely applied across virtually all subjects where inquiry-driven and mentored projects can be undertaken. Although we have demonstrated replication in a second cohort of nominally higher SES (S 1 Appendix , Supplementary Fig. 1 ), a larger collection period with more students will be necessary to conclusively determine impact independent of both SES and specific cohort effects. Teachers may also find this framework difficult to implement depending on resources and/or institutional investment and support, particularly if post-secondary collaboration is inaccessible. Offerings to a specific subject (e.g., physics) where experiments yielding empirical data are logistically or financially simpler to perform may be valid routes of adoption as opposed to the current study where all subject cohorts were included.

As we consider Discovery in a bigger picture context, expansion and implementation of this model is translatable. Execution of the scientific method is an important aspect of citizen science, as the concepts of critical thing become ever-more important in a landscape of changing technological landscapes. Giving students critical thinking and problem-solving skills in their primary and secondary education provides value in the context of any career path. Further, we feel that this model is scalable across disciplines, STEM or otherwise, as a means of building the tools of inquiry. We have observed here the value of differential inclusive student engagement and critical thinking through an inquiry-focused model for a subset of students, but further to this an engagement, interest, and excitement across the body of student participants. As we educate the leaders of tomorrow, we suggest that use of an inquiry-focused model such as Discovery could facilitate growth of a data-driven critical thinking framework.

In conclusion, we have presented a model of inquiry-based STEM education for secondary students that emphasizes inclusion, quantitative analysis, and critical thinking. Student grades suggest significant performance benefits, and engagement data suggests positive student attitude despite the perceived challenges of the program. We also note a particular performance benefit to students who repeatedly engage in the program. This framework may carry benefits in a wide variety of settings and disciplines for enhancing student engagement and performance, particularly in non-specialized school environments.

Study design and implementation

Participants in Discovery include all students enrolled in university-stream Grade 11 or 12 biology, chemistry, or physics at the participating school over five consecutive terms (cohort summary shown in Table 1 ). Although student participation in educational content was mandatory, student grades and survey responses (administered by high school teachers) were collected from only those students with parent or guardian consent. Teachers replaced each student name with a unique coded identifier to preserve anonymity but enable individual student tracking over multiple terms. All data collected were analyzed without any exclusions save for missing survey responses; no power analysis was performed prior to data collection.

Ethics statement

This study was approved by the University of Toronto Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (Protocol # 34825) and the Toronto District School Board External Research Review Committee (Protocol # 2017-2018-20). Written informed consent was collected from parents or guardians of participating students prior to the acquisition of student data (both post-hoc academic data and survey administration). Data were anonymized by high school teachers for maintenance of academic confidentiality of individual students prior to release to U of T researchers.

Educational program overview

Students enrolled in university-preparatory STEM classes at the participating school completed a term-long project under the guidance of graduate student instructors and undergraduate student mentors as a mandatory component of their respective course. Project curriculum developed collaboratively between graduate students and participating high school teachers was delivered within U of T Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering (FASE) teaching facilities. Participation allows high school students to garner a better understanding as to how undergraduate learning and career workflows in STEM vary from traditional high school classroom learning, meanwhile reinforcing the benefits of problem solving, perseverance, teamwork, and creative thinking competencies. Given that Discovery was a mandatory component of course curriculum, students participated as class cohorts and addressed questions specific to their course subject knowledge base but related to the defined global health research topic (Fig. 1 ). Assessment of program deliverables was collectively assigned to represent 10–15% of the final course grade for each subject at the discretion of the respective STEM teacher.

The Discovery program framework was developed, prior to initiation of student assessment, in collaboration with one high school selected from the local public school board over a 1.5 year period of time. This partner school consistently scores highly (top decile) in the school board’s Learning Opportunities Index (LOI). The LOI ranks each school based on measures of external challenges affecting its student population therefore schools with the greatest level of external challenge receive a higher ranking 35 . A high LOI ranking is inversely correlated with socioeconomic status (SES); therefore, participating students are identified as having a significant number of external challenges that may affect their academic success. The mandatory nature of program participation was established to reach highly capable students who may be reluctant to engage on their own initiative, as a means of enhancing the inclusivity and impact of the program. The selected school partner is located within a reasonable geographical radius of our campus (i.e., ~40 min transit time from school to campus). This is relevant as participating students are required to independently commute to campus for Discovery hands-on experiences.

Each program term of Discovery corresponds with a five-month high school term. Lead university trainee instructors (3–6 each term) engaged with high school teachers 1–2 months in advance of high school student engagement to discern a relevant overarching global healthcare theme. Each theme was selected with consideration of (a) topics that university faculty identify as cutting-edge biomedical research, (b) expertise that Discovery instructors provide, and (c) capacity to showcase the diversity of BME. Each theme was sub-divided into STEM subject-specific research questions aligning with provincial Ministry of Education curriculum concepts for university-preparatory Biology, Chemistry, and Physics 9 that students worked to address, both on-campus and in-class, during a term-long project. The Discovery framework therefore provides students a problem-based learning experience reflective of an engineering capstone design project, including a motivating scientific problem (i.e., global topic), subject-specific research question, and systematic determination of a professional recommendation addressing the needs of the presented problem.

Discovery instructors were volunteers recruited primarily from graduate and undergraduate BME programs in the FASE. Instructors were organized into subject-specific instructional teams based on laboratory skills, teaching experience, and research expertise. The lead instructors of each subject (the identified 1–2 trainees that built curriculum with high school teachers) were responsible to organize the remaining team members as mentors for specific student groups over the course of the program term (~1:8 mentor to student ratio).

All Discovery instructors were familiarized with program expectations and trained in relevant workspace safety, in addition to engagement at a teaching workshop delivered by the Faculty Advisor (a Teaching Stream faculty member) at the onset of term. This workshop was designed to provide practical information on teaching and was co-developed with high school teachers based on their extensive training and experience in fundamental teaching methods. In addition, group mentors received hands-on training and guidance from lead instructors regarding the specific activities outlined for their respective subject programming (an exemplary term of student programming is available in S 2 Appendix) .

Discovery instructors were responsible for introducing relevant STEM skills and mentoring high school students for the duration of their projects, with support and mentorship from the Faculty Mentor. Each instructor worked exclusively throughout the term with the student groups to which they had been assigned, ensuring consistent mentorship across all disciplinary components of the project. In addition to further supporting university trainees in on-campus mentorship, high school teachers were responsible for academic assessment of all student program deliverables (Fig. 1 ; the standardized grade distribution available in S 3 Appendix ). Importantly, trainees never engaged in deliverable assessment; for continuity of overall course assessment, this remained the responsibility of the relevant teacher for each student cohort.

Throughout each term, students engaged within the university facilities four times. The first three sessions included hands-on lab sessions while the fourth visit included a culminating symposium for students to present their scientific findings (Fig. 1 ). On average, there were 4–5 groups of students per subject (3–4 students per group; ~20 students/class). Discovery instructors worked exclusively with 1–2 groups each term in the capacity of mentor to monitor and guide student progress in all project deliverables.

After introducing the selected global research topic in class, teachers led students in completion of background research essays. Students subsequently engaged in a subject-relevant skill-building protocol during their first visit to university teaching laboratory facilities, allowing opportunity to understand analysis techniques and equipment relevant for their assessment projects. At completion of this session, student groups were presented with a subject-specific research question as well as the relevant laboratory inventory available for use during their projects. Armed with this information, student groups continued to work in their classroom setting to develop group-specific experimental plans. Teachers and Discovery instructors provided written and oral feedback, respectively , allowing students an opportunity to revise their plans in class prior to on-campus experimental execution.

Once at the relevant laboratory environment, student groups executed their protocols in an effort to collect experimental data. Data analysis was performed in the classroom and students learned by trial & error to optimize their protocols before returning to the university lab for a second opportunity of data collection. All methods and data were re-analyzed in class in order for students to create a scientific poster for the purpose of study/experience dissemination. During a final visit to campus, all groups presented their findings at a research symposium, allowing students to verbally defend their process, analyses, interpretations, and design recommendations to a diverse audience including peers, STEM teachers, undergraduate and graduate university students, postdoctoral fellows and U of T faculty.

Data collection

Teachers evaluated their students on the following associated deliverables: (i) global theme background research essay; (ii) experimental plan; (iii) progress report; (iv) final poster content and presentation; and (v) attendance. For research purposes, these grades were examined individually and also as a collective Discovery program grade for each student. For students consenting to participation in the research study, all Discovery grades were anonymized by the classroom teacher before being shared with study authors. Each student was assigned a code by the teacher for direct comparison of deliverable outcomes and survey responses. All instances of “Final course grade” represent the prorated course grade without the Discovery component, to prevent confounding of quantitative analyses.

Survey instruments were used to gain insight into student attitudes and perceptions of STEM and post-secondary study, as well as Discovery program experience and impact (S 4 Appendix ). High school teachers administered surveys in the classroom only to students supported by parental permission. Pre-program surveys were completed at minimum 1 week prior to program initiation each term and exit surveys were completed at maximum 2 weeks post- Discovery term completion. Surveys results were validated using a principal component analysis (S 1 Appendix , Supplementary Fig. 2 ).

Identification and comparison of population subsets

From initial analysis, we identified two student subpopulations of particular interest: students who performed ≥1 SD [18.0%] or greater in the collective Discovery components of the course compared to their final course grade (“EE”), and students who participated in Discovery more than once (“MT”). These groups were compared individually against the rest of the respective Discovery population (“non-EE” and “non-MT”, respectively ). Additionally, MT students who participated in three or four (the maximum observed) terms of Discovery were assessed for longitudinal changes to performance in their course and Discovery grades. Comparisons were made for all Discovery deliverables (introductory essay, client meeting, proposal, progress report, poster, and presentation), final Discovery grade, final course grade, Discovery attendance, and overall attendance.

Statistical analysis

Student course grades were analyzed in all instances without the Discovery contribution (calculated from all deliverable component grades and ranging from 10 to 15% of final course grade depending on class and year) to prevent correlation. Aggregate course grades and Discovery grades were first compared by paired t-test, matching each student’s course grade to their Discovery grade for the term. Student performance in Discovery ( N  = 268 instances of student participation, comprising 170 individual students that participated 1–4 times) was initially assessed in a linear regression of Discovery grade vs. final course grade. Trends in course and Discovery performance over time for students participating 3 or 4 terms ( N  = 16 and 3 individuals, respectively ) were also assessed by linear regression. For subpopulation analysis (EE and MT, N  = 99 instances from 81 individuals and 174 instances from 76 individuals, respectively ), each dataset was tested for normality using the D’Agostino and Pearson omnibus normality test. All subgroup comparisons vs. the remaining population were performed by Mann–Whitney U -test. Data are plotted as individual points with mean ± SEM overlaid (grades), or in histogram bins of 1 and 4 days, respectively , for Discovery and class attendance. Significance was set at α ≤ 0.05.

Reporting summary

Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author DMK. These data are not publicly available due to privacy concerns of personal data according to the ethical research agreements supporting this study.

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Acknowledgements

This study has been possible due to the support of many University of Toronto trainee volunteers, including Genevieve Conant, Sherif Ramadan, Daniel Smieja, Rami Saab, Andrew Effat, Serena Mandla, Cindy Bui, Janice Wong, Dawn Bannerman, Allison Clement, Shouka Parvin Nejad, Nicolas Ivanov, Jose Cardenas, Huntley Chang, Romario Regeenes, Dr. Henrik Persson, Ali Mojdeh, Nhien Tran-Nguyen, Ileana Co, and Jonathan Rubianto. We further acknowledge the staff and administration of George Harvey Collegiate Institute and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), as well as Benjamin Rocheleau and Madeleine Rocheleau for contributions to data collation. Discovery has grown with continued support of Dean Christopher Yip (Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, U of T), and the financial support of the IBME and the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) PromoScience program (PROSC 515876-2017; IBME “Igniting Youth Curiosity in STEM” initiative co-directed by DMK and Dr. Penney Gilbert). LDH and NIC were supported by Vanier Canada graduate scholarships from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and NSERC, respectively . DMK holds a Dean’s Emerging Innovation in Teaching Professorship in the Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, U of T.

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These authors contributed equally: Locke Davenport Huyer, Neal I. Callaghan.

Authors and Affiliations

Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Locke Davenport Huyer, Neal I. Callaghan, Andrey I. Shukalyuk & Dawn M. Kilkenny

Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Locke Davenport Huyer

Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Neal I. Callaghan

George Harvey Collegiate Institute, Toronto District School Board, Toronto, ON, Canada

Sara Dicks, Edward Scherer & Margaret Jou

Institute for Studies in Transdisciplinary Engineering Education & Practice, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Dawn M. Kilkenny

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Contributions

LDH, NIC and DMK conceived the program structure, designed the study, and interpreted the data. LDH and NIC ideated programming, coordinated execution, and performed all data analysis. SD, ES, and MJ designed and assessed student deliverables, collected data, and anonymized data for assessment. SD assisted in data interpretation. AIS assisted in programming ideation and design. All authors provided feedback and approved the manuscript that was written by LDH, NIC and DMK.

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Correspondence to Dawn M. Kilkenny .

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Davenport Huyer, L., Callaghan, N.I., Dicks, S. et al. Enhancing senior high school student engagement and academic performance using an inclusive and scalable inquiry-based program. npj Sci. Learn. 5 , 17 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-020-00076-2

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AP® Psychology

Correlational study examples: ap® psychology crash course.

• The Albert Team
• Last Updated On: March 1, 2022

Do you remember what a correlational study is? Knowing the main types of psychology research is a key point for the Advanced Placement (AP) Psychology exam as it makes up for 8-10% of the content in the multiple choice and free response questions. However, understanding the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each research method is only half of mastering this subject. The other half is understanding in concrete and practical terms how the research methods have been applied to studies in different fields of psychology. In this AP® Psychology crash course review, we will see three correlational study examples that have contributed to the history of psychology, changing the way we perceive our nature, our personality, and our health.

Review: What is a Correlational Study and why is it Important?

Psychology is a science, and like any other, its knowledge must be scientifically obtained, verified and validated. For this, psychologists conduct three types of research:

• Experimental research – the most empirical type of research, where variables can be manipulated in laboratory conditions and different situations can be studied and compared to establish relations of cause and effect between variables.
• Clinical research – done through case studies under the premise that certain individual characteristics can be generalized to the rest of the population.
• Correlational research – seeks the relationship between two variables. The necessary data is gathered through surveys (questionnaires and interviews), archival research (past studies that present the data) and naturalistic observation (observation of the phenomena as they naturally happen, without intervening). The data is then statistically analyzed to verify the relationship between the variables.

The correlation between the variables is shown through a value that goes from -1.00 to +1.00. This value is called the correlational coefficient . When the correlational coefficient is close to +1.00, there is a positive correlation between the variables. In other words, an increase in X accompanies an increase in Y. When the correlational coefficient is close to -1.00, there is a negative correlation between the variables or an increase in X is followed by a decrease in Y. And when the correlational coefficient is close to 0.00 there is no relationship between the variables. The closer the value is to +1.00 or -1.00, the strongest the relationship is. We will see real examples of this later on this post.

Now, the most important thing to remember about correlational studies is that correlation does not imply causation . For example, let’s say that “marriage” has a negative correlation with “cancer,” meaning that people who are married are less likely to develop cancer throughout their lives than those who remain single. This doesn’t necessarily mean that one causes the other or that marriage directly avoids cancer. Maybe one variable does cause the other, but even if it does, in correlational studies it is not possible to determine the direction of causation or what is causing what. And it could also be that a third unknown variable is what causes the correlation. Keep this in mind as we see the correlational study examples.

You might be wondering: if correlational studies only show this – correlations – why are they important in the first place if you could just conduct an experiment manipulating the relevant variables and getting to more solid conclusions?

Indeed, the disadvantages of correlational studies are that they cannot establish causal relationships nor direction of causal influence, there is no control of the variables, they don’t explain behavior, and they could result in illusory correlations. Illusory correlation is when there is a perceived relationship between variables that does not exist, like “a higher ice cream consumption leads to higher crime rate.”

On the other hand, one of the main advantages of a correlational study is that it is a useful way to describe and analyze data especially in cases where experimental research would lead to ethical issues. Take for instance a research that aims to investigate the relationship between child abuse and coping abilities later in adulthood. You obviously can’t take a random group of healthy children and expose them to abusive or traumatic situations to compare it with a control group. In the earlier stages of psychology, researchers could get away with teaching a phobia to a baby or leading participants to think they had electrocuted someone to death and get away with it in the name of science. Such practices are no longer acceptable, and correlational studies play an important role in developing knowledge in psychology.

Other advantages are that correlational studies are usually less expensive and easier to conduct than experiments and they allow for general predictions. They can also represent the first steps in a new field of research, leading to further studies and advances.

Now that you’ve reviewed the main concepts of correlational studies and why they matter, let’s see three important research examples in different fields of psychology and understand how all of this comes to life!

Study #1: Biological Basis of Behavior – A Debate on Nature Versus Nurture

We can easily think of how our genetics influence physical traits like height, hair and eye color. But have you ever considered that your genetics might also play a big role on psychological traits like personality and interests? In 1990 psychologists Thomas Bouchard, David Lykken, and their associates investigated the influence our genes have in psychological attributes. This was hard research to accept at the time considering that for the past fifty years, psychology was mainly focused on behaviorism and how the environment determines behavior. Bouchard and Lykken’s study brought the debate of nature versus nurture back to the spotlight, determined to clarify the genes’ and the environment’s role in who we are.

For this, Bouchard and Lykken conducted a study with monozygotic twins (identical twins) who had been separated at birth and raised in different environments and compared the results with identical twins who had been raised together. Note that this is a study in which one couldn’t simply replicate the situation in laboratory conditions, so a correlational study was the best way to analyze the data of real individuals in this situation.

Bouchard and Lykken gathered a huge amount of data from each pair of twins. They used a variety of personality trait scales, aptitude and occupational interest inventories, intelligence tests, family environment scales and interviews. At the end of the first part of the research, Bouchard and Lykken had information concerning the twins’ physiological traits, intelligence, personality, psychological interests and social attitudes. Next, Bouchard and Lykken analyzed the correlation between the twins in all these fields.

The results were surprising. If the environment were responsible for individual differences, identical twins reared together should be more similar than identical twins reared apart. However, that was not what the results showed. Both categories of twins had a very similar correlational coefficient that neared +1.00. This means that regardless of having being raised in the same or different environments, each person was very similar to his twin in all traits.

Based on this we can say that genetic factors strongly influence human behavior in a variety of ways, both physiological and psychological. This could be seen as a problematic conclusion since we like to put so much importance on environmental factors like education and parenting as if that alone determined who we grow to be, what interests we develop, what careers we choose and so on. However, it is not the case for giving up on all our efforts in life thinking that eventually the genes will just take over and determine our fate.

Bouchard and Lykken emphasize that although intelligence is mainly determined by genetic factors, it can still be enhanced by experiences. Approximately 70% of intelligence is genetically determined, which means there is still 30% that can be worked on or ignored in the environment, either at home with parents or at school with teachers and mentors.

The same can be applied to the other traits. For example, even if your genes hold a natural strength towards communication skills, none of it will matter if you don’t get an opportunity in your environment to make that skill emerge and develop. Recent research on identical twins shows that the older the twins, the more similar they are. Another way to say this is that the more experiences you have, the more your genes can be expressed.

As human beings, we are determined by a combination of genetic and environmental influences. We are nature and nurture. Genes don’t mean destiny, but that doesn’t mean we can ignore their influences on our physiological and psychological characteristics. Let’s truly understand the components of our behavior and overcome the genes versus environment dichotomy.

Study #2: Personality – Who is in Control of Your Life?

Do you think your actions are what matter the most for the outcome of your life? Or do you think that external forces like fate and luck have a major influence in the paths you take? This kind of personal belief, called  locus of control , is associated with all sorts of behaviors we show in different areas of life. The locus of control and its influence on behavior was first studied by the influential psychologist and behaviorist  Julian Rotter in 1966.

Rotter proposed that the way individuals interpret what happens to them and where they put the responsibility for the events in their lives is an important part of the personality that can be used to predict tendencies in certain behaviors. When a person attributes the consequences of their behavior to factors such as luck, fate, and other greater forces, this person believes in an external locus of control . On the other hand, a person that identifies the consequences of her behavior to her own actions believes in an  internal locus of control .

To measure locus of control, Rotter developed a scale called I-E Scale, where “I” stands for “Internal” and “E” for “External.” The scale contains many pairs of statements, and the participant must choose the one that best fits his beliefs. A few examples of the pair of statements are “Many of the unhappy things in people’s lives are partly due to bad luck” versus “People’s misfortunes result from the mistakes they make,” and “Becoming a success is a matter of hard work; luck has little or nothing to do with it” versus “Getting a good job depends mainly on being in the right place at the right time.”

After measuring the locus of control of a relevant quantity of participants, Rotter analyzed the correlation between internal or external locus of control and behaviors such as gambling, persuasion, smoking and achievement motivation. His findings demonstrated that:

• External individuals are more likely to gamble on risky bets while internal individuals prefer “sure things” and moderate odds on the long run.

• Internal individuals are more efficient on persuading peers to change their attitudes and more resistant to manipulation than external individuals.

• Because an internal locus of control is related to self-control, smokers tend to be significantly more external oriented. Those who successfully quit smoking are more internally oriented.

• Internal individuals are more motivated to achieve success than those who believe their lives are ruled by forces outside of their control. Examples of achievements included plans to attend college and time spent on homework.

So translating into terms of correlational studies, there was, for example, a strong correlation between “internal locus of control” and “achievement motivation,” as the correlation coefficient between these two variables neared +1.00.

Furthermore, Rotter identified three sources for the development of an external or internal locus of control: cultural differences, socioeconomic differences, and parenting style. In conclusion, Rotter proposed that locus of control is an important component of personality that explains the differences in behavior between two people who are faced with the same situation. This belief determines the way we interpret the consequences of our behavior and influences the actions we take in our lives.

Study #3: Motivation and Emotion – The Effects of Stress on Our Health

Nowadays it’s almost common sense that stress has an impact on our health, but this was not always an easily accepted idea. In 1967, Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe  studied the correlation between stress and illness. This was a psychosomatic  research because it studied the connection between psychological factors and physical problems.

Since it wouldn’t be ethical to put people under stressful situations to study whether or not they developed more health problems than a comfortable control group, this research was made using the correlational method. First, Holmes and Rahe designed a scale to measure stress in a variety of life situations, which included both happy and unhappy events, like Christmas and death of a spouse. This was because, according to Holmes and Rahe, stress happens in any situation where there is a need for psychological readjustment. This scale was called the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). After having a huge amount of participants answer the scale, Holmes and Rahe studied the correlations between high levels of stress and illnesses.

As you may have already predicted, a strong positive correlation between stress and illness was found. The participants who had had a low level of stress in the past six months reported an average of 1.4 illnesses for the same period. A medium level of stress had an average of 1.9 illnesses and a high level of stress, 2.1 illnesses.

However, we also know that stress is only one component that influences health, and the connection between stress and illness is way more complex than a correlational study can show. Aware of that, Holmes and Rahe cited other factors that must be taken into consideration to help predict psychosomatic problems. They are:

• Your experience with stressful events

• Your coping skills

• The strength of your immune system

• Your way of dealing with health problems when they occur

Psychologists and doctors now recognize that the vast majority of illnesses are influenced by psychological factors, either at their development or in the way they are treated. This puts an end to Descartes’ classical view of split mind and body. Humans are complex beings, who must be understood and treated in their wholeness for an efficient prevention of illness and promotion of health.

So what do you think of each of these correlational study examples? They are in different areas of psychology (Biological Bases of Behavior, Personality, and Motivation and Emotion), so you can encounter this type of research in many questions of the AP® Psychology exam. How do you understand the influence of genetics on your behavior? Is your locus of control more internal or external? What examples of psychosomatic problems have you seen in your day to day experience? Share in the comments below!

Let’s put everything into practice. Try this AP® Psychology practice question:

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Home » 500+ Quantitative Research Titles and Topics

500+ Quantitative Research Titles and Topics

Table of Contents

Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships among variables. This method is widely used in social sciences, psychology , economics , and other fields where researchers aim to understand human behavior and phenomena through statistical analysis. If you are looking for a quantitative research topic, there are numerous areas to explore, from analyzing data on a specific population to studying the effects of a particular intervention or treatment. In this post, we will provide some ideas for quantitative research topics that may inspire you and help you narrow down your interests.

Quantitative Research Titles

Quantitative Research Titles are as follows:

Business and Economics

• “Statistical Analysis of Supply Chain Disruptions on Retail Sales”
• “Quantitative Examination of Consumer Loyalty Programs in the Fast Food Industry”
• “Predicting Stock Market Trends Using Machine Learning Algorithms”
• “Influence of Workplace Environment on Employee Productivity: A Quantitative Study”
• “Impact of Economic Policies on Small Businesses: A Regression Analysis”
• “Customer Satisfaction and Profit Margins: A Quantitative Correlation Study”
• “Analyzing the Role of Marketing in Brand Recognition: A Statistical Overview”
• “Quantitative Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Trust”
• “Price Elasticity of Demand for Luxury Goods: A Case Study”
• “The Relationship Between Fiscal Policy and Inflation Rates: A Time-Series Analysis”
• “Factors Influencing E-commerce Conversion Rates: A Quantitative Exploration”
• “Examining the Correlation Between Interest Rates and Consumer Spending”
• “Standardized Testing and Academic Performance: A Quantitative Evaluation”
• “Teaching Strategies and Student Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools: A Quantitative Study”
• “The Relationship Between Extracurricular Activities and Academic Success”
• “Influence of Parental Involvement on Children’s Educational Achievements”
• “Digital Literacy in Primary Schools: A Quantitative Assessment”
• “Learning Outcomes in Blended vs. Traditional Classrooms: A Comparative Analysis”
• “Correlation Between Teacher Experience and Student Success Rates”
• “Analyzing the Impact of Classroom Technology on Reading Comprehension”
• “Gender Differences in STEM Fields: A Quantitative Analysis of Enrollment Data”
• “The Relationship Between Homework Load and Academic Burnout”
• “Assessment of Special Education Programs in Public Schools”
• “Role of Peer Tutoring in Improving Academic Performance: A Quantitative Study”

Medicine and Health Sciences

• “The Impact of Sleep Duration on Cardiovascular Health: A Cross-sectional Study”
• “Analyzing the Efficacy of Various Antidepressants: A Meta-Analysis”
• “Patient Satisfaction in Telehealth Services: A Quantitative Assessment”
• “Dietary Habits and Incidence of Heart Disease: A Quantitative Review”
• “Correlations Between Stress Levels and Immune System Functioning”
• “Smoking and Lung Function: A Quantitative Analysis”
• “Influence of Physical Activity on Mental Health in Older Adults”
• “Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Community Hospitals: A Quantitative Study”
• “The Efficacy of Vaccination Programs in Controlling Disease Spread: A Time-Series Analysis”
• “Role of Social Determinants in Health Outcomes: A Quantitative Exploration”
• “Impact of Hospital Design on Patient Recovery Rates”
• “Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Choices and Obesity Rates in Children”

Social Sciences

• “Examining Social Inequality through Wage Distribution: A Quantitative Study”
• “Impact of Parental Divorce on Child Development: A Longitudinal Study”
• “Social Media and its Effect on Political Polarization: A Quantitative Analysis”
• “The Relationship Between Religion and Social Attitudes: A Statistical Overview”
• “Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Educational Achievement”
• “Quantifying the Effects of Community Programs on Crime Reduction”
• “Public Opinion and Immigration Policies: A Quantitative Exploration”
• “Analyzing the Gender Representation in Political Offices: A Quantitative Study”
• “Impact of Mass Media on Public Opinion: A Regression Analysis”
• “Influence of Urban Design on Social Interactions in Communities”
• “The Role of Social Support in Mental Health Outcomes: A Quantitative Analysis”
• “Examining the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Employment Status”

Engineering and Technology

• “Performance Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Algorithms in Autonomous Vehicles”
• “Material Science: A Quantitative Analysis of Stress-Strain Properties in Various Alloys”
• “Impacts of Data Center Cooling Solutions on Energy Consumption”
• “Analyzing the Reliability of Renewable Energy Sources in Grid Management”
• “Optimization of 5G Network Performance: A Quantitative Assessment”
• “Quantifying the Effects of Aerodynamics on Fuel Efficiency in Commercial Airplanes”
• “The Relationship Between Software Complexity and Bug Frequency”
• “Machine Learning in Predictive Maintenance: A Quantitative Analysis”
• “Wearable Technologies and their Impact on Healthcare Monitoring”
• “Quantitative Assessment of Cybersecurity Measures in Financial Institutions”
• “Analysis of Noise Pollution from Urban Transportation Systems”
• “The Influence of Architectural Design on Energy Efficiency in Buildings”

Quantitative Research Topics

Quantitative Research Topics are as follows:

• The effects of social media on self-esteem among teenagers.
• A comparative study of academic achievement among students of single-sex and co-educational schools.
• The impact of gender on leadership styles in the workplace.
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic performance of students.
• The effect of mindfulness meditation on stress levels in college students.
• The relationship between employee motivation and job satisfaction.
• The effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional classroom learning.
• The correlation between sleep duration and academic performance among college students.
• The impact of exercise on mental health among adults.
• The relationship between social support and psychological well-being among cancer patients.
• The effect of caffeine consumption on sleep quality.
• A comparative study of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy in treating depression.
• The relationship between physical attractiveness and job opportunities.
• The correlation between smartphone addiction and academic performance among high school students.
• The impact of music on memory recall among adults.
• The effectiveness of parental control software in limiting children’s online activity.
• The relationship between social media use and body image dissatisfaction among young adults.
• The correlation between academic achievement and parental involvement among minority students.
• The impact of early childhood education on academic performance in later years.
• The effectiveness of employee training and development programs in improving organizational performance.
• The relationship between socioeconomic status and access to healthcare services.
• The correlation between social support and academic achievement among college students.
• The impact of technology on communication skills among children.
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction programs in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
• The relationship between employee turnover and organizational culture.
• The correlation between job satisfaction and employee engagement.
• The impact of video game violence on aggressive behavior among children.
• The effectiveness of nutritional education in promoting healthy eating habits among adolescents.
• The relationship between bullying and academic performance among middle school students.
• The correlation between teacher expectations and student achievement.
• The impact of gender stereotypes on career choices among high school students.
• The effectiveness of anger management programs in reducing violent behavior.
• The relationship between social support and recovery from substance abuse.
• The correlation between parent-child communication and adolescent drug use.
• The impact of technology on family relationships.
• The effectiveness of smoking cessation programs in promoting long-term abstinence.
• The relationship between personality traits and academic achievement.
• The correlation between stress and job performance among healthcare professionals.
• The impact of online privacy concerns on social media use.
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anxiety disorders.
• The relationship between teacher feedback and student motivation.
• The correlation between physical activity and academic performance among elementary school students.
• The impact of parental divorce on academic achievement among children.
• The effectiveness of diversity training in improving workplace relationships.
• The relationship between childhood trauma and adult mental health.
• The correlation between parental involvement and substance abuse among adolescents.
• The impact of social media use on romantic relationships among young adults.
• The effectiveness of assertiveness training in improving communication skills.
• The relationship between parental expectations and academic achievement among high school students.
• The correlation between sleep quality and mood among adults.
• The impact of video game addiction on academic performance among college students.
• The effectiveness of group therapy in treating eating disorders.
• The relationship between job stress and job performance among teachers.
• The correlation between mindfulness and emotional regulation.
• The impact of social media use on self-esteem among college students.
• The effectiveness of parent-teacher communication in promoting academic achievement among elementary school students.
• The impact of renewable energy policies on carbon emissions
• The relationship between employee motivation and job performance
• The effectiveness of psychotherapy in treating eating disorders
• The correlation between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults
• The effect of childhood poverty on adult health outcomes
• The impact of urbanization on biodiversity conservation
• The relationship between work-life balance and employee job satisfaction
• The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma
• The correlation between parenting styles and child behavior
• The effect of social media on political polarization
• The impact of foreign aid on economic development
• The relationship between workplace diversity and organizational performance
• The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treating borderline personality disorder
• The correlation between childhood abuse and adult mental health outcomes
• The effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive function
• The impact of trade policies on international trade and economic growth
• The relationship between employee engagement and organizational commitment
• The effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating postpartum depression
• The correlation between family meals and child obesity rates
• The effect of parental involvement in sports on child athletic performance
• The impact of social entrepreneurship on sustainable development
• The relationship between emotional labor and job burnout
• The effectiveness of art therapy in treating dementia
• The correlation between social media use and academic procrastination
• The effect of poverty on childhood educational attainment
• The impact of urban green spaces on mental health
• The relationship between job insecurity and employee well-being
• The effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between childhood trauma and substance abuse
• The effect of screen time on children’s social skills
• The impact of trade unions on employee job satisfaction
• The relationship between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural communication
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating chronic pain
• The correlation between childhood obesity and adult health outcomes
• The effect of gender diversity on corporate performance
• The impact of environmental regulations on industry competitiveness.
• The impact of renewable energy policies on greenhouse gas emissions
• The relationship between workplace diversity and team performance
• The effectiveness of group therapy in treating substance abuse
• The correlation between parental involvement and social skills in early childhood
• The effect of technology use on sleep patterns
• The impact of government regulations on small business growth
• The relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic motivation in adolescents
• The effect of social media on political engagement
• The impact of urbanization on mental health
• The relationship between corporate social responsibility and consumer trust
• The correlation between early childhood education and social-emotional development
• The effect of screen time on cognitive development in young children
• The impact of trade policies on global economic growth
• The relationship between workplace diversity and innovation
• The effectiveness of family therapy in treating eating disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and college persistence
• The effect of social media on body image and self-esteem
• The impact of environmental regulations on business competitiveness
• The relationship between job autonomy and job satisfaction
• The effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in treating phobias
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement in college
• The effect of social media on sleep quality
• The impact of immigration policies on social integration
• The relationship between workplace diversity and employee well-being
• The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy in treating personality disorders
• The correlation between early childhood education and executive function skills
• The effect of parental involvement on STEM education outcomes
• The impact of trade policies on domestic employment rates
• The relationship between job insecurity and mental health
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between parental involvement and social mobility
• The effect of social media on intergroup relations
• The impact of urbanization on air pollution and respiratory health.
• The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness
• The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating depression
• The correlation between early childhood education and language development
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in STEM fields
• The impact of trade policies on income inequality
• The relationship between workplace diversity and customer satisfaction
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and civic engagement in adolescents
• The effect of social media on mental health among teenagers
• The impact of public transportation policies on traffic congestion
• The relationship between job stress and job performance
• The effectiveness of group therapy in treating depression
• The correlation between early childhood education and cognitive development
• The effect of parental involvement on academic motivation in college
• The impact of environmental regulations on energy consumption
• The relationship between workplace diversity and employee engagement
• The effectiveness of art therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in vocational education
• The effect of social media on academic achievement in college
• The impact of tax policies on economic growth
• The relationship between job flexibility and work-life balance
• The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between early childhood education and social competence
• The effect of parental involvement on career readiness in high school
• The impact of immigration policies on crime rates
• The relationship between workplace diversity and employee retention
• The effectiveness of play therapy in treating trauma
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in online learning
• The effect of social media on body dissatisfaction among women
• The impact of urbanization on public health infrastructure
• The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance
• The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between early childhood education and social skills in adolescence
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in the arts
• The impact of trade policies on foreign investment
• The relationship between workplace diversity and decision-making
• The effectiveness of exposure and response prevention therapy in treating OCD
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in special education
• The impact of zoning laws on affordable housing
• The relationship between job design and employee motivation
• The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation therapy in treating traumatic brain injury
• The correlation between early childhood education and social-emotional learning
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in foreign language learning
• The impact of trade policies on the environment
• The relationship between workplace diversity and creativity
• The effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy in treating relationship problems
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in music education
• The effect of social media on interpersonal communication skills
• The impact of public health campaigns on health behaviors
• The relationship between job resources and job stress
• The effectiveness of equine therapy in treating substance abuse
• The correlation between early childhood education and self-regulation
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in physical education
• The impact of immigration policies on cultural assimilation
• The relationship between workplace diversity and conflict resolution
• The effectiveness of schema therapy in treating personality disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in career and technical education
• The effect of social media on trust in government institutions
• The impact of urbanization on public transportation systems
• The relationship between job demands and job stress
• The correlation between early childhood education and executive functioning
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in computer science
• The effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in homeschooling
• The effect of social media on cyberbullying behavior
• The impact of urbanization on air quality
• The effectiveness of dance therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between early childhood education and math achievement
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in health education
• The impact of global warming on agriculture
• The effectiveness of narrative therapy in treating depression
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in character education
• The effect of social media on political participation
• The impact of technology on job displacement
• The relationship between job resources and job satisfaction
• The effectiveness of art therapy in treating addiction
• The correlation between early childhood education and reading comprehension
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in environmental education
• The impact of income inequality on social mobility
• The relationship between workplace diversity and organizational culture
• The effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in physical therapy education
• The effect of social media on misinformation
• The impact of green energy policies on economic growth
• The relationship between job demands and employee well-being
• The correlation between early childhood education and science achievement
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in religious education
• The impact of gender diversity on corporate governance
• The relationship between workplace diversity and ethical decision-making
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in dental hygiene education
• The effect of social media on self-esteem among adolescents
• The impact of renewable energy policies on energy security
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in social studies
• The impact of trade policies on job growth
• The relationship between workplace diversity and leadership styles
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in online vocational training
• The effect of social media on self-esteem among men
• The impact of urbanization on air pollution levels
• The effectiveness of music therapy in treating depression
• The correlation between early childhood education and math skills
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in language arts
• The impact of immigration policies on labor market outcomes
• The effectiveness of hypnotherapy in treating phobias
• The effect of social media on political engagement among young adults
• The impact of urbanization on access to green spaces
• The relationship between job crafting and job satisfaction
• The effectiveness of exposure therapy in treating specific phobias
• The correlation between early childhood education and spatial reasoning
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in business education
• The impact of trade policies on economic inequality
• The effectiveness of narrative therapy in treating PTSD
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in nursing education
• The effect of social media on sleep quality among adolescents
• The impact of urbanization on crime rates
• The relationship between job insecurity and turnover intentions
• The effectiveness of pet therapy in treating anxiety disorders
• The correlation between early childhood education and STEM skills
• The effect of parental involvement on academic achievement in culinary education
• The impact of immigration policies on housing affordability
• The relationship between workplace diversity and employee satisfaction
• The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in treating chronic pain
• The correlation between parental involvement and academic success in art education
• The effect of social media on academic procrastination among college students
• The impact of urbanization on public safety services.

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Muhammad Hassan

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200+ Experimental Quantitative Research Topics For STEM Students In 2023

STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math, but these are not the only subjects we learn in school. STEM is like a treasure chest of skills that help students become great problem solvers, ready to tackle the real world’s challenges.

In this blog, we are here to explore the world of Research Topics for STEM Students. We will break down what STEM really means and why it is so important for students. In addition, we will give you the lowdown on how to pick a fascinating research topic. We will explain a list of 200+ Experimental Quantitative Research Topics For STEM Students.

And when it comes to writing a research title, we will guide you step by step. So, stay with us as we unlock the exciting world of STEM research – it is not just about grades; it is about growing smarter, more confident, and happier along the way.

What Is STEM?

Table of Contents

STEM is Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. It is a way of talking about things like learning, jobs, and activities related to these four important subjects. Science is about understanding the world around us, technology is about using tools and machines to solve problems, engineering is about designing and building things, and mathematics is about numbers and solving problems with them. STEM helps us explore, discover, and create cool stuff that makes our world better and more exciting.

Why STEM Research Is Important?

STEM research is important because it helps us learn new things about the world and solve problems. When scientists, engineers, and mathematicians study these subjects, they can discover cures for diseases, create new technology that makes life easier, and build things that help us live better. It is like a big puzzle where we put together pieces of knowledge to make our world safer, healthier, and more fun.

• STEM research leads to new discoveries and solutions.
• It helps find cures for diseases.
• STEM technology makes life easier.
• Engineers build things that improve our lives.
• Mathematics helps us understand and solve complex problems.

How to Choose a Topic for STEM Research Paper

Here are some steps to choose a topic for STEM Research Paper:

Step 1: Identify Your Interests

Think about what you like and what excites you in science, technology, engineering, or math. It could be something you learned in school, saw in the news, or experienced in your daily life. Choosing a topic you’re passionate about makes the research process more enjoyable.

Step 2: Research Existing Topics

Look up different STEM research areas online, in books, or at your library. See what scientists and experts are studying. This can give you ideas and help you understand what’s already known in your chosen field.

Step 3: Consider Real-World Problems

Think about the problems you see around you. Are there issues in your community or the world that STEM can help solve? Choosing a topic that addresses a real-world problem can make your research impactful.

Step 4: Talk to Teachers and Mentors

Discuss your interests with your teachers, professors, or mentors. They can offer guidance and suggest topics that align with your skills and goals. They may also provide resources and support for your research.

Step 5: Narrow Down Your Topic

Once you have some ideas, narrow them down to a specific research question or project. Make sure it’s not too broad or too narrow. You want a topic that you can explore in depth within the scope of your research paper.

Here we will discuss 200+ Experimental Quantitative Research Topics For STEM Students: 

Qualitative Research Topics for STEM Students:

Qualitative research focuses on exploring and understanding phenomena through non-numerical data and subjective experiences. Here are 10 qualitative research topics for STEM students:

• Exploring the experiences of female STEM students in overcoming gender bias in academia.
• Understanding the perceptions of teachers regarding the integration of technology in STEM education.
• Investigating the motivations and challenges of STEM educators in underprivileged schools.
• Exploring the attitudes and beliefs of parents towards STEM education for their children.
• Analyzing the impact of collaborative learning on student engagement in STEM subjects.
• Investigating the experiences of STEM professionals in bridging the gap between academia and industry.
• Understanding the cultural factors influencing STEM career choices among minority students.
• Exploring the role of mentorship in the career development of STEM graduates.
• Analyzing the perceptions of students towards the ethics of emerging STEM technologies like AI and CRISPR.
• Investigating the emotional well-being and stress levels of STEM students during their academic journey.

Easy Experimental Research Topics for STEM Students:

These experimental research topics are relatively straightforward and suitable for STEM students who are new to research:

•  Measuring the effect of different light wavelengths on plant growth.
•  Investigating the relationship between exercise and heart rate in various age groups.
•  Testing the effectiveness of different insulating materials in conserving heat.
•  Examining the impact of pH levels on the rate of chemical reactions.
•  Studying the behavior of magnets in different temperature conditions.
•  Investigating the effect of different concentrations of a substance on bacterial growth.
•  Testing the efficiency of various sunscreen brands in blocking UV radiation.
•  Measuring the impact of music genres on concentration and productivity.
•  Examining the correlation between the angle of a ramp and the speed of a rolling object.
•  Investigating the relationship between the number of blades on a wind turbine and energy output.

Research Topics for STEM Students in the Philippines:

These research topics are tailored for STEM students in the Philippines:

•  Assessing the impact of climate change on the biodiversity of coral reefs in the Philippines.
•  Studying the potential of indigenous plants in the Philippines for medicinal purposes.
•  Investigating the feasibility of harnessing renewable energy sources like solar and wind in rural Filipino communities.
•  Analyzing the water quality and pollution levels in major rivers and lakes in the Philippines.
•  Exploring sustainable agricultural practices for small-scale farmers in the Philippines.
•  Assessing the prevalence and impact of dengue fever outbreaks in urban areas of the Philippines.
•  Investigating the challenges and opportunities of STEM education in remote Filipino islands.
•  Studying the impact of typhoons and natural disasters on infrastructure resilience in the Philippines.
•  Analyzing the genetic diversity of endemic species in the Philippine rainforests.
•  Assessing the effectiveness of disaster preparedness programs in Philippine communities.

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Good Research Topics for STEM Students:

These research topics are considered good because they offer interesting avenues for investigation and learning:

•  Developing a low-cost and efficient water purification system for rural communities.
•  Investigating the potential use of CRISPR-Cas9 for gene therapy in genetic disorders.
•  Studying the applications of blockchain technology in securing medical records.
•  Analyzing the impact of 3D printing on customized prosthetics for amputees.
•  Exploring the use of artificial intelligence in predicting and preventing forest fires.
•  Investigating the effects of microplastic pollution on aquatic ecosystems.
•  Analyzing the use of drones in monitoring and managing agricultural crops.
•  Studying the potential of quantum computing in solving complex optimization problems.
•  Investigating the development of biodegradable materials for sustainable packaging.
•  Exploring the ethical implications of gene editing in humans.

Unique Research Topics for STEM Students:

Unique research topics can provide STEM students with the opportunity to explore unconventional and innovative ideas. Here are 10 unique research topics for STEM students:

•  Investigating the use of bioluminescent organisms for sustainable lighting solutions.
•  Studying the potential of using spider silk proteins for advanced materials in engineering.
•  Exploring the application of quantum entanglement for secure communication in the field of cryptography.
•  Analyzing the feasibility of harnessing geothermal energy from underwater volcanoes.
•  Investigating the use of CRISPR-Cas12 for rapid and cost-effective disease diagnostics.
•  Studying the interaction between artificial intelligence and human creativity in art and music generation.
•  Exploring the development of edible packaging materials to reduce plastic waste.
•  Investigating the impact of microgravity on cellular behavior and tissue regeneration in space.
•  Analyzing the potential of using sound waves to detect and combat invasive species in aquatic ecosystems.
•  Studying the use of biotechnology in reviving extinct species, such as the woolly mammoth.

Experimental Research Topics for STEM Students in the Philippines

Research topics for STEM students in the Philippines can address specific regional challenges and opportunities. Here are 10 experimental research topics for STEM students in the Philippines:

• Assessing the effectiveness of locally sourced materials for disaster-resilient housing construction in typhoon-prone areas.
• Investigating the utilization of indigenous plants for natural remedies in Filipino traditional medicine.
• Studying the impact of volcanic soil on crop growth and agriculture in volcanic regions of the Philippines.
• Analyzing the water quality and purification methods in remote island communities.
• Exploring the feasibility of using bamboo as a sustainable construction material in the Philippines.
• Investigating the potential of using solar stills for freshwater production in water-scarce regions.
• Studying the effects of climate change on the migration patterns of bird species in the Philippines.
• Analyzing the growth and sustainability of coral reefs in marine protected areas.
• Investigating the utilization of coconut waste for biofuel production.
• Studying the biodiversity and conservation efforts in the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park.

Capstone Research Topics for STEM Students in the Philippines:

Capstone research projects are often more comprehensive and can address real-world issues. Here are 10 capstone research topics for STEM students in the Philippines:

• Designing a low-cost and sustainable sanitation system for informal settlements in urban Manila.
• Developing a mobile app for monitoring and reporting natural disasters in the Philippines.
• Assessing the impact of climate change on the availability and quality of drinking water in Philippine cities.
• Designing an efficient traffic management system to address congestion in major Filipino cities.
• Analyzing the health implications of air pollution in densely populated urban areas of the Philippines.
• Developing a renewable energy microgrid for off-grid communities in the archipelago.
• Assessing the feasibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for agricultural monitoring in rural Philippines.
• Designing a low-cost and sustainable aquaponics system for urban agriculture.
• Investigating the potential of vertical farming to address food security in densely populated urban areas.
• Developing a disaster-resilient housing prototype suitable for typhoon-prone regions.

Experimental Quantitative Research Topics for STEM Students:

Experimental quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to conclude. Here are 10 Experimental Quantitative Research Topics For STEM Students interested in experimental quantitative research:

• Examining the impact of different fertilizers on crop yield in agriculture.
• Investigating the relationship between exercise and heart rate among different age groups.
• Analyzing the effect of varying light intensities on photosynthesis in plants.
• Studying the efficiency of various insulation materials in reducing building heat loss.
• Investigating the relationship between pH levels and the rate of corrosion in metals.
• Analyzing the impact of different concentrations of pollutants on aquatic ecosystems.
• Examining the effectiveness of different antibiotics on bacterial growth.
• Trying to figure out how temperature affects how thick liquids are.
• Finding out if there is a link between the amount of pollution in the air and lung illnesses in cities.
• Analyzing the efficiency of solar panels in converting sunlight into electricity under varying conditions.

Descriptive Research Topics for STEM Students

Descriptive research aims to provide a detailed account or description of a phenomenon. Here are 10 topics for STEM students interested in descriptive research:

• Describing the physical characteristics and behavior of a newly discovered species of marine life.
• Documenting the geological features and formations of a particular region.
• Creating a detailed inventory of plant species in a specific ecosystem.
• Describing the properties and behavior of a new synthetic polymer.
• Documenting the daily weather patterns and climate trends in a particular area.
• Providing a comprehensive analysis of the energy consumption patterns in a city.
• Describing the structural components and functions of a newly developed medical device.
• Documenting the characteristics and usage of traditional construction materials in a region.
• Providing a detailed account of the microbiome in a specific environmental niche.
• Describing the life cycle and behavior of a rare insect species.

Research Topics for STEM Students in the Pandemic:

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised many research opportunities for STEM students. Here are 10 research topics related to pandemics:

• Analyzing the effectiveness of various personal protective equipment (PPE) in preventing the spread of respiratory viruses.
• Studying the impact of lockdown measures on air quality and pollution levels in urban areas.
• Investigating the psychological effects of quarantine and social isolation on mental health.
• Analyzing the genomic variation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its implications for vaccine development.
• Studying the efficacy of different disinfection methods on various surfaces.
• Investigating the role of contact tracing apps in tracking & controlling the spread of infectious diseases.
• Analyzing the economic impact of the pandemic on different industries and sectors.
• Studying the effectiveness of remote learning in STEM education during lockdowns.
• Investigating the social disparities in healthcare access during a pandemic.
• Analyzing the ethical considerations surrounding vaccine distribution and prioritization.

Research Topics for STEM Students Middle School

Research topics for middle school STEM students should be engaging and suitable for their age group. Here are 10 research topics:

• Investigating the growth patterns of different types of mold on various food items.
• Studying the negative effects of music on plant growth and development.
• Analyzing the relationship between the shape of a paper airplane and its flight distance.
• Investigating the properties of different materials in making effective insulators for hot and cold beverages.
• Studying the effect of salt on the buoyancy of different objects in water.
• Analyzing the behavior of magnets when exposed to different temperatures.
• Investigating the factors that affect the rate of ice melting in different environments.
• Studying the impact of color on the absorption of heat by various surfaces.
• Analyzing the growth of crystals in different types of solutions.
• Investigating the effectiveness of different natural repellents against common pests like mosquitoes.

Technology Research Topics for STEM Students

Technology is at the forefront of STEM fields. Here are 10 research topics for STEM students interested in technology:

• Developing and optimizing algorithms for autonomous drone navigation in complex environments.
• Exploring the use of blockchain technology for enhancing the security and transparency of supply chains.
• Investigating the applications of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in medical training and surgery simulations.
• Studying the potential of 3D printing for creating personalized prosthetics and orthopedic implants.
• Analyzing the ethical and privacy implications of facial recognition technology in public spaces.
• Investigating the development of quantum computing algorithms for solving complex optimization problems.
• Explaining the use of machine learning and AI in predicting and mitigating the impact of natural disasters.
• Studying the advancement of brain-computer interfaces for assisting individuals with
• disabilities.
• Analyzing the role of wearable technology in monitoring and improving personal health and wellness.
• Investigating the use of robotics in disaster response and search and rescue operations.

Scientific Research Topics for STEM Students

Scientific research encompasses a wide range of topics. Here are 10 research topics for STEM students focusing on scientific exploration:

• Investigating the behavior of subatomic particles in high-energy particle accelerators.
• Studying the ecological impact of invasive species on native ecosystems.
• Analyzing the genetics of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and its implications for healthcare.
• Exploring the physics of gravitational waves and their detection through advanced interferometry.
• Investigating the neurobiology of memory formation and retention in the human brain.
• Studying the biodiversity and adaptation of extremophiles in harsh environments.
• Analyzing the chemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vents and their potential for life beyond Earth.
• Exploring the properties of superconductors and their applications in technology.
• Investigating the mechanisms of stem cell differentiation for regenerative medicine.
• Studying the dynamics of climate change and its impact on global ecosystems.

Interesting Research Topics for STEM Students:

Engaging and intriguing research topics can foster a passion for STEM. Here are 10 interesting research topics for STEM students:

• Exploring the science behind the formation of auroras and their cultural significance.
• Investigating the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy in the universe.
• Studying the psychology of decision-making in high-pressure situations, such as sports or
• emergencies.
• Analyzing the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships and mental health.
• Exploring the potential for using genetic modification to create disease-resistant crops.
• Investigating the cognitive processes involved in solving complex puzzles and riddles.
• Studying the history and evolution of cryptography and encryption methods.
• Analyzing the physics of time travel and its theoretical possibilities.
• Exploring the role of Artificial Intelligence in creating art and music.
• Investigating the science of happiness and well-being, including factors contributing to life satisfaction.

Practical Research Topics for STEM Students

Practical research often leads to real-world solutions. Here are 10 practical research topics for STEM students:

• Developing an affordable and sustainable water purification system for rural communities.
• Designing a low-cost, energy-efficient home heating and cooling system.
• Investigating strategies for reducing food waste in the supply chain and households.
• Studying the effectiveness of eco-friendly pest control methods in agriculture.
• Analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration on the stability of power grids.
• Developing a smartphone app for early detection of common medical conditions.
• Investigating the feasibility of vertical farming for urban food production.
• Designing a system for recycling and upcycling electronic waste.
• Studying the environmental benefits of green roofs and their potential for urban heat island mitigation.
• Analyzing the efficiency of alternative transportation methods in reducing carbon emissions.

Experimental Research Topics for STEM Students About Plants

Plants offer a rich field for experimental research. Here are 10 experimental research topics about plants for STEM students:

• Investigating the effect of different light wavelengths on plant growth and photosynthesis.
• Studying the impact of various fertilizers and nutrient solutions on crop yield.
• Analyzing the response of plants to different types and concentrations of plant hormones.
• Investigating the role of mycorrhizal in enhancing nutrient uptake in plants.
• Studying the effects of drought stress and water scarcity on plant physiology and adaptation mechanisms.
• Analyzing the influence of soil pH on plant nutrient availability and growth.
• Investigating the chemical signaling and defense mechanisms of plants against herbivores.
• Studying the impact of environmental pollutants on plant health and genetic diversity.
• Analyzing the role of plant secondary metabolites in pharmaceutical and agricultural applications.
• Investigating the interactions between plants and beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere.

Qualitative Research Topics for STEM Students in the Philippines

Qualitative research in the Philippines can address local issues and cultural contexts. Here are 10 qualitative research topics for STEM students in the Philippines:

• Exploring indigenous knowledge and practices in sustainable agriculture in Filipino communities.
• Studying the perceptions and experiences of Filipino fishermen in coping with climate change impacts.
• Analyzing the cultural significance and traditional uses of medicinal plants in indigenous Filipino communities.
• Investigating the barriers and facilitators of STEM education access in remote Philippine islands.
• Exploring the role of traditional Filipino architecture in natural disaster resilience.
• Studying the impact of indigenous farming methods on soil conservation and fertility.
• Analyzing the cultural and environmental significance of mangroves in coastal Filipino regions.
• Investigating the knowledge and practices of Filipino healers in treating common ailments.
• Exploring the cultural heritage and conservation efforts of the Ifugao rice terraces.
• Studying the perceptions and practices of Filipino communities in preserving marine biodiversity.

Science Research Topics for STEM Students

Science offers a diverse range of research avenues. Here are 10 science research topics for STEM students:

• Investigating the potential of gene editing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 in curing genetic diseases.
• Studying the ecological impacts of species reintroduction programs on local ecosystems.
• Analyzing the effects of microplastic pollution on aquatic food webs and ecosystems.
• Investigating the link between air pollution and respiratory health in urban populations.
• Studying the role of epigenetics in the inheritance of acquired traits in organisms.
• Analyzing the physiology and adaptations of extremophiles in extreme environments on Earth.
• Investigating the genetics of longevity and factors influencing human lifespan.
• Studying the behavioral ecology and communication strategies of social insects.
• Analyzing the effects of deforestation on global climate patterns and biodiversity loss.
• Investigating the potential of synthetic biology in creating bioengineered organisms for beneficial applications.

Correlational Research Topics for STEM Students

Correlational research focuses on relationships between variables. Here are 10 correlational research topics for STEM students:

• Analyzing the correlation between dietary habits and the incidence of chronic diseases.
• Studying the relationship between exercise frequency and mental health outcomes.
• Investigating the correlation between socioeconomic status and access to quality healthcare.
• Analyzing the link between social media usage and self-esteem in adolescents.
• Studying the correlation between academic performance and sleep duration among students.
• Investigating the relationship between environmental factors and the prevalence of allergies.
• Analyzing the correlation between technology use and attention span in children.
• Studying how environmental factors are related to the frequency of allergies.
• Investigating the link between parental involvement in education and student achievement.
• Analyzing the correlation between temperature fluctuations and wildlife migration patterns.

Quantitative Research Topics for STEM Students in the Philippines

Quantitative research in the Philippines can address specific regional issues. Here are 10 quantitative research topics for STEM students in the Philippines

• Analyzing the impact of typhoons on coastal erosion rates in the Philippines.
• Studying the quantitative effects of land use change on watershed hydrology in Filipino regions.
• Investigating the quantitative relationship between deforestation and habitat loss for endangered species.
• Analyzing the quantitative patterns of marine biodiversity in Philippine coral reef ecosystems.
• Studying the quantitative assessment of water quality in major Philippine rivers and lakes.
• Investigating the quantitative analysis of renewable energy potential in specific Philippine provinces.
• Analyzing the quantitative impacts of agricultural practices on soil health and fertility.
• Studying the quantitative effectiveness of mangrove restoration in coastal protection in the Philippines.
• Investigating the quantitative evaluation of indigenous agricultural practices for sustainability.
• Analyzing the quantitative patterns of air pollution and its health impacts in urban Filipino areas.

Things That Must Keep In Mind While Writing Quantitative Research Title 

Here are a few things that must be kept in mind while writing a quantitative research:

1. Be Clear and Precise

Make sure your research title is clear and says exactly what your study is about. People should easily understand the topic and goals of your research by reading the title.

2. Use Important Words

Include words that are crucial to your research, like the main subjects, who you’re studying, and how you’re doing your research. This helps others find your work and understand what it’s about.

3. Avoid Confusing Words

Stay away from words that might confuse people. Your title should be easy to grasp, even if someone isn’t an expert in your field.

4. Show Your Research Approach

Tell readers what kind of research you did, like experiments or surveys. This gives them a hint about how you conducted your study.

5. Match Your Title with Your Research Questions

Make sure your title matches the questions you’re trying to answer in your research. It should give a sneak peek into what your study is all about and keep you on the right track as you work on it.

STEM students, addressing what STEM is and why research matters in this field. It offered an extensive list of research topics , including experimental, qualitative, and regional options, catering to various academic levels and interests. Whether you’re a middle school student or pursuing advanced studies, these topics offer a wealth of ideas. The key takeaway is to choose a topic that resonates with your passion and aligns with your goals, ensuring a successful journey in STEM research. Choose the best Experimental Quantitative Research Topics For Stem Students today!

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100 Research Topics for High School Students

By Eric Eng

High school is such an exciting time for stretching your intellectual muscles. One awesome way to do that is through research projects. But picking the right topic can make all the difference. It should be something you’re passionate about and also practical to tackle. So, we’ve put together a list of engaging research topics for high school students across ten different subjects: physics, math, chemistry, biology, engineering, literature, psychology, political science, economics, and history. Each topic is crafted to spark your curiosity and help you grow those research skills.

Physics Research Topics

Research topics for high school students in physics are an exciting way to enhance your understanding of the universe.

1. Gravitational Waves and Space-Time

How do gravitational waves distort space-time, and what can these distortions tell us about the origins of the universe?

2. Quantum Entanglement Applications

What are the potential technological applications of quantum entanglement, and how can it be harnessed for secure communication?

3. Dark Matter and Galaxy Formation

How does dark matter affect the formation and behavior of galaxies, and what evidence supports its existence?

4. Physics of Renewable Energy

What are the fundamental physical principles behind renewable energy sources, and how do they compare in terms of efficiency?

5. Superconductors in Technology

How are superconductors utilized in modern technology, and what advantages do they offer over traditional materials?

6. Particle Physics at the Large Hadron Collider

What significant discoveries have been made at the Large Hadron Collider, and how do they advance our understanding of particle physics?

7. Microgravity Effects on Organisms

How does microgravity affect the physiological and biological functions of organisms during space travel?

8. Thermodynamics and Engine Efficiency

How do the principles of thermodynamics improve the efficiency and performance of internal combustion engines?

9. Electromagnetism in Wireless Communication

How do principles of electromagnetism enable the functioning of wireless communication systems?

10. Cosmic Radiation and Human Space Travel

What are the effects of cosmic radiation on astronauts, and what measures can be taken to protect them during long-term space missions?

These research topics for high school students are designed to deepen your knowledge and prepare you for advanced studies and innovations in the field of physics.

Math Research Topics

Math research topics for high school students are a fantastic way to explore real-world problems through the lens of mathematical principles .

11. Graph Theory and Social Networks

How can graph theory be applied to identify influential nodes and optimize information flow in social networks?

12. Cryptography and Data Security

What cryptographic techniques are most effective in securing online communications and protecting sensitive data?

13. Mathematical Models in Disease Spread

How do SIR models predict the spread of infectious diseases, and what factors affect their accuracy?

14. Game Theory and Economic Decisions

How does game theory explain the strategic behavior of firms in competitive markets?

15. Calculus in Engineering Design

How is calculus used to optimize the structural integrity and efficiency of engineering designs?

16. Linear Algebra in Computer Graphics

How do matrices and vectors facilitate the creation and manipulation of digital images in computer graphics?

17. Statistical Methods in Public Health

What statistical methods are most effective in analyzing public health data to track disease outbreaks?

18. Differential Equations and Population Dynamics

How do differential equations model the population dynamics of endangered species in varying environments?

19. Probability Theory in Risk Management

How is probability theory applied to assess and mitigate financial risks in investment portfolios?

20. Mathematical Modeling in Climate Change Predictions

How do mathematical models simulate climate change scenarios, and what variables are most critical to their predictions?

These research topics for high school students are designed to spark your curiosity and help you build critical thinking skills and practical knowledge.

Chemistry Research Topics

Chemistry research topics for high school students open up a world of molecular wonders and practical applications.

21. Photosynthesis Chemical Processes

How do the chemical reactions involved in photosynthesis convert light energy into chemical energy in plants?

22. Catalysts and Reaction Rates

How do different catalysts influence the rate of chemical reactions, and what factors affect their efficiency?

23. Environmental Pollutants and Atmospheric Chemistry

How do specific environmental pollutants alter chemical reactions in the atmosphere, and what are the consequences for air quality?

24. Green Chemistry Principles

How can green chemistry practices be applied to reduce chemical waste and promote sustainable industrial processes?

25. Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery

How does nanotechnology improve the targeted delivery and effectiveness of drugs within the human body?

26. Plastic Composition and Environmental Impact

How does the chemical composition of various plastics affect their environmental impact and degradation process?

27. Enzymes in Biochemical Reactions

How do enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, and what factors influence their activity and specificity?

28. Electrochemistry in Battery Technology

How are electrochemical principles applied to improve the performance and sustainability of modern batteries?

29. Chemical Fertilizers and Soil Health

How do chemical fertilizers impact soil health and agricultural productivity, and what alternatives exist to minimize negative effects?

30. Spectroscopy in Compound Identification

How is spectroscopy used to identify and analyze the composition of chemical compounds in various fields?

These research topics for high school students are designed to enhance your understanding of chemical principles and their real-world applications.

Biology Research Topics

Research topics for high school students in biology open up a fascinating window into the complexities of the living world.

31. Genetic Basis of Inherited Diseases

How do specific genetic mutations cause inherited diseases, and what are the mechanisms behind their transmission?

32. Climate Change and Biodiversity

How does climate change affect biodiversity in different ecosystems, and what species are most at risk?

33. Microbiomes and Human Health

How do microbiomes influence human health, and what roles do they play in disease prevention and treatment?

34. Habitat Destruction and Wildlife

How does habitat destruction impact wildlife populations and their behaviors, and what are the long-term ecological consequences?

35. Genetic Engineering in Agriculture

How can genetic engineering techniques improve crop yields and resistance to pests and diseases?

36. Pollution and Aquatic Ecosystems

How do various pollutants affect aquatic ecosystems, and what are the implications for water quality and marine life?

37. Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

How are stem cells used in regenerative medicine to repair and replace damaged tissues and organs?

38. Evolutionary Biology and Species Adaptation

How do evolutionary principles explain the adaptation of species to changing environmental conditions?

39. Diet and Human Health

How do different dietary choices impact human health, and what are the underlying mechanisms?

40. Bioinformatics in Genetic Research

How is bioinformatics used to analyze genetic data, and what insights can it provide into genetic disorders and evolution?

These research topics for high school students are designed to deepen your understanding of life sciences and prepare you for advanced studies and research in the field.

Engineering Research Topics

Engineering research topics give high school students practical insights into designing and creating innovative solutions.

41. 3D Printing in Manufacturing

How does 3D printing technology revolutionize manufacturing processes, and what are its key advantages over traditional methods?

42. Robotics in Modern Industry

How do robotics improve efficiency and productivity in modern industries, and what are some specific applications?

43. Sustainable Building Design

What principles of sustainable building design can be applied to reduce environmental impact and enhance energy efficiency?

44. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering

How is artificial intelligence integrated into engineering solutions to optimize processes and solve complex problems?

45. Renewable Energy Technologies

How do renewable energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, contribute to reducing carbon footprints?

46. Aerodynamics in Vehicle Design

How do aerodynamic principles enhance the performance and fuel efficiency of vehicles?

47. Material Science in Engineering Innovations

How do advancements in material science lead to innovative engineering solutions and improved product performance?

48. Civil Engineering in Urban Development

How does civil engineering contribute to urban development and infrastructure planning in growing cities?

49. Electrical Engineering in Modern Electronics

How are electrical engineering principles applied in the design and development of modern electronic devices?

50. Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices

How does biomedical engineering contribute to the development of innovative medical devices and healthcare solutions?

These research topics for high school students are designed to broaden your understanding of engineering principles and their real-world applications, preparing you for future innovations and problem-solving in the field.

Literature Research Topics

Literature research topics give high school students the chance to delve into the rich and varied world of written works and their broader implications.

51. Identity in Contemporary Young Adult Fiction

How do contemporary young adult fiction novels explore themes of identity and self-discovery among teenagers?

52. Historical Events and Literary Movements

How have significant historical events influenced and shaped various literary movements, such as Romanticism or Modernism?

53. Symbolism in Classic Literature

How do authors use symbolism in classic literature to convey deeper meanings and themes?

54. Narrative Structure in Modern Storytelling

How do modern authors utilize narrative structures to enhance the storytelling experience and engage readers?

55. Literary Devices in Poetry

How do poets employ literary devices like metaphor, simile, and alliteration to enrich the meaning and emotional impact of their work?

56. Dystopian Themes in Science Fiction

How do science fiction authors use dystopian themes to comment on contemporary social and political issues?

57. Cultural Diversity and Literary Expression

How does cultural diversity influence literary expression and contribute to the richness of global literature?

58. Feminist Theory in Literary Analysis

How is feminist theory applied to analyze and interpret the representation of women and gender roles in literature?

59. Postcolonial Literature Principles

How does postcolonial literature address themes of colonization, identity, and resistance, and what are its key characteristics?

60. Intertextuality in Modern Novels

How do modern novelists use intertextuality to create layers of meaning and connect their works with other literary texts?

These research topics for high school students are designed to deepen your understanding of literary techniques and themes. They prepare you for advanced literary analysis and appreciation.

Psychology Research Topics

Psychology research topics offer high school students a fascinating journey into the complexities of human behavior and mental processes.

61. Social Media and Adolescent Mental Health

How does social media usage affect the mental health and well-being of adolescents, particularly in terms of anxiety and depression?

62. Stress and Cognitive Function

How does chronic stress impact cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and decision-making?

63. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Anxiety Disorders

How effective is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating various anxiety disorders, and what mechanisms underlie its success?

64. Early Childhood Experiences and Personality Development

How do early childhood experiences shape personality traits and influence long-term behavioral patterns?

65. Sleep and Memory Retention

How does the quality and quantity of sleep affect the retention and recall of memories?

66. Neuroplasticity in Brain Recovery

How does neuroplasticity facilitate brain recovery and adaptation following injury or neurological illness?

67. Mindfulness Practices and Emotional Regulation

How do mindfulness practices help individuals regulate their emotions and reduce symptoms of stress and anxiety?

68. Genetic Factors in Mental Health Disorders

How do genetic predispositions contribute to the development of mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder?

69. Group Dynamics and Decision-Making

How do group dynamics influence individual decision-making processes and outcomes in collaborative settings?

70. Psychological Assessments in Educational Settings

How are psychological assessments used to support student learning and development in educational environments?

These research topics for high school students are designed to enhance your understanding of mental processes and behavior. They prepare you for advanced studies and practical applications in the field.

Political Science Research Topics

Political science research topics offer high school students an exciting opportunity to dive into the complexities of political systems and their impact on society.

71. Social Media and Political Campaigns

How does social media influence the strategies and outcomes of political campaigns, particularly in terms of voter engagement and misinformation?

72. International Organizations and Global Governance

How do international organizations, such as the United Nations, contribute to global governance and conflict resolution?

73. Political Corruption and Economic Development

How does political corruption affect economic development and stability in different countries?

74. Democracy in Political Systems

How do the principles of democracy vary across different political systems, and what impact do these differences have on governance?

75. Public Opinion and Policy-Making

How does public opinion shape government policy-making processes and legislative decisions?

76. Political Ideology and Government Policies

How do different political ideologies influence the formulation and implementation of government policies?

77. Electoral Systems and Political Representation

How do various electoral systems impact political representation and voter behavior?

78. Political Communication in Media

How do media and communication strategies shape public perception of political issues and candidates?

79. Globalization and National Sovereignty

How does globalization affect national sovereignty and the ability of states to maintain independent policies?

80. Political Theory and Social Movements

How can political theory be used to understand the origins, development, and impact of social movements?

These research topics for high school students are designed to enhance your understanding of political processes and theories. They prepare you for advanced studies and informed civic participation.

Economics Research Topics

Economics research topics give high school students valuable insights into how economic systems and policies shape our world.

81. Minimum Wage Laws and Employment Rates

How do changes in minimum wage laws impact employment rates across different sectors and demographics?

82. Fiscal Policy in Economic Recessions

How do government fiscal policies, such as stimulus packages, help manage and mitigate the effects of economic recessions?

83. Globalization and Local Economies

How does globalization influence local economies, particularly in terms of job creation and market competition?

84. Behavioral Economics and Consumer Decisions

How do psychological factors and cognitive biases affect consumer decision-making and market trends?

85. Trade Policies and International Relations

How do specific trade policies impact international relations and global trade dynamics?

86. Technology in Economic Growth

How do technological advancements drive economic growth and productivity in various industries?

87. Taxation and Income Distribution

How do different taxation policies affect income distribution and economic inequality within a society?

88. Economic Modeling and Market Predictions

How are economic models used to predict market trends, and what are the limitations of these models?

89. Inflation and Purchasing Power

How does inflation impact purchasing power and the cost of living for consumers?

90. Econometrics in Economic Data Analysis

How is econometrics used to analyze and interpret complex economic data, and what insights can it provide?

These research topics for high school students are designed to deepen your understanding of economic principles and their real-world applications, preparing you for further studies and informed decision-making in the field.

History Research Topics

History research topics for high school students offer a deep dive into the past. They help you understand how it shapes our present and future.

91. Industrial Revolution: Causes and Consequences

What were the key factors that led to the Industrial Revolution, and how did it impact society and the economy?

92. Colonialism and Indigenous Populations

How did colonial rule affect the cultural, social, and economic lives of indigenous populations?

93. Women in Historical Social Movements

What roles did women play in various social movements throughout history, and what were their contributions?

94. Historical Revisionism in Modern Historiography

What are the principles and controversies surrounding historical revisionism in contemporary historiography?

95. Technological Advancements and Historical Events

How have technological innovations influenced significant historical events and driven societal changes?

96. Major Wars: Causes and Effects

What were the primary causes, key events, and consequences of major wars in history?

97. Religion in Shaping Historical Narratives

How has religion influenced the crafting and interpretation of historical narratives across different cultures?

98. Historiography and Documenting Events

What methods and principles are used in historiography to accurately record and analyze historical events?

99. Economic Changes and Historical Societies

How have economic shifts impacted social structures and historical developments in various societies?

100. Primary Sources in Historical Research

Why are primary sources important in historical research, and how are they used to ensure accuracy and depth in historical analysis?

These research topics for high school students are designed to deepen your understanding of past events and their significance, preparing you for advanced studies and critical historical inquiry.

How do I pick the right high school research topic?

Choosing the right research topic involves considering your interests, the availability of resources, and the relevance of the topic to current issues. Start by identifying subjects you are passionate about. Then, look for specific questions within those subjects that spark your curiosity. It’s also important to consider the feasibility of the research, including access to necessary materials and data.

What high school research topics are in demand today?

High-demand research topics for high school students today often align with current global challenges and advancements. In science and technology, areas such as renewable energy, artificial intelligence , and genetic engineering are popular. In social sciences, topics like the impact of social media, political polarization, and mental health are highly relevant. Keeping up with current events and scientific journals can help you identify trending topics.

What resources should I use for my high school research?

Effective research requires a mix of resources. Start with your school library and online databases like JSTOR or Google Scholar for academic papers. Utilize books, reputable websites, and expert interviews to gather diverse perspectives. Don’t overlook primary sources, such as historical documents or scientific data, which provide firsthand information. Additionally, consider using software tools for data analysis and project management.

How can I publish or present my high school research?

Publishing and presenting your research can enhance its impact and your academic profile. Consider submitting your work to high school research journals , science fairs , and local or national competitions. You can also present at school or community events, or create a blog or website to share your findings. Networking with teachers and professors can provide guidance and additional opportunities for publication and presentation.

How does high school research enhance my college applications?

High school research demonstrates your ability to undertake independent projects, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Colleges value these attributes as they indicate readiness for college-level work. Including research experience in your application can set you apart from other applicants. It shows your commitment to learning and your ability to contribute to academic and extracurricular activities at the college level.

Want to assess your chances of admission? Take our FREE chances calculator today!

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250 Grade 12 Quantitative Research Topics for Senior High School Students in the Philippines

Greetings, dear senior high school students in the Philippines! If you’re on the hunt for that ideal quantitative research topic for your Grade 12 project, you’ve struck gold! You’re in for a treat because we’ve got your back. Within the pages of this blog, we’ve meticulously assembled an extensive catalog of 250 intriguing quantitative research themes for your exploration.

We completely grasp that the process of selecting the right topic might feel a tad overwhelming. To alleviate those concerns, we’ve crafted this resource to simplify your quest. We’re about to embark on a journey of discovery together, one that will empower you to make a well-informed choice for your research project. So, without further ado, let’s plunge headfirst into this wealth of research possibilities!

What is Quantitative Research?

Quantitative research is a type of research that deals with numbers and data. It involves collecting and analyzing numerical information to draw conclusions or make predictions. It’s all about using statistics and mathematical methods to answer research questions. Now, let’s explore some exciting quantitative research topics suitable for Grade 12 students in the Philippines.

Unlock educational insights at newedutopics.com . Explore topics, study tips, and more! Get started on your learning journey today.

• How Social Media Affects Academic Performance
• Factors Influencing Students’ Choice of College Courses
• The Relationship Between Study Habits and Grades
• The Effect of Parental Involvement on Students’ Achievements
• Bullying in High Schools: Prevalence and Effects
• How Does Nutrition Affect Student Concentration and Learning?
• Examining the Relationship Between Exercise and Academic Performance
• The Influence of Gender on Math and Science Performance
• Investigating the Factors Leading to School Dropouts
• The Effect of Peer Pressure on Decision-Making Among Teens
• Exploring the Connection Between Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement
• Assessing the Impact of Technology Use in Education
• The Correlation Between Sleep Patterns and Academic Performance
• Analyzing the Impact of Classroom Size on Student Engagement
• The Role of Extracurricular Activities in Character Development
• Investigating the Use of Alternative Learning Modalities During the Pandemic
• The Effectiveness of Online Learning Platforms
• The Influence of Parental Expectations on Career Choices
• The Relationship Between Music and Concentration While Studying
• Examining the Link Between Personality Traits and Academic Success

Now that we’ve given you a taste of the topics, let’s break them down into different categories:

Education and Academic Performance:

• The Impact of Teacher-Student Relationships on Learning
• Exploring the Benefits of Homework in Learning
• Analyzing the Effectiveness of Different Teaching Methods
• Investigating the Use of Technology in Teaching
• The Role of Educational Field Trips in Learning
• The Relationship Between Reading Habits and Academic Success
• Assessing the Impact of Standardized Testing on Students
• The Effect of School Uniforms on Student Behavior
• Analyzing the Benefits of Bilingual Education
• How Classroom Design Influences Student Engagement

Health and Wellness:

• Analyzing the Connection Between Fast Food Consumption and Health Outcomes
• Exploring How Physical Activity Impacts Mental Health
• Investigating the Prevalence of Stress Among Senior High School Students
• The Effect of Smoking on Academic Performance
• The Relationship Between Nutrition and Physical Fitness
• Analyzing the Impact of Vaccination Programs on Public Health
• Understanding the Importance of Sleep in Mental and Emotional Well-being
• Investigating the Use of Herbal Remedies in Health Management
• The Effect of Screen Time on Eye Health
• Examining the Connection Between Drug Abuse and Academic Performance

Social Issues:

• Exploring the Factors Leading to Teenage Pregnancy
• Analyzing the Impact of Social Media on Body Image
• Investigating the Causes of Youth Involvement in Juvenile Delinquency
• The Effect of Cyberbullying on Mental Health
• The Relationship Between Gender Equality and Education
• Assessing the Impact of Poverty on Student Achievement
• The Influence of Religion on Moral Values
• Analyzing the Role of Filipino Culture in Shaping Values
• The Effect of Political Instability on Education
• Investigating the Impact of Mental Health Awareness Campaigns

Technology and Innovation:

• The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education
• Examining the Impact of E-Learning Platforms on Student Performance
• Exploring the Application of Virtual Reality in Education
• The Effect of Smartphone Use on Classroom Distractions
• The Relationship Between Coding Skills and Future Employment
• Assessing the Benefits of Gamification in Education
• The Influence of Online Gaming on Academic Performance
• Analyzing the Role of 3D Printing in Education
• Investigating the Use of Drones in Environmental Research
• Analyzing How Social Networking Sites Affect Socialization

Environmental Concerns:

• Assessing the Effects of Climate Change Awareness on Conservation Efforts
• Investigating the Impact of Pollution on Local Ecosystems
• Exploring the Link Between Waste Management Practices and Environmental Sustainability
• Analyzing the Benefits of Renewable Energy Sources
• The Effect of Deforestation on Biodiversity
• Exploring Sustainable Agriculture Practices
• The Role of Ecotourism in Conservation
• Investigating the Impact of Plastic Waste on Marine Life
• Analyzing Water Quality in Local Rivers and Lakes
• Assessing the Importance of Coral Reef Conservation

Economic Issues:

• The Influence of Economic Status on Educational Opportunities
• Examining the Impact of Inflation on Student Expenses
• Investigating the Role of Microfinance in Poverty Alleviation
• Analyzing the Effects of Unemployment on Youth
• The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education and Business Success
• The Effect of Taxation on Small Businesses
• Assessing the Impact of Tourism on Local Economies
• The Role of Online Marketplaces in Small Business Growth
• Investigating the Benefits of Financial Literacy Programs
• Analyzing the Impact of Foreign Investments on the Philippine Economy

Cultural and Historical Topics:

• Exploring the Influence of Spanish Colonization on Filipino Culture
• Analyzing the Role of Filipino Heroes in Nation-Building
• Investigating the Impact of K-Pop on Filipino Youth Culture
• The Relationship Between Traditional and Modern Filipino Values
• Assessing the Importance of Philippine Indigenous Languages
• The Effect of Colonial Mentality on Identity
• The Role of Filipino Cuisine in Tourism
• Investigating the Influence of Filipino Art on National Identity
• Analyzing the Significance of Historical Landmarks
• Examining the Role of Traditional Filipino Clothing in Society

Government and Politics:

• The Influence of Social Media on Political Participation
• Investigating Voter Education and Awareness Campaigns
• Analyzing the Impact of Political Dynasties on Local Governance
• Assessing the Effectiveness of Disaster Response Programs
• The Relationship Between Corruption and Public Services
• The Role of Youth in Nation-Building
• Investigating the Impact of Martial Law on Philippine Society
• Analyzing the Role of Social Movements in Policy Change
• Assessing the Importance of Good Governance in National Development
• The Effect of Federalism on Local Autonomy

Science and Technology:

• Exploring Advances in Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
• Analyzing the Impact of Space Exploration on Scientific Discovery
• Investigating the Use of Nanotechnology in Medicine
• The Relationship Between STEM Education and Innovation
• The Effect of Pollution on Biodiversity
• Assessing the Benefits of Solar Energy in the Philippines
• The Role of Robotics in Industry Automation
• Investigating the Potential of Hydrogen Fuel Cells
• Analyzing the Use of 5G Technology in Communication
• The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Healthcare and Medicine:

• The Influence of Traditional Medicine Practices on Health
• Investigating the Impact of Mental Health Stigma
• Analyzing the Use of Telemedicine in Remote Areas
• The Relationship Between Diet and Chronic Diseases
• Assessing the Effectiveness of Healthcare Access Programs
• The Role of Nurses in Public Health
• Investigating the Benefits of Medical Missions
• Analyzing the Impact of Healthcare Quality on Patient Outcomes
• Assessing the Importance of Health Education
• The Effect of Access to Clean Water on Public Health

Business and Finance:

• Exploring the Impact of E-Commerce on Local Businesses
• Analyzing the Role of Digital Payment Systems
• Investigating Consumer Behavior in Online Shopping
• The Relationship Between Customer Loyalty and Business Success
• Assessing the Effectiveness of Marketing Strategies
• The Influence of Branding on Consumer Preferences
• The Role of Supply Chain Management in Business Efficiency
• Investigating the Impact of Globalization on Small Enterprises
• Analyzing the Benefits of Employee Training Programs
• Assessing the Importance of Ethical Business Practices

Social Media and Technology:

• The Effect of Social Media Influencers on Consumer Behavior
• Investigating the Impact of Online Dating Apps on Relationships
• Analyzing the Use of Social Media for Activism
• The Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Mental Health
• The Influence of Online Filters on Self-Image
• Assessing the Benefits of Digital Detox Programs
• The Role of Virtual Reality in Online Gaming
• Investigating the Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Marketing
• Analyzing the Use of Augmented Reality in Education
• The Effect of Cybersecurity Measures on Online Privacy

Family and Relationships:

• Exploring the Impact of Divorce on Children’s Well-being
• Analyzing the Role of Sibling Relationships in Character Development
• Investigating the Effect of Parental Divorce on Academic Performance
• The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Child Behavior
• The Influence of Extended Family Support on Parenthood
• Assessing the Benefits of Pre-marital Counseling
• The Role of Grandparents in Child Rearing
• Investigating the Impact of Long-distance Relationships on Couples
• Analyzing the Use of Technology in Maintaining Family Ties
• The Effect of Cultural Differences on Intercultural Marriages

Arts and Culture:

• The Influence of Philippine Folk Dances on National Identity
• Investigating the Role of Art in Social Commentary
• Analyzing the Impact of Cultural Festivals on Tourism
• The Relationship Between Music and Emotions
• The Effect of Theater and Drama on Empathy
• Assessing the Benefits of Art Therapy
• The Role of Literature in Shaping Society
• Investigating the Impact of Film on Social Awareness
• Analyzing the Use of Social Media in Promoting Local Artists
• The Influence of Indigenous Art Forms on Modern Filipino Art

Sports and Recreation:

• Exploring the Effect of Sports Participation on Character Development
• Analyzing the Role of Sports in Building Discipline
• Investigating the Impact of Sports Injuries on Athletes’ Careers
• The Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Academic Performance
• The Influence of Team Sports on Social Skills
• Assessing the Benefits of Recreational Activities in Stress Reduction
• The Role of Esports in Philippine Sports Culture
• Investigating the Impact of Sports Sponsorship on Athlete Development
• Analyzing the Use of Sports Analytics in Decision-making
• The Effect of Gender Stereotypes in Sports

Travel and Tourism:

• The Influence of Travel Experience on Cultural Awareness
• Investigating the Impact of Sustainable Tourism Practices
• Analyzing the Role of Social Media in Travel Planning
• The Relationship Between Travel and Stress Reduction
• The Effect of Tourism on Local Communities
• Assessing the Benefits of Ecotourism in Conservation
• The Role of Historical Sites in Tourism Promotion
• Investigating the Impact of Travel Bans on Tourism
• Analyzing the Use of Technology in Travel Booking
• The Impact of COVID-19 on the Travel and Tourism Industry

Technology and Education:

• Exploring the Role of Virtual Reality in Science Education
• Analyzing the Impact of Flipped Classrooms on Learning
• Investigating the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Education
• The Relationship Between Gamification and Student Engagement
• The Effect of Online Learning on Academic Achievement
• Assessing the Benefits of Blended Learning Approaches
• The Role of Educational Apps in Language Learning
• Investigating the Impact of Robotics in STEM Education
• Analyzing the Use of Educational Videos in Teaching
• The Influence of Social Media in Collaborative Learning

Environmental Sustainability:

• The Influence of Eco-friendly Practices on Business Success
• Investigating the Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life
• Analyzing the Role of Renewable Energy in Reducing Carbon Footprint
• The Relationship Between Urbanization and Environmental Degradation
• The Effect of Deforestation on Climate Change
• Assessing the Benefits of Sustainable Agriculture
• The Role of Green Building Practices in Energy Efficiency
• Investigating the Impact of Conservation Education on Environmental Awareness
• Analyzing the Use of Electric Vehicles in Reducing Air Pollution
• The Impact of Waste Reduction Campaigns on Environmental Sustainability

Economic Development:

• Investigating the Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Growth
• Assessing How Foreign Direct Investment Influences Local Economies
• Investigating the Use of Microfinance in Poverty Alleviation
• The Relationship Between Economic Policies and Income Inequality
• The Effect of Tourism on Local Economic Development
• Assessing the Benefits of Export-Oriented Industries
• The Role of Infrastructure Development in Economic Growth
• Investigating the Impact of Technological Innovation on Economic Competitiveness
• Analyzing the Use of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Projects
• The Influence of Economic Literacy on Financial Decision-making

Health and Nutrition:

• The Effect of Food Advertising on Children’s Eating Habits
• Investigating the Impact of Fast Food Consumption on Health
• Analyzing the Role of Nutrition Education in Promoting Healthy Eating
• The Relationship Between Diet and Cardiovascular Health
• The Influence of Food Labels on Consumer Choices
• Assessing the Benefits of Organic Food Consumption
• The Role of Physical Activity in Preventing Lifestyle Diseases
• Investigating the Impact of Nutritional Supplements on Health
• Analyzing the Use of Plant-Based Diets in Health Improvement
• The Impact of Sleep Quality on Mental and Physical Health

Education and Technology:

• Exploring the Use of Augmented Reality in History Education
• Analyzing the Impact of Online Learning on Teacher-Student Interaction
• Investigating the Role of Educational Apps in Language Learning
• Understanding How Digital Literacy Relates to Academic Performance
• The Effect of Virtual Laboratories in Science Education
• Assessing the Benefits of Distance Learning for Students with Disabilities
• The Role of Gamification in Enhancing Math Skills
• Investigating the Impact of Technology Integration in Special Education
• Analyzing the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Learning
• The Influence of Social Media on Student Engagement

Social Issues and Awareness:

• The Effect of Social Media on Youth Political Engagement
• Investigating the Impact of Online Activism on Social Change
• Analyzing the Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion
• The Relationship Between Gender Stereotypes and Career Choices
• The Influence of Cultural Sensitivity on Social Harmony
• Assessing the Benefits of Multicultural Education
• The Role of Youth in Promoting Environmental Awareness
• Investigating the Impact of Mental Health Advocacy
• Analyzing the Use of Arts and Culture in Promoting Social Values
• The Impact of Volunteerism on Community Development

Globalization and Culture:

• Exploring the Influence of Globalization on Traditional Filipino Culture
• Analyzing the Impact of International Trade on Philippine Economy
• Investigating the Role of Filipino Diaspora in Cultural Exchange
• The Relationship Between Globalization and Cultural Homogenization
• The Effect of Westernization on Filipino Identity
• Assessing the Benefits of Cultural Exchange Programs
• The Role of Social Media in Global Cultural Awareness
• Investigating the Impact of Global Brands on Local Culture
• Analyzing the Use of Technology in Promoting Filipino Culture Worldwide
• The Influence of International Travel on Cultural Perspective

Phew! That’s quite a list of quantitative research topics for Grade 12 students in the Philippines. Remember, the key to a successful research project is to choose a topic that genuinely interests you. When you’re passionate about your research, the journey becomes more enjoyable, and your findings are likely to be more valuable.

Take your time to explore these topics, do some preliminary research, and consult with your teachers and mentors to ensure that your chosen topic is feasible and relevant. Good luck with your Grade 12 research project, and may you discover valuable insights that contribute to the betterment of the Philippines and beyond!

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• Open access
• Published: 16 May 2018

A study of the correlation between STEM career knowledge, mathematics self-efficacy, career interests, and career activities on the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career among middle school students

• Karen A. Blotnicky 1 ,
• Tamara Franz-Odendaal 2 ,
• Frederick French 3 &
• Phillip Joy 4  

International Journal of STEM Education volume  5 , Article number:  22 ( 2018 ) Cite this article

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A sample of 1448 students in grades 7 and 9 was drawn from public schools in Atlantic Canada to explore students’ knowledge of science and mathematics requirements for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. Also explored were their mathematics self-efficacy (MSE), their future career interests, their preferences for particular career activities, and their likelihood to pursue a STEM career.

Analysis revealed that while older students had more knowledge about mathematics/science requirements for STEM careers, this knowledge was lacking overall. Also, students with higher MSE were more knowledgeable about STEM career requirements. Furthermore, students with higher MSE and STEM career knowledge were more likely to choose a STEM career. Students with greater interest in technical and scientific skills were also more likely to consider a STEM career than those who preferred career activities that involved practical, productive, and concrete activities.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that students in middle school have a limited STEM career knowledge with respect to subject requirements and with respect to what sort of activities these careers involve. Furthermore, students with low MSE have a declining interest in STEM careers. Our data thus support the need to improve access to knowledge to facilitate students’ understanding of STEM careers and the nature of STEM work. Exposure of students to STEM careers can enhance their interest in pursuing careers involving science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Globally, youth vary considerably in their level of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) career knowledge, their career interests, and their intentions of pursuing a STEM career. STEM career knowledge, defined as a student’s familiarity with a particular STEM career, varies considerably based on the school’s STEM career guidance. The level of STEM career knowledge an individual has will directly affect one’s intentions of pursuing a STEM career in the future (Compeau 2016 ; Nugent et al. 2015 ; Zhang and Barnett 2015 ). Without adequate knowledge, there is a risk that students will dismiss a STEM-based career path as a potential option for their future. Consequently, student interest in a particular STEM career will wane, which will negatively influence their desire to participate in activities that serve to increase STEM career knowledge and awareness. Indeed, interventions have shown that equipping students with STEM career knowledge early increases their motivation to take more science and mathematics courses in high school (Harackiewicz et al. 2012 ).

Students’ career interest and their preferred future career activities will also affect their intention of pursuing a STEM career. A key predictor of STEM career interest at the end of high school is interest at the start of high school (Sadler et al. 2012 ). However, the positive attitudes towards science identified in youth age 10 sharply declines by age 14 (Murphy and Beggs 2005 ; Tai et al. 2006 ); the junior high school years are typically ages 12–14 years. An extensive study in 2015, surveying 24,000 students, showed that occupational intentions change dramatically between the 9th and 11th grade and that the relationship between STEM intention and motivation is highly time-sensitive (Mangu et al. 2015 ).

Both STEM career knowledge and career interests are also influenced by society at large. These society influencers include role models that students are exposed to either in person or through the media, the individual students interact with on a daily basis such as teachers, family members, and peers, as well as students’ extracurricular experiences (Dabney et al. 2012 ; Harackiewicz et al. 2012 ; Nugent et al. 2015 ; Sahin et al. 2014 ; Sahin et al. 2015 ; Schumacher et al. 2009 ; Sjaastad 2012 ; Steinke et al. 2009 ; Zhang and Barnett 2015 ). Collectively, these influencing factors predict the self-efficacy (i.e., one’s belief in one’s ability) youth hold about their career options as well as their outcome expectancies (Mangu et al. 2015 ). Self-efficacy is considered a major predictor guiding the selection of majors during high school and post-secondary education (Heilbronner 2009 ; Kelly et al. 2013 ).

The grades 7 through 9 years (12–15-year-olds) are the key time period for influencing STEM career interest and for building this self-efficacy with respect to mathematics and science. Thus, it is during the junior high (middle) school age that a student’s beliefs about competency and interests begin to solidify (Simpkins et al. 2006 ). It is at this time that student engagement activities and career knowledge should be at its highest. Social cognitive career theory (Lent 2005 ) acknowledges and hypothesizes that career interests, choice, and personal goals form a complex human agency process that includes performance, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. For example, self-efficacy is positively related to student academic performance and science self-efficacy has been shown to impact student selection of science-related activities, which impacts their ultimate success and helps maintain interests (Britner and Pajares 2006 ; Parker et al. 2014 ; Richardson et al. 2012 ).

Early interest in STEM topics is an excellent predictor for later learning and eventual career interests and choice (DeBacker and Nelson 1999 ). Contextual and individual variables influence these social cognitive variables including factors such as parental, teacher, and peer cultural expectations (Lent et al. 1994 ). Nugent et al. ( 2015 ) found support for the social cognitive career theory (Lent et al. 1994 ) as a framework for examining STEM learning and career orientation outcomes by providing a way in which to view the socio-contextual, motivational, and instructional factors that can impact youth STEM interests.

Although 88% of parents believe they can help guide their children’s learning, less than 28% actually discuss the value of a STEM education with their children (“Let’s Talk Science Canada Annual Report,” 2015 ). Recent studies have also indicated that junior high students have an unclear view about engineering (Compeau 2016 ; Karatas et al. 2011 ) and science (Masnick et al. 2010 ) yet these are critical years in which to build STEM interest. The present paper builds on our previous study (Franz-Odendaal et al. 2016 ) and explores students’ knowledge of STEM career mathematics/science requirements and their mathematics self-efficacy (MSE) and how these shape students’ career interests and preferred career activities. Differences among grade 7 and 9 students with respect to career interests and activities, and the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career will be examined. While gender differences are important because STEM stereotypes are heavily biased towards males, these differences are beyond the scope of the current study. This study will examine who, what, and how youth are influenced in STEM career choice.

This study captured five main areas of interest: student knowledge of mathematics and science requirements that lead to STEM careers, MSE, career interests, career activity preferences, and their correlation with the likelihood to consider pursuing a STEM career among youth. Based on the literature, the following research questions were developed to guide this research.

RQ1: What is the correlation between grade level and students’ knowledge of high school requirements for STEM careers?

RQ2: What is the correlation between MSE and students’ knowledge of high school requirements for STEM careers?

RQ3: What is the correlation between MSE and students’ career interests and/or their preference for particular career activities?

RQ4: What is the association between student preferences for career interests and preferred career activities with grade level?

RQ5: What are the relationships between the following factors and the likelihood that students will choose a STEM career: grade level, MSE, student knowledge of mathematics/science requirements for post-secondary study for STEM careers, career interests and preferred career activities?

These research questions have not been explored in the context of Atlantic Canada, thus making this study relevant to the education system within Canada and globally.

Grade 7 and 9 students in the four Canadian Atlantic provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland) completed an online survey during their school hours. This research was approved by the university research ethics board. Permission to collect data in the schools was obtained from school board superintendents and parents. Schools were purposefully chosen from school families in geographic areas across Atlantic Canada. English and French language schools were included in the study. Data were weighted to ensure that the sample was representative by grade level, from each of the four Atlantic provinces. A total sample size of 1448 students was obtained across all four provinces in Atlantic Canada: New Brunswick (33%), Nova Scotia (38.4%), Prince Edward Island (6.5%), and Newfoundland-Labrador (22.1%). The sample was split almost evenly between grade 7 (48%) and grade 9 (52%). The sample was balanced with respect to gender (58% female to 42% male). Students ranged in age from 11 to 20 years with an average age of 13.5 years and a median age of 14 years (SD = 1.1). Grade 7 students had an average age of 12.6 years (SD = .6) with a median age of 13 years. Grade 9 students had an average age of 14.5 years (SD = .6) with a median age of 14 years.

Five different measures were used in this study. These included measures of STEM career knowledge, MSE, career activity preferences, career interests, and likelihood to choose to pursue a STEM career. These measures were incorporated into the study based on earlier reviews that found that studies’ examining factors influencing career choice have been criticized for failing to account for the complexity of career choices and career decision-making (Patton and McMahon 2006 ) and for being too static in their view of career development (Hirshi 2011 ).

STEM career knowledge score

A STEM career knowledge (SCK) score was created to capture students’ knowledge about the requirements for high school mathematics and science in STEM careers. Students were presented with 12 STEM careers and asked to indicate whether they believed that the training for each of the careers required having taken mathematics or science in high school. Students could respond “yes” if they believed the career required high school mathematics or science based on their knowledge of the entrance requirements for Canadian colleges and universities. They could respond “no” if they believed that the career did not require high school mathematics or science, or they could choose “uncertain” if they were not sure that high school mathematics and/or science were required for that career. The list included careers students are commonly exposed to (such as veterinarian, pharmacist, and oral hygienist) as well as careers that are likely less familiar to them (such as mechanical engineer, geologist, and land surveyor). The list included mechanical engineer, computer hardware designer, pharmacist, medical technologist, geologist, veterinarian, oil industry engineer, physiotherapist, oral hygienist, nutritionist, land surveyor, and ophthalmologist. The list was provided to students in no particular order.

A score was calculated to capture students’ knowledge based on these responses. “Yes” responses were scored as “1,” “uncertain” responses as “0,” and “no” scored as “− 1.” The responses were then summed to obtain a basic SCK score per student. The SCK score was calculated only for students who had rated at least one third of the careers in the list. The SCK was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability analysis.

Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale

In an attempt to offer a more complete perspective on the process of career decision-making, Hackett and Bertz (Hackett and Betz 1981 ) drew on the work of Bandura ( 1977 ) to introduce the concept of self-efficacy to the career development literature noting its potential to help understand the complexity of career decision-making such as the underrepresentation of women in traditional male-dominated career fields. Self-efficacy referred to the belief that a person had in their own ability to successfully perform a particular behavior based on their perception of their capability and the likelihood of their achieving success in that activity.

The second measure used in this analysis was a MSE scale. Students were asked to describe their experiences in mathematics by rating each of the following statements on a scale ranging from (1) Strongly disagree to (5) Strongly agree: I get good grades in mathematics; I learn quickly in mathematics; I look forward to my mathematics class; I feel tense doing mathematics problems; I feel helpless doing mathematics problems. Negatively phrased items were reverse-coded to maintain consistency in the MSE scale. Students’ responses to these five statements about their experiences in mathematics were then coded into dichotomies to create five separate measures. Dichotomies were created by assigning a value of “1” to those who were most comfortable with Likert scale ratings of 4 or 5 to the statements and assigning a value of 0 to those who were less confident and comfortable with Likert scale ratings of 1 through 3. These five measures were then summed to get a single MSE scale that would reflect higher measures for those who were the most confident and comfortable with mathematics. The MSE scale was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability analysis. The resulting MSE score ranged from 0 to 5. The MSE scale was then divided into two subgroups to create an MSE score for further analysis. The MSE score consisted of those with low MSE (scores of 0 through 3) and high MSE (scores of 4 or 5). The goal in using this breakout was to identify students who were the most comfortable and confident in their mathematics experiences.

Career activities and career interests

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) (Lent et al. 2010 ) has continued to evolve to include person and environmental and socio-demographic variables as well as interest and career choice models. The SCCT argues that people develop interests (actively likes and dislikes) largely on the basis of their beliefs about their self-efficacy and the outcomes their efforts could achieve. Ultimately, people become interested in activities they believe they can perform well. Therefore, people develop goals to pursue academic and career activities that are consistent with their interests as well as with their self-efficacy and outcome expectations (Sheu et al. 2010 ). Thus, career activities and career interests are highly correlated. For these reasons, student ratings of self-perceptions of their career interests, and also their career activities, were included.

The SCCT has been found to support self-efficacy and outcome expectations as significant predictors of interest, that interests partially mediate the relation of self-efficacy and outcome expectations, and that self-efficacy relates to outcome expectations across Holland’s (1997) broad occupational themes as utilized in the current study (Sheu et al. 2010 ). This alignment was felt to provide a rationale for the use of student ratings of interests, activities, and Holland’s broad occupational themes as a comprehensive way of gaining insight into the complexity of career decision-making of junior high students.

Hollands’ Theory of Career Choice and Development (Holland 1973 ) focused on six basic personality types: realistic (practical); investigative (analytical, curious); artistic (expressive, original); social (working/helping others); enterprising (goal oriented); and conventional (ordered). Individuals are not limited to one personality type and many exhibit characteristics on more than one type. Holland ( 1973 ) argued that everyone has career decisions to make at various stages of their lives. As well, he argued that everyone can serve as both a coach and/or a player in those decisions depending on their role, situation, and knowledge. Reflecting on the life stage, the environment, and the knowledge one has of their own particular type of preferred approach to life plus knowledge of the interaction among a variety of factors such as the cultural, social, academic, and family influences on the decisions that each individual makes about their life career. These are not perfect, single, nor static events and depend on self and other perceptions of a wide range of factors. However, at a point in time, they represent what each person conceptualizes as a satisfying career for them. Holland ( 1973 ) argued that his theory of careers was really intended to help practitioners, researchers, and students in education and social science to address a fuller understanding of vocational choice and to be helpful in professional counseling. Miller ( 1998 ) stated that Holland’s theory can be used to help individuals explore career choices. More recently, Olitsky ( 2014 ) used Holland’s theory of career and educational choice when researching the earnings of STEM majors, indicating that the underlying theory is still relevant. Since career interests and career activities are highly correlated, they were measured separately.

The third measure used in this analysis was a ranking of the preferred career activities using Holland’s Theory of Career Choice and Development (1973). Students were asked to rank six different career activities from (1) Most favorite to (6) Least favorite. Each of the career activities was then analyzed based on the percentage of students who rated it in their top 2 favorites. The career activities studied in this research included the following: (1) artistic, unusual, and creative activities; (2) working on practical, productive, and concrete activities; (3) taking responsibility, providing leadership, and convincing others; (4) things being organized into routines and having an order; (5) learning by reading, study, analysis, or investigation; (6) helping others and being concerned for the welfare of others.

The fourth measure used in this analysis was a ranking of career interests also based on Holland’s Theory of Career Choice and Development (Holland 1973 ). Students were asked to rank six different career interests from (1) Most favorite to (6) Least favorite. Each of the career interests was then analyzed based on the percentage of students who rated it in their top 2 favorites. These interests were (1) working with people; (2) creative skills and expression; (3) technical and scientific skills; (4) manual and mechanical skills; (5) leading, persuading, and directing others; and (6) routines and adhering to standards of performance.

Likelihood to pursue a STEM career

The final measure used in this analysis was the likelihood that students would consider choosing a STEM career in their future. Students were asked how likely they would be to choose a career that is science-related (including science, engineering, health, or technology). Likelihood was measured using the following Likert scale: (1) Very unlikely, (2) Somewhat unlikely, (3) Somewhat likely, and (4) Very likely. This scale was recoded into a dichotomous variable for use in bivariate logistic regression: Students who were somewhat likely or very likely to choose a STEM career were coded as “1,” and those who were somewhat unlikely or very unlikely to choose a STEM career were coded as “0.”

Data analysis

Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (IBM Corp 2013 ). Descriptive statistics were used to provide an overall analysis of the data. Various statistical tests were selected based on the level of data measurement and data distributions (McDaniel et al. 2014 ; Hair Jr. et al. 2010 ). t tests were used to explore differences in average ratings between groups. Chi-square was used to analyze associations between nominal and ordinal variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate significant differences between average ratings and measures involving categorical variables with more than two response levels (McDaniel et al. 2014 ). Logistic regression was used to explore research questions involving interval and ratio-scaled variables (Hair Jr. et al. 2010 ). Brown-Forsyth exact tests were used with ANOVA to compensate for violations of homogeneity of variance (IBM Corp 2013 ). Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to detect significant differences between groups for significant ANOVA results (IBM Corp 2013 ; Hair Jr. et al. 2010 ). Data were weighted to reflect the population of students by grade level and province across Atlantic Canada.

Bivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore the relative contribution of the following factors on the likelihood that students would choose a STEM career: SCK score, MSE score, grade level, career interests, and career activities. Grade level, career interest, and career activities were coded as dichotomies for the regression analysis as follows: grade level (grade 9 = 1, grade 7 = 0), career interests (rated in top 2 favorites = 1, not rated in top 2 favorites = 0), career activities (rated in top 2 favorites = 1, not rated in top 2 favorites = 0).

Three regressions were created to explore the research questions. The first analysis regressed grade level, SCK score, and MSE score against the likelihood to pursue a STEM career. Two more regressions were conducted: one to regress career activities and a second to regress career interests against the likelihood to pursue a STEM career as a dependent variable. Measures for career activity and career interests showed a high level of multicollinearity between the two sets of variables. Separating these predictors into two different regressions eliminated problems with multicollinearity.

We first describe the results for each of the measures used in this study and then answer our research questions (RQ1–5).

Student knowledge of mathematics and science requirements for STEM careers

We assessed student’s knowledge of high school requirements for STEM careers, by asking students to indicate whether a career required mathematics and/or science (Table  1 ). Mechanical engineer was noted by 71.4% of students as having a high school mathematics/science requirement. Two careers (land surveyor and ophthalmologist) were noted by less than half of the students as requiring high school mathematics or science. Five careers were classified as requiring mathematics and science by 65.6 to 68.2% (veterinarian, geologist, medical technologist, pharmacist, computer hardware engineer). Four of the careers were listed as requiring mathematics and science by 51.8 to 58.6% of the students (nutritionist, oral hygienist, physiotherapist, oil industry engineer). What is notable in the students’ responses are that most students seemed confident of their career classification in that they answered “yes” or “no” and not the option of “uncertain,” indicating that they were confident in their choice. The percentage of students saying that they were uncertain if a career required mathematics or science for post-secondary study was low and ranged from 12.5 to 32.6% across all of the careers with half of the uncertain responses ranging from 12.5 to 13% of students. Table  1 shows the results of high school mathematics/science requirements for STEM careers.

Students’ responses were summed to obtain an overall SCK score. A factor analysis of the career ratings was used to ensure it was unidimensional, and reliability of the score was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. The confirmatory factor analysis was statistically significant (KMO = .961, p  < .01). Cronbach’s alpha was .95 which meets the criterion for reliability.

The SCK score ranged from − 12 to + 12, with an average score of 4.6 (SD = 7.6; Fig.  1 ). The average SCK score was low, indicating a lack of familiarity with the mathematics and/or science requirements of STEM careers. Approximately 8% of students did not correctly classify any of the careers as having a high school mathematics and/or science requirement. Only 36.4% of students had high SCK scores having correctly classified 10 to 12 careers. The top quartile of students scored 11 or better while the bottom quartile scored 0 or less than 0 out of the 12-point score. A summary of the SCK score is in Fig.  1 .

STEM career knowledge (SCK) score

Overall, these results suggest that STEM career knowledge is limited among middle school students. Results also reveal that students seem to be unaware of their limited knowledge regarding STEM career preparation.

Students’ mathematics self-efficacy

In order to determine whether MSE was correlated with students STEM career knowledge (RQ2) and/or between MSE and career interests and/or preferred career activities (RQ3), we first determined the MSE scale for the cohort. The MSE scale ranged from 0 (No self-efficacy) to 5 (High self-efficacy). The distribution of the Math Self-Efficacy Scale is shown in Fig.  2 .

Mathematics Self-Efficacy (MSE) Scale

A confirmatory factor analysis of the measures in the MSE scale indicated that it was unidimensional and reliable. The factor analysis was statistically significant (KMO = .698, p  < .01). Cronbach’s alpha was .72 which is acceptable for a scale analysis. These results suggest that over half of the students had a relatively high MSE and about one third of students had low MSE.

Career activities and interests

In order to assess students’ preferred career activities and their career interests, students were asked to select their favorites. Students were presented with a list of six career activities and asked to indicate which activities were in their top 2 favorites. These measures were recoded into dichotomies for further analysis. There was a very even spread of students rating career activities in their top 2 favorites, ranging from 32.1 to 45.9%. Most of the activities were listed in their top 2 favorites by about one third of the students. The results revealed that artistic, unusual, and creative activities were most commonly listed in the top 2 favorite career activities. The career activity with the lowest rating was helping others and being concerned for their welfare. The results are summarized in Table  2 .

Students were also presented with a list of six career interests and asked to indicate which career interests were in their top 2 favorites. These measures were recoded into dichotomies for further analysis. The percentage of students rating career interests as their top 2 favorites ranged from 21.9% for routines and adhering to standards to working with people at 49.8%. The results are summarized in Table  3 .

Likelihood of choosing a STEM career

Next, we assessed whether students were interested in pursuing a STEM career. Nearly 70% percent of students surveyed revealed that they were either somewhat likely or very likely to pursue a STEM career. On a scale of (1) Very unlikely to (4) Very likely, an average rating of 2.9/4 indicated that students were somewhat likely to pursue a STEM career. The results appear in Table  4 .

The association of grade level and STEM career knowledge

The first research question (RQ1) explored the correlation of grade level and STEM career knowledge. There was a statistically significant difference in the average SCK score by grade, with grade 9 students scoring higher than grade 7 students (5.7 vs 3.3, t  = − 5.69, df = 1209.7, p  < .01). While it is good to see that students appear to acquire more knowledge of STEM career requirements in middle school grades, it is concerning that students in grade 9 still had a low average SCK score since this is the year in which students begin to choose subject classes in Atlantic Canada. This indicates that more work is needed to ensure students have the correct information about STEM career requirements in time for them to make informed decisions about high school course selection.

Correlation between mathematics self-efficacy and the STEM career knowledge

The second research question (RQ2) focused on whether there is a correlation between students with higher MSE and knowledge of STEM career requirements. An analysis of variance revealed that students with high self-efficacy (MSE scale = 4 and 5) had significantly higher SCK scores than students who did not score as highly in the MSE scale (BF = 8.7, df = 5, p  < .01). Students with high MSE had a SCK score of 6.6 out of 12, while students with lower MSE scores had average SCK scores ranging from 2.8 to 4.8. The results are shown in Table  5 .

These results for RQ2 show that students who report more confidence and comfort in mathematics tend to be more knowledgeable about mathematics/science requirements for STEM careers. This is a correlation only and cannot be interpreted as a causal relationship since survey data cannot be used to measure causality.

Correlation between mathematics self-efficacy and students’ preferred career activities and their career interests

Our third research question (RQ3) explored whether there was a correlation between MSE and students’ career interests and preferred career activity. There were statistically significant differences by students’ preferred career activities for the MSE scale. MSE scale totals were sorted into two groups to create an MSE score for further analysis. Those with low MSE scale totals (0 through 3) were assigned an MSE score of 0, and those with high MSE scale totals (4 and 5) were assigned an MSE score of 1. A chi-square analysis revealed that only one career activity differed significantly based on students’ MSE scores. Reading, study, analysis, and investigation was listed in the top 2 favorites for career activities by 36.5% of students who had high MSE scores (between 4 and 5) when compared to 28.4% of students with low MSE (0 through 3) ( χ 2  = 7.979, df = 1, p  < .01). The remaining career activities did not differ significantly based on students’ MSE. The results are summarized in Table  6 .

These results show that most of the preferred career activities had no correlation at all with MSE scores. However, reading, study, analysis, and investigation are the hallmarks of a mathematics-, science-, or technology-based activity. Therefore, it is reasonable that students who are confident and comfortable with mathematics would also enjoy reading, study, analysis, and investigation.

In order to explore whether there is a correlation between MSE and student’s career interests, a chi-square analysis was conducted. The chi-square analysis revealed that only one career interest differed significantly based on students’ MSE score. This career interest was technical and scientific skills. This career interest was listed in the top 2 favorites for career activities by 43.8% of students with high MSE score (between 4 and 5) compared to 36.0% of students with low MSE score (0 through 3) ( χ 2  = 6.558, df = 1, p  = .01). The remaining career interests did not differ significantly based on students’ MSE scores. As with the results for career activities, these results show that most of the career interests were not significantly correlated with MSE and all of the career interests were rated in the top 2 favorites by less than half of the students. It is reasonable that students who are confident and comfortable with mathematics would also be interested in careers involving technical and scientific skills. The results are summarized in Table  7 .

The correlation between grade level and students’ career interests and preferred career activities

The fourth research question (RQ4) addressed whether grade level was associated with student preferences for career interests and activities. There were statistically significant differences by grade regarding some of the career interests, thereby satisfying the first part of the fourth research question. More grade 7 than grade 9 students listed manual and mechanical skills in their top 2 favorites (36.5 vs 29.4%, χ 2  = 6.84, df = 1, p  < .01), as well as creative skills and expression (45.4 vs 37.0%, χ 2  = 8.73, df = 1, p  < .01). More grade 9 than grade 7 students ranked “working with people” in their top 2 favorites (52.8 vs 46.8%, χ 2  = 4.21, df = 1, p  < .05). These results are summarized in Table  8 .

More grade 7 than grade 9 students listed practical, productive, and concrete activities in their top 2 favorites (42.1 vs 34.7%; χ 2  = 6.9, df = 1, p  < .01). More grade 9 than grade 7 students rated helping others and being concerned for their welfare in their top 2 favorite career activities (34.9 vs 28.6%; χ 2  = 5.4, df = 1, p  < .05) as well as having things organized into routines and having order (39.4 vs 29.4%; χ 2  = 13.2, df = 1, p < .01). There were no statistically significant differences by grade level for the other career activities studied.

This trend is similar to that emerging in the analysis of career interests. In general, students in the higher grade focused more on activities involving helping others and being less attracted to careers that involved practical applications or routines. The results are summarized in Table  9 .

The correlations between students’ STEM career knowledge, mathematics self-efficacy, and grade level on their likelihood to choose a STEM career

The fifth research question (RQ5) focused on how several aspects might relate to students’ likelihood of choosing a STEM career. These areas included grade level, MSE, knowledge of STEM careers, and preferences for various career interests and activities.

First, a logistic regression was conducted to determine whether or not grade level, STEM knowledge, and MSE score were associated with students’ likelihood to pursue a STEM career. The hypothesized regression model was likelihood of choosing a STEM career (ODDS) =  f (grade level, STEM knowledge score, MSE score). A test of the full regression model against an intercept-only model was statistically significant ( χ 2  = 76.85, df = 3, p  < .01). The regression was strong with a McFadden’s R 2  = .85.

The regression analysis correctly classified 70.6% of all cases and 95.3% of those who were likely to choose a STEM career. The regression revealed that students with stronger SCK scores were marginally more likely to pursue a STEM career than were students with weaker SCK scores (odds ratio = 1.04, probability = .51). However, students with high MSE scores were 1.3 times more likely to pursue a STEM career than were those who had lower MSE scores (probability = .56). Grade level was not a statistically significant predictor of the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career.

These results showed that students’ knowledge of STEM careers and their self-efficacy in mathematics were statistically significant factors in the likelihood that they would pursue a STEM career, while STEM career knowledge was a modest contributor. Also, students in grade 9 were not more likely to pursue a STEM career than were students in Grade 7. However, research has shown that occupational intentions change dramatically between 9th and 11th grades and the relationship between STEM intention and motivation is very time-sensitive (Mangu et al. 2015 , p.55). The results are summarized in Table  10 .

These regression results reveal that individual student characteristics, MSE, and SCK are better predictors of the likelihood to pursue STEM careers than student grade level. Individual strengths and weaknesses, as well as students’ knowledge and competency, are better indicators of future career paths than grade level.

The correlation between students’ career interests and their likelihood to pursue a STEM career

A second logistic regression was conducted to explore whether or not students’ preferred career interests was correlated with their likelihood to pursue a STEM career. Six career interests were explored in the analysis. The hypothesized regression model was likelihood of choosing a STEM career (ODDS) =  f (manual and mechanical skills; technical and scientific skills; creative skills and expression; working with people; leading, persuading, and directing others; routines and adhering to standards). A test of the full regression model against an intercept-only model was statistically significant ( χ 2  = 119.94, df = 6, p  < .01). The regression was reasonably strong with a McFadden’s R 2  = .73. The regression analysis correctly classified 72% of all cases and 96.6% of those who were likely to choose a STEM career.

The regression revealed that students who rated technical and scientific skills in their top 2 favorite career interests were 5.4 times more likely to pursue a STEM career (probability = .84). Students who rated working with people in their top 2 favorites were 1.5 times more likely to pursue a STEM career (probability = .61). Students who rated creative and expressive skills in their top 2 favorite career interests were less likely to pursue a STEM career than those who rated creative and expressive skills highly. Their odds of pursuing a STEM career were only .70 of those who did not rate creativity and expressiveness among their favorite career interests. Their probability of pursuing a STEM career was .41. The remaining career interests were not statistically significant predictors of the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career (manual or mechanical skills; leading, persuading, or directing others; routines and adhering to standards). These results provide evidence for the fifth research question in that three out of the six career interests measured did have a statistically significant correlation with the likelihood that a student would consider pursuing a STEM career. The results are summarized in Table  11 .

These results indicate that student preference for technical and scientific skills and careers involving working with people enhance the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career, while students who prefer careers involving creative skills and expression are less likely to do so. While a focus group could better explore the students’ preferences for creativity and creative careers, this level of detail is not possible in large sample survey-based research and is outside of the scope of this study. Other career interests that focus on mechanical, manual, or routine activities, or those involving leadership, do not predict the likelihood of students pursuing a STEM career and are not significantly correlated with STEM career choice.

A third logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine whether students’ career activity preferences were correlated whether or not they were likely to pursue a STEM career. Six career activities were explored in the analysis. The hypothesized regression model was likelihood of choosing a STEM career (ODDS) = f (practical, productive, concrete activities; reading, study, analysis, and investigation; artistic, unusual, and creative activities; taking responsibility, providing leadership, and convincing; and helping others and being concerned for their welfare). A test of the full regression model against an intercept-only model was statistically significant ( χ 2  = 32.883, df = 6, p  < .01). The regression was reasonably strong with a McFadden’s R 2  = .78. The regression analysis correctly classified 72% of all cases, and 100% of those who were likely to choose a STEM career.

The regression revealed that students who preferred career activities involving reading, study, analysis, and investigation were 1.8 times more likely to pursue a STEM career (probability = .65) than those who did not prefer such activities. Students’ rating career activities involving routines and having an order were 1.5 times more likely (probability = .60) to pursue a STEM career than those who did not prefer such activities, while students with preferences for practical, productive, and concrete career activities were 1.5 times more likely to pursue a STEM career (probability = .60) compared to those who did not prefer such activities. The remaining career activities were not statistically significant predictors of the likelihood to pursue a STEM career (artistic, unusual, and creative activities; taking responsibility, providing leadership, and convincing others; helping others and being concerned for their welfare). These results revealed three out of the six career activities measured did have a statistically significant correlation with the likelihood that a student would consider pursuing a STEM career. The results are summarized in Table  12 .

These results stand in contrast to those for students’ career interests and the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career. Unlike the career interest analysis, students seeking routine career activities are more likely to pursue a STEM career. Also, students who ranked career interests involving helping others were more likely to pursue STEM careers, but this analysis showed that student preference for career activities involving helping others and being concerned for their welfare was not a statistically significant indicator of their likelihood to pursue a STEM career. Further, these results differ somewhat in terms of students’ preferences for practical activities. While career interests involving manual or mechanical skills were not statistical indicators of the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career, career activities involving practical, productive, and concrete activities were statistically significant. The career activity involving reading, study, analysis, and investigation was also statistically linked to students’ likelihood to pursue a STEM career, which seems reasonable given that such activities are at the heart of many STEM careers.

Youth vary widely in their career knowledge, interest, and intentions. Factors investigated in the present study examined STEM career knowledge, MSE, career activities, career interests, and the likelihood of students to pursue a STEM career.

Knowledge and self-efficacy

Results of the present study align with recent findings by Compeau et al. ( 2016 ), Nugent et al. ( 2015 ), and Zhang and Barnett ( 2015 ) show that self-efficacy along with knowledge of STEM careers are significant factors in whether or not adolescents pursue STEM careers. Findings also indicated that career knowledge is limited among middle school students and students seem to be unaware of their limited knowledge regarding STEM preparation. While approximately 70% of students reported that mathematics was an important requirement for a career in mechanical engineering, computer hardware design, and pharmacy, 50% or less were aware that it was also important in careers for ophthalmology, land surveyor, nutrition, and oral hygienist.

The issue of self-efficacy takes on particular significance as students progress through high school. Previous research by Murphy and Beggs ( 2005 ), Heilbronner ( 2009 ), and Mangu et al. ( 2015 ) have noted how young women have a lower self-efficacy in STEM during high school years. Previous research has also shown that interest in STEM and motivation to pursue STEM activities tends to wane over time for all high school students. The results of the current study agree with earlier findings that lower levels of MSE exist; we found approximately 34% of participants had low MSE scale totals. These findings raise concerns about the combined effects of students’ low MSE and their declining interest in STEM from early through to later grades and on the numbers of graduating high school students who will be inclined to choose a STEM career.

Results of the current study demonstrated that students in grades 7 and 9 had a broad range of favorite career activities with the majority (approximately 46%) stating that their strongest preference was for artistic and creative types of activities. Also, all of the possible activities were selected by at least one third of the group. Interestingly, approximately 50% of participants selected their career interest as being “working with people,” but relative to career activities, only one third of participants selected “helping people.” However, this is not surprising given that one can have an interest but may not want to have a career working in that activity. For example, one may be interested in art, but have no interest, or lack sufficient talent, to pursue a career in the field (Holland 1973 ). Also, middle school students may not be able to discriminate between the nuances between career activities and interests in the way that older students and young adults would. Although a focus group study may be able to further elucidate this issue, this is beyond the scope of the current study.

Working with others and participating in creative types of activities are important findings that relate to current issues in education in Canada. A recent study (Ayar and Yalvac 2016 ) found that many STEM careers are team-based, creative, and require technical, scientific, and problem solving skills. However, in Canada, many post-secondary programs continue to focus more on memorizing and replicating science content knowledge. Further study of this possible implication would be worthwhile.

While approximately 70% of participants stated they were likely to choose a STEM career, 30% were less likely to do so. Not all students have the financial means to pursue a career interest. In addition, career interest and motivation are highly time sensitive (Mangu et al. 2015 , p.55). Considering findings from studies such as Ayar and Yalvac ( 2016 ), as well as what we know about the decline in interest in STEM careers as students mature, these results suggest that there is room for increasing awareness, STEM career interest, and providing for better knowledge acquisition in the area of STEM careers. As well, our data suggests that alternative ways of teaching and evaluating STEM courses should be considered. Perhaps a greater emphasis on authentic means of teaching and evaluating STEM content that involves collaboration, problem solving, and application of STEM knowledge might serve to engage learners in more meaningful ways, thereby enabling continued motivation and interest in STEM careers as students progress through secondary and post-secondary education. Does a higher MSE lead students to consider pursuing STEM careers and lead them to becoming more informed about the career requirements or do students who have higher knowledge of STEM careers become more competent in mathematics? Are these factors simply correlational and reflect students who are high in both measures or low in both measures? While these questions cannot be answered in this research, it is interesting to note that MSE may play a role, or be a leading indicator, for STEM career knowledge.

Influence of mathematics self-efficacy on career knowledge, interest and activities

Our results indicate that while there is a relationship between career knowledge and MSE, we did not find a relationship among career interests or activities with MSE. The assumption that having a positive sense of mathematics skill would correlate with STEM career interests and activities was not supported. Follow-up research involving interviews with participants about their understanding of career interests, activities, and MSE, would provide more an in-depth understanding. Based on findings by Simpkins et al. ( 2006 ) it was expected that there would be a relationship among interests, activities and MSE as their findings indicated that in junior high beliefs about competency and interests begin to solidify. Further research may help to uncover reasons for not seeing such a correlation in this analysis.

Influence of grade level on STEM career knowledge, interest, and activities

Results indicate that there were significant differences between grade 7 and grade 9 students in the present study relative to STEM career knowledge. Overall, students in grade 9 were more knowledgeable than grade 7 students about STEM careers. The differences formed an interesting and consistent pattern that more grade 7 students expressed interest in manual and mechanical skills than grade 9 students who tended to have more interest in working with people. Further, more grade 7 students expressed interests in practical and concrete types of activities while more grade 9 students expressed interests in helping people and being concerned for their welfare. Reasons for this shift are not clearly understood. As noted by Lent ( 2005 ), career interest, choice, and personal goals form a complex chain involving performance, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. As well, socio-cultural factors also need to be considered along with opportunity for exposure (Fouad and Smith 1996 ; Kuncel et al. 2005 ; Lent et al. 1994 ). As with the relationship among self-efficacy, knowledge, interests, and activities, in-depth research involving student interviews may result in greater understanding of the reasons for these shifts and their impact on later careers.

Factors influencing positive statements involving the likelihood of choosing a STEM career

Regression analyses revealed that participants with stronger STEM career knowledge were slightly more likely to pursue a STEM career and that students with higher MSE scores were also slightly more likely to choose a STEM career. Also, grade level was not a differentiating factor, which was anticipated given the small distance between the experiences of grade 7 versus grade 9 students. As noted in many previous studies (Lent et al. 1994 ; Kuncel et al. 2005 ), knowledge of STEM careers and self-efficacy in mathematics are statistically significant factors in the likelihood that participants will pursue STEM careers.

Interest in technical and scientific skills is a strong predictor of the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career with those who indicated a preference for technical and scientific skills being 5.4 times more likely to indicate the likelihood of choosing a STEM career compared to those who rated working with people as their stronger interest. Indeed, preferences for practical, productive, and concrete activities also indicated a stronger likelihood of pursuing STEM careers than those who do not prefer such activities. Implications of these findings point to improving methods for providing information on the skills and nature of the work in STEM careers particularly in fields such as engineering and technology (which have an important focus on team work, problem solving, and creativity) as well as on technical and scientific skills.

Overall, results of the present study show that career knowledge is limited among middle school students and that they have a declining interest in STEM and have low MSE scores. Students are interested in careers that involve a wide variety of activities but do not appear to relate these activities to STEM careers. Our results point to the importance of finding and expanding on ways to increase authentic learning opportunities in secondary school in Atlantic Canada such that students are better able to participate in collaboration, problem solving, and the application of scientific knowledge in their classes. Such learning opportunities would ensure that students have access to more information on the actual nature of work in the STEM field and what is required to pursue these careers. This strategy would also serve as a motivator to those who are not aware that STEM careers involve people skills, creativity, and problem solving.

Abbreviations

Confirmatory factor analysis

• Mathematics self-efficacy

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

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Funding was provided to author by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We are grateful to the individuals who helped our team obtain parental consent forms and parents for providing consent for the children to participate in this study.

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Blotnicky, K.A., Franz-Odendaal, T., French, F. et al. A study of the correlation between STEM career knowledge, mathematics self-efficacy, career interests, and career activities on the likelihood of pursuing a STEM career among middle school students. IJ STEM Ed 5 , 22 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0118-3

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10 creative research topics for students (2024)

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Research is a key part of student life, but deciding which topic to research can take time and effort. The right research topic typically aligns with your skills and interests, has current relevance, and can positively impact the world.

In this article, you’ll find some helpful examples to help you get started.

• What is a research topic, and what is it for?

Research topics enable students to drill down into a specific aspect of a subject to broaden their knowledge and share learnings with others. They are typically used to make discoveries or develop fresh viewpoints.

A research topic defines the specific theme that research will be conducted around. It’s essential for providing a key focus for the work to be completed. Ultimately, it defines a core problem or knowledge gap that needs to be solved. 

A clear topic helps define what is being studied and how that information will be communicated to others.

• Research topic vs. research question

A research topic is a broad theme of focus that requires further investigation. It’s the project’s overall subject—an aspect of which will be studied.

A research topic example could be “The effects of meditation on stress reduction.”

A research question is a specific inquiry that researchers want to investigate and answer to broaden their knowledge and make new discoveries. Research questions are much more specific, focusing on a very small aspect of the overall topic.

The right research question will specifically set out what is being researched so there is no ambiguity.

Here’s an example of a research question within the topic: “How does meditation impact stress, anxiety, and burnout in the workplace?”

• What makes a good research paper topic?

Here are the characteristics that make some topics more favorable and useful than others:

Clarity: a helpful research topic should be clearly understood to ensure the integrity of the research. It should be clear to the student and mentor/professor what the topic is and how it will be explored.

Originality: answering questions that have already been researched and answered many times before could be a waste of resources. Answering original questions is key to getting the most out of research. This might involve researching topics that have already been covered from a different angle or exploring an entirely new topic.

Relevance: it’s helpful to ensure that a research topic is related to your expertise and your access to resources. This will ensure that the research topic is relevant to you.

Ethical : ethics should always be considered when conducting research. Your research shouldn’t cause physical or mental harm to any participants. You should also consider animal and environmental ethics.

• How can I choose a good topic for my research paper?

With so many topics to choose from, selecting a topic for your research paper can be overwhelming. That’s why it’s a good idea to consider these three points to make the best choice:

1. Lean into personal interest

Being interested and experienced in a particular field will make the research more interesting, relevant, and straightforward to conduct.

Your interest will mean you’re committed and motivated to discover the answer to your research question. Being personally engaged also makes the process more enjoyable.

One caveat to keep in mind is the potential for bias. If you are invested in the research having a particular result, you must ensure it’s accurate, double-checked, and reviewed by an impartial party.

2. Choose a topic with enough information

Your research project might fail if you don’t have access to sufficient information and resources. There needs to be enough information to gain deep insights into the research at hand.

Consider the resources you have within your project limits. If your research has funding, carefully work out what that funding could be used for. If not, you may need to consider research that you’ll be able to complete with access to public records and other free resources.

Timings, finances, access to participants, and publicly accessible information will all need to be considered before choosing the final topic to research.

3. Consider the guidelines

You’ll need to adhere to the specific guidelines that your school, mentor, or professor have laid out. They may request that the topic be related to public interest, a currently challenging topic for the environment, or another parameter.

When considering those guidelines, make ethical considerations. Your school or university is unlikely to permit unethical research.

• How to find research topics to write about

Even though there’s an endless range of topics to research, you might not know where to begin. Starting with background reading, mind mapping, and speaking with mentors can help mold general ideas into useful topics and questions.

Extensive reading: completing background reading of educational databases, journals, and scientific studies can help provide a good working knowledge of what is currently being researched and identify key gaps.

Social problems: current challenges on both a local and global scale can make excellent research questions. Whether it’s investigating climate change, human health, or the impact of pandemics, there’s likely to be large human interest if you research social problems and challenges. The research you conduct may even have a positive impact on the world around you.

Mind mapping: brainstorming different ideas inspired by your background reading and personal interests can lead to ideal research topics. Create a large mind map, whether in a notebook or on a whiteboard, to get all your ideas down on paper. You may be surprised at what unique ideas you come up with.

Speak to mentors: running topics over with your professor or mentor could prove very helpful. They may be able to help you refine your ideas, provide feedback on research questions, and offer useful suggestions to ensure the topic you pick is appropriate.

• The top 10 research topics for students

Here are some of the top 10 research topics and research areas for students. Whether in high school, senior high school, or college, these topics are important and relevant for students today.

You might use these ideas as starting points for your own original research topics and research questions.

1. High school research paper topic ideas

Research topics in high school can promote critical thinking , personal growth, and problem-solving skills.

Some of the most relevant research topics for high schoolers revolve around social and political issues, as those are often core topics within the school curriculum. Also, students are often interested in how they can positively impact the world around them, so topics within social change and social issues are particularly relevant.

The impacts of bullying

Bullying and its impacts are an interesting and relevant topic for high school students. Students may want to consider ways to mitigate bullying or explore whether bullying can affect people long-term.

Some specific research questions within the bullying topic are:

What is the evidence that parental support can alleviate the impact of bullying in schools?

What are the effects of bullying and victimization on short-term mental health?

How can we predict adolescents’ bullying participation and understand the participant roles of bullying in different grades?

Social media in high schools

With social media use prolific in the modern world, students may be particularly interested to learn about how it impacts humans. Students may want to research the effects of different social media types, ways to reduce social media use, or how social media is impacting people around the world.

Some topics within social media could be:

Is there a correlation between social media use and academic performance?

What are the effects of social media use on mental health in people aged 12–18?

How does social media use affect self-esteem in students?

2. Psychology research paper topics

Psychology is a broadly studied topic with many possible avenues for exploration. Whether you’d like to understand how the human brain works, ways to boost mental health, or treatment options in psychology, there are endless options.

Here are some of the top 10 research topics for college students in psychology: 

Increasing happiness

Some specific research questions related to happiness include the following:

What are the factors driving the fear of leaning into happiness in American society?

How can practicing vulnerability reduce stress and boost happiness?

What impact does forest bathing have on overall mood scores?

Mitigating anxiety

With 37% of US adults more anxious in 2023 than in 2022, anxiety as a research topic is very relevant.

Below are some example research questions:

How does chronic anxiety impact people’s day-to-day lives?

What is the impact of meditation interventions on anxiety?

Is there data to support physical exercise interventions for anxiety disorders?

3. Science research paper topics

Scientific research covers many study fields. From biology and chemistry to physics and biochemistry, science helps researchers discover critical information about humans and our world.

Here are a few potential topics for exploration:

Reducing pandemic risk

Given the impact of COVID-19, mitigating the risk of a future pandemic is of significant human interest. A student may look at ways to improve pandemic responses, identify future pandemics, boost vaccine adoption, and reduce the spread of misinformation. 

Specific research questions include the following:

How can AI help predict future pandemics?

How does animal breeding contribute to zoonotic disease risk?

What are the key ways to identify and control a potential future pandemic before it becomes widespread?

Renewable energy

With climate change and the planet’s health a major concern for many scientists, investigations into more environmentally friendly and renewable energy sources are of great social interest.

Here are some research questions about renewable energy to consider:

What is the economic feasibility of widespread renewable energy use across the US?

How could wind, water, and solar energy reduce global emissions?

What are the core factors preventing the widespread use of renewable energy?

4. Good environmental research topics

Climate change impacts every person on the planet, so it can make an excellent research topic. Particularly for the younger generation, climate change is an interesting and often concerning discussion topic. Gen Z, for example, speaks much more actively about climate change both on and offline.

Climate change on a global scale

Some specific research questions within the climate change topic are:

What is the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest?

What impact could the use of solar power have in the US in relation to carbon emissions?

How do carbon dioxide emissions affect ocean acidity levels?

5. Argumentative research paper topics

Setting out a specific argument and exploring the topic can make for interesting research. Argumentative research topics are typically related to human interest, issues that impact us on a global scale, or challenges that particular social groups face.

Affirmative action

With rising interest in equality, researching affirmative action—designed to prevent the impacts of discrimination—is a relevant research topic for high school and college students.

Some specific questions relating to affirmative action could be:

Does affirmative action promote equality in the workplace?

What is the evidence that affirmative action is helpful in university admissions?

How has the affirmative action ban impacted the tech industry?

The ethical use of AI

AI use is expanding rapidly across the globe, so there’s growing interest in its impacts and the need for ethical usage.

Some research questions relating to AI include the following:

Could AI lead to more global conflict?

Can ethical legislation reduce the risk of AI and its implementation?

How many jobs could be impacted by AI in 2025?

6. Human rights paper topics

Human rights impact everyone on the planet, so it’s a topic that’s of continual interest.

Research in this area could cover human rights in the workplace, privacy rights, gender equality, and much more.

International human rights

International human rights is a complex yet critical area of global interest. Human rights help protect people’s freedom and safety around the world.

What are ways to reduce human rights violations in conflict zones?

What is the impact of organizations such as Amnesty International on international human rights?

In what ways can governments enforce human rights globally?

LGBTQI+ rights

With LGBTQI+ issues gaining a brighter spotlight in mainstream media, research into this area can be very beneficial, not just for those impacted by discrimination but for society as a whole.

Here are some potential research questions:

How can gender dysphoria impact transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents’ mental health and quality of life?

What are ways to boost mental health for those who experience discrimination due to their sexual orientation or gender identity?

How could genderless bathrooms increase access and safety for LGBTQI+ people?

7. US history research paper topics

The US has a vast and interesting history, which forms part of the curriculum in many high schools and colleges. Different aspects of this history can make relevant fields of research, such as the following:

What factors that led to the abolishment of slavery in the US are relevant in politics today?

How did the Founding Fathers shape the US political system, and what can be learned?

Why did the Louisiana Purchase have such a significant impact on US history?

8. Law enforcement research topics

Maintaining law and order in society is highly complex. Exploring how law enforcement can benefit society as a whole can be a rewarding field of study.

Some possible law enforcement topics include the following:

How can data analysis and intelligence-led policing reduce crime?

What is the role of Crisis Intervention Training in policing?

How can data improve the enforcement of cybersecurity laws?

9. Business research paper topics

Business is a broad area of study with many possible directions for research papers. Business drives the economy, providing jobs and industry. It’s the cornerstone of society, so research in this area is always of social interest. 

Here are some possible business research topics to consider:

How can data analysis impact consumer purchasing decisions?

What are some of the key dilemmas in ethical business practices?

How can diversity and inclusion be boosted in the workforce?

10. Economics research paper topics

Whether you choose to focus on microeconomics, macroeconomics, or applied fields, economics research can take you in many directions.

Below are some general economics paper topics:

What are the widespread impacts of the gig economy?

How can investing in female-founded businesses impact economies in developing countries?

How does progressive taxation impact income inequality?

It all starts with the right research question  

Successful research starts with the right question, regardless of your chosen topic.

Taking time to pose a relevant and clear research question will help you discover new insights, learnings, and evidence.

Research is the very thing that drives human knowledge. Remember, your research might not just impact you but also the world and people around you.

How can I get research ideas?

To come up with research ideas, you might find it helpful to do some background reading, consider current social issues, lean into your skills and interests, and speak to a mentor or professor. Brainstorming and mind mapping can also help.

What is a good research question?

A good research question should be clear, relevant, original, and ethical. You should also have access to the necessary resources to perform the research thoroughly.

How do I create a title for my research topic?

The right title for a research topic is clear and relevant to your field of study. Ideally, it’s an original idea and refers to the specific question you’re posing.

What are some good qualitative research topics?

Qualitative research involves analyzing people’s attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors.

There are qualitative research topics across almost every field of study, including psychology, education, social sciences, human resources, technology, and healthcare.

What qualitative research topics can be good for STEM students?

For STEM (​​science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students, qualitative research topics could revolve around social impacts and perceptions of science and technology.

Here are some examples:

How the general population views climate change

The potential social impacts of AI

How to use Big Data ethically

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Teenagers’ motivation dips in high school. But research shows supportive teachers can really help

Scientia Professor and Professor of Educational Psychology, UNSW Sydney

Scientia Associate Professor of Educational Psychology, UNSW Sydney

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Andrew J. Martin sits on the Advisory Board of Centre for Education Statistics and Evaluation in the New South Wales Department of Education. Funding for the research mentioned in this article was provided by the NSW Department of Education.

Rebecca J. Collie receives funding from the New South Wales Department of Education.

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Adolescence is often characterised as a time of “ storm and stress ”.

Young people are dealing with physical and cognitive changes and, as they move from childhood, can become increasingly distant from the adults in their lives.

In academic terms, this time of major hormonal change is also accompanied by a well-known dip in students’ motivation and engagement at school. This often coincides with students’ going to high school.

How can schools better help young people at this time? In a new four-year study we looked at the role of teaching support. We were especially interested to know if teachers’ influence on students’ motivation and engagement grows or fades across the adolescent years.

Read more: Too many Year 9 students are missing school. What can parents and teachers do to keep them engaged?

Our study involved 7,769 Year 6 New South Wales government school students who were tracked annually into Year 9. The students were part of the NSW Department of Education’s annual “Tell Them From Me” student survey .

Students were asked questions about the teaching support they received, as well as questions about their motivation and engagement. They were given a 0–4 point rating scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree).

There were three categories of teaching support:

emotional support : did teachers support and care for students?

instrumental support : did teachers have clear expectations for students and did they make learning content seem relevant?

management support : were there clear rules and routines for the class?

Motivation was measured through students’ academic aspirations about the future and how much they valued school (or saw it as important). Engagement was assessed via students’ perseverance, efforts with homework, making school friends and whether they had any behaviour issues.

In our analysis we also accounted for students’ backgrounds, such as gender, socioeconomic status and prior academic achievement.

Our findings

Our findings confirm there is a decline in students’ motivation and engagement from Year 6 to Year 9 (around 18% in total). This is consistent with the known dip in early- to mid-adolescence.

But we also found in each of these four years, teaching support overall (and each of the three teaching support categories) was significantly associated with students’ motivation and engagement.

That is, more teaching support was linked to greater student aspirations, valuing school, perseverance, homework effort, connections with school friends and less misconduct at school.

Of particular note, we found the link between teaching support and students’ motivation and engagement strengthened each year. For example, teaching support was more strongly linked to students’ motivation and engagement in Year 9 than it was in Year 8. Taken together, between Year 6 and Year 9, there was a 40% increase in the role of teaching support in students’ motivation and engagement.

What this means

This is an empowering finding for teachers because adolescence is typically seen as a time when the influence of adults declines. Our results show students remain within their teacher’s orbit as they move further into adolescence.

What can we do?

Previous research suggests ideas for how teachers can provide emotional support , instructional support , and management support to students, including:

spending time getting to know students

respecting students’ individuality

listening to students’ perspectives

providing emotional encouragement when needed

ensuring content and tasks are interesting and meaningful to students

explaining how schoolwork is useful for other schoolwork, or things outside school (for example, world events or paid work)

having clear, consistent, and logical expectations about classroom behaviour

encouraging student input as classroom rules are developed.

There are also further practical ideas in a NSW Department of Education guide that accompanies our study.

With thanks to Mary Stephan, Anaïd Flesken, Fiona Halcrow and Brianna McCourt from the Centre for Education Statistics and Evaluation, NSW Department of Education. The “Tell Them From Me” survey mentioned in this article is the intellectual property of education resources company, The Learning Bar.

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