importance of literature presentation

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literature , a body of written works. The name has traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. Literature may be classified according to a variety of systems, including language , national origin, historical period, genre , and subject matter.

For historical treatment of various literatures within geographical regions, see such articles as African literature ; African theater ; Oceanic literature ; Western literature ; Central Asian arts ; South Asian arts ; and Southeast Asian arts . Some literatures are treated separately by language, by nation, or by special subject (e.g., Arabic literature , Celtic literature , Latin literature , French literature , Japanese literature , and biblical literature ).

Definitions of the word literature tend to be circular. The 11th edition of Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary considers literature to be “writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest.” The 19th-century critic Walter Pater referred to “the matter of imaginative or artistic literature” as a “transcript, not of mere fact, but of fact in its infinitely varied forms.” But such definitions assume that the reader already knows what literature is. And indeed its central meaning, at least, is clear enough. Deriving from the Latin littera , “a letter of the alphabet,” literature is first and foremost humankind’s entire body of writing; after that it is the body of writing belonging to a given language or people; then it is individual pieces of writing.

But already it is necessary to qualify these statements. To use the word writing when describing literature is itself misleading, for one may speak of “oral literature” or “the literature of preliterate peoples.” The art of literature is not reducible to the words on the page; they are there solely because of the craft of writing. As an art, literature might be described as the organization of words to give pleasure. Yet through words literature elevates and transforms experience beyond “mere” pleasure. Literature also functions more broadly in society as a means of both criticizing and affirming cultural values.

The scope of literature

Literature is a form of human expression. But not everything expressed in words—even when organized and written down—is counted as literature. Those writings that are primarily informative—technical, scholarly, journalistic—would be excluded from the rank of literature by most, though not all, critics. Certain forms of writing, however, are universally regarded as belonging to literature as an art. Individual attempts within these forms are said to succeed if they possess something called artistic merit and to fail if they do not. The nature of artistic merit is less easy to define than to recognize. The writer need not even pursue it to attain it. On the contrary, a scientific exposition might be of great literary value and a pedestrian poem of none at all.

The purest (or, at least, the most intense) literary form is the lyric poem, and after it comes elegiac, epic , dramatic, narrative, and expository verse. Most theories of literary criticism base themselves on an analysis of poetry , because the aesthetic problems of literature are there presented in their simplest and purest form. Poetry that fails as literature is not called poetry at all but verse . Many novels —certainly all the world’s great novels—are literature, but there are thousands that are not so considered. Most great dramas are considered literature (although the Chinese , possessors of one of the world’s greatest dramatic traditions, consider their plays, with few exceptions, to possess no literary merit whatsoever).

The Greeks thought of history as one of the seven arts, inspired by a goddess, the muse Clio. All of the world’s classic surveys of history can stand as noble examples of the art of literature, but most historical works and studies today are not written primarily with literary excellence in mind, though they may possess it, as it were, by accident.

The essay was once written deliberately as a piece of literature: its subject matter was of comparatively minor importance. Today most essays are written as expository, informative journalism , although there are still essayists in the great tradition who think of themselves as artists. Now, as in the past, some of the greatest essayists are critics of literature, drama , and the arts.

Some personal documents ( autobiographies , diaries , memoirs , and letters ) rank among the world’s greatest literature. Some examples of this biographical literature were written with posterity in mind, others with no thought of their being read by anyone but the writer. Some are in a highly polished literary style; others, couched in a privately evolved language, win their standing as literature because of their cogency, insight, depth, and scope.

Many works of philosophy are classed as literature. The Dialogues of Plato (4th century bc ) are written with great narrative skill and in the finest prose; the Meditations of the 2nd-century Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius are a collection of apparently random thoughts, and the Greek in which they are written is eccentric . Yet both are classed as literature, while the speculations of other philosophers, ancient and modern, are not. Certain scientific works endure as literature long after their scientific content has become outdated. This is particularly true of books of natural history, where the element of personal observation is of special importance. An excellent example is Gilbert White’s Natural History and Antiquities of Selbourne (1789).

Oratory , the art of persuasion, was long considered a great literary art. The oratory of Native Americans, for instance, is famous, while in Classical Greece, Polymnia was the muse sacred to poetry and oratory. Rome’s great orator Cicero was to have a decisive influence on the development of English prose style. Abraham Lincoln ’s Gettysburg Address is known to every American schoolchild. Today, however, oratory is more usually thought of as a craft than as an art. Most critics would not admit advertising copywriting, purely commercial fiction , or cinema and television scripts as accepted forms of literary expression, although others would hotly dispute their exclusion. The test in individual cases would seem to be one of enduring satisfaction and, of course, truth. Indeed, it becomes more and more difficult to categorize literature, for in modern civilization words are everywhere. Humans are subject to a continuous flood of communication . Most of it is fugitive, but here and there—in high-level journalism, in television, in the cinema, in commercial fiction, in westerns and detective stories, and in plain, expository prose—some writing, almost by accident, achieves an aesthetic satisfaction, a depth and relevance that entitle it to stand with other examples of the art of literature.

.css-1qrtm5m{display:block;margin-bottom:8px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5714285714285714;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.35px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.35px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.35px;letter-spacing:-0.35px;font-weight:300;color:#606F7B;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1qrtm5m{font-size:16px;line-height:1.625;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.5px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.5px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.5px;letter-spacing:-0.5px;}} best practices The skill all powerful storytellers share — and why it’s more important now than ever

by TED Masterclass Team • September 30, 2021

To be human is to tell stories. Stories are how we make sense of the world and share our ideas, passions, and unique perspectives. This TED-Ed video shares how presentation literacy, a skill to improve public speaking, can transform storytelling into your superpower.

An impactful story stays with your audience long after you’ve told it. For thousands of years humans have shared stories that ignite a “spark” in their audience and evoke a sense of empathy, trust, and connection. Listeners pass powerful messages along, spreading interesting ideas and stories far and wide.

The importance of presentation literacy

While storytelling remains as critical as ever, the qualities of an impactful story have had to evolve to continue to captivate in our modern world. As the speed at which information and headlines are shared has accelerated, the average attention span has been reduced to just eight seconds . Eight seconds! In our current media environment it now requires more than words to captivate people. This is where presentation literacy comes into play.

Touted as “ a core skill of the 21st century ”, presentation literacy can be a critical skill to leverage in your career. It requires us to create a compelling story that engages the audience’s other senses too, using high-resolution pictures, videos, or music. Often, it’s a combination of all of the above in addition to words, spelled out and spoken, that make a story truly shine.

In mastering presentation literacy, a storyteller ushers in a clear vision, replete with supplementary audiovisual cues to convey a message or, perhaps, convince others of it. While honing presentation literacy is immensely rewarding, the idea of putting it to practice on the stage can be terrifying to many people .

What presentation literacy can teach you

Many powerful speakers have struggled with stage anxiety. Even some acclaimed TED speakers, as shared by TED curator Chris Anderson , aren’t exempt from this: Monica Lewinsky thought she wasn’t worthy of a spot on the TED stage; Jacqueline Novogratz resisted public speaking in her younger years; and even Elon Musk wasn’t reputed as a “public speaker.” And yet, their TED Talks have been collectively viewed over 60 million times.

These speakers were able to cast aside their insecurities to tell a story that they wanted others to hear. And as a result, they have amassed millions of views and received critical acclaim among their colleagues and many of those who’ve listened to their Talks.

Mastering public speaking and presentation literacy isn’t just limited to speaking onstage. The skill is also valuable in your everyday life. It can teach you how to communicate with others effectively, articulate your ideas clearly, and speak with confidence, whether to colleagues, new acquaintances, family, or friends.

Innovating storytelling

Technology has opened up avenues that allow us to tell our stories in myriad ways. Anderson explains, “we live in an age where you don’t have to be able to speak to thousands of people at a time to have an outsized impact. It could just be you talking intimately to a video camera, and letting the Internet do the rest.”

The hardest part is plucking up the courage to try. We’re ready when you are: To learn how to hone your presentation literacy skills and master public speaking, visit our website, TED Masterclass . Our course guides you through the storytelling process, so you can present your most pressing ideas clearly, concisely, and impactfully.

© 2024 TED Conferences, LLC. All rights reserved. Please note that the TED Talks Usage policy does not apply to this content and is not subject to our creative commons license.

Importance of Studying Literature

Jan 17, 2022

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Studying literature broadens our minds since we gain a better understanding of people who are different from us. If you wish to know the importance of studying literature then here know the complete guide. Alternatively, we might come across characters or poems that resonate deeply with us u2014 it can be extremely gratifying to find out that your exact thoughts and feelings have been shared with someone else.<br><br>

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Studying literature broadens our minds since we gain a better understanding of people who are different from us. If you wish to know the importance of studying literature then here know the complete guide. Alternatively, we might come across characters or poems that resonate deeply with us — it can be extremely gratifying to find out that your exact thoughts and feelings have been shared with someone else.

Since literature displays such effects, we are encouraged to pay attention to the full range of human experiences as we make decisions in our daily lives. • In addition to improving our writing skills, studying literature also allows us to expand our vocabulary.

People these days tend to forget how important literature is, or they underestimate its ability to stand the test of time and impart great knowledge. • The stigma in society asserts that those whose interests lie more in science and math will somehow be more successful in life, while those who are more enthusiastic about literature and other art forms will be restricted to low-wage jobs and unfulfilling careers. • Literature has been marginalized somewhere along the way.

What is Literature? • Literature encompasses a wide range of written expressions. There are several types of poetry and drama, as well as short stories, essays, and letters. • The selection ranges from epic works such as The Iliad to modern murder mysteries such as those by Agatha Christie.

Many people believe that any writing is literature, whereas not all writing is literature. • Generally, the best literary works are those that have been written over time, by many different authors, usually after being inspired by earlier literary works. • These works are considered among the best examples of the art form, and they discuss universal themes.

Top Reasons Why Literature is Important • In general, individuals describe literature as writing that has cultural, artistic, and/or intellectual importance. • In this type of writing, complex issues are examined, and readers are encouraged to consider new viewpoints. • What is the purpose of literature? Below are the reasons:

1. Stress can be relieved by Literature • Literature relieves stress and anxiety, and that’s no secret to readers. • Reading a good book does wonder for a stressed mind. • A fast heartbeat can be slowed down by reading, reducing anxiety, and taking the reader’s sense off their racing ideas.

2. Literature inspires imagination • Among the finest methods to cultivate a vigorous imagination is to read, according to the World Literacy Foundation. Watching a movie requires very little mental work, whereas reading words from a page requires readers to mentally create the scene. • In addition to strengthening the imagination, this exercise promotes creative thinking and innovation.

3. Literature keeps the brain active and healthy • The benefits of reading to the brain cannot be ignored. In addition to improving concentration, reading can also stretch the imagination. • A person can keep their brain healthy and active by exercising it regularly. Alzheimer’s and dementia are degenerative brain disorders that can be delayed with regular mental stimulation.

4. Literature helps a person to expand their vocabularies • The vocabulary in literature is often more challenging than that in magazines or light books. Many readers might be unfamiliar with the language used in books published in the past. • A person’s vocabulary is expanded by reading a wide range of literature. The study of literature is a great way to enhance language skills for those learning new languages.

5. Literature enhances a person’s writing skills • Reading more will help an individual improve their writing. In order to improve, most successful authors praise reading. • In addition to fueling imagination and expanding vocabulary, literature provides insight into different literary styles, ideas organization, character development, and more.

6. Communication skills are improved by reading literature • Reading improves a reader’s ability to write, which helps them to become a better communicator. This extends to their daily interactions and conversations as well. • Every aspect of life requires good communication, from career to personal relationships. When people are exposed to literature at a young age, they are able to build communication skills right away. • Reading helps adults enhance their communication skills.

7. Literature motivates critical thinking • To live a fulfilling life, we must think critically. It helps people figure out what the truth is and work through problems. Literature is an excellent way for students to learn how to think critically. • To fully understand what’s going on in the book, readers must pay attention to details, form relationships, and develop their individual ideas. • Textbooks are frequently used by teachers to help expand students’ vital thinking skills. They will be nicely prepared for their future careers with this tool.

8. Readers learn about history through literature • People say history repeats itself if we don’t learn from it. Literature offers a unique way to engage with history. It is much more exciting than learning a timeline or memorizing facts. • Regardless of the book’s fiction or focus, readers are exposed to perspectives from the time when it was written. In ancient China, books from 19th century England reveal different truths.

9. Reading literature can motivate kindness • Empathy is necessary at every level of society, or we descend into a dog-eat-dog atmosphere, which harms everyone. The study of literature has shown that reading can make one feel more empathic. • Fictional literature has a particularly powerful effect on empathizing. Why? Because it forces the reader to put themselves in the shoes of more complex characters. • Scientists at Princeton’s Social Neurosciences lab have discovered that reading fiction regularly improves one’s ability to guess what other people are feeling and thinking. • The idea that literature can help us grow as individuals are intriguing, even if it hasn’t been proven by science.

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Importance of literature review

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Development of Chemical Probes to Study Protein Guanosine Monophosphorylation

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in regulating protein function and location. Protein AMPylation, the addition of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), significantly influences protein trafficking, stability, and pathogenic virulence. The Fic Domain family of proteins targets hydroxyl-containing amino acid residues (Ser, Thr, or Tyr), catalyzing the addition of various phosphate-containing moieties such as nucleoside monophosphates (NMPs), phosphocholine, and phosphate. Using gene mining techniques, Dr. Seema Mattoo’s group has identified a clade of Fic domain containing proteins typified by the enzyme originating from Bordetella bronchiseptica (BbFic) which prefers utilizing guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a substrate over other nucleotides. To understand the physiological role of GMPylation, identifying the proteins modified by BbFic is a first critical step and can be accomplished via mass spectrometry-based proteomics. For a low stoichiometry PTM like GMPylation, however, there is a need to develop chemical tools that enable the targeted enrichment of modified protein. Identifying key interactions between substrate proteins and the BbFic nucleotide binding site will enable development of highly specific molecular tags for Fic substrates.

The goal of this research project, therefore, is to design chemical probes to tag Fic enzyme substrates, thereby facilitating the identification of GMPylated proteins in chemical proteomics workflows. A set of ATP and GTP analogues carrying either alkyne or azide handles were proposed as possible probes. While 8-azido guanosine showed a high docking score in our in-silico study, literature reports highlight its chemical instability upon exposure to air and light. An alternative probe, the 8-ethynyl guanosine, also showed a high docking score and docks in the same position and orientation as guanosine (the natural ligand) but necessitates synthetically challenging via cross-coupling reactions.

We considered multiple GMP analogues as potential molecular tags with the assistance of molecular docking with the BbFic enzyme. With predicted binding affinities in hand, we prioritized candidate GTP analogs for synthesis to probe the BbFic-mediated protein GMPylation process. While N6 propargyl guanosine serves as a lead probe for AMPylation, computational analysis reveals challenges with O6 due to its altered hydrogen bond donor/acceptor presentation. The distinctive chemical properties of guanosine, compared to adenosine, require a thorough evaluation of protective group strategies, as not all synthetic methodologies used for ATP analogue synthesis are applicable to GTP analogues. Isolating the triphosphate analogue proved challenging, although purification of the monophosphorylated counterpart is feasible. The Protide analogue benefits from phosphate charge masking, which facilitates purification. While much work remains until the physiological role of GMPylation can be determined, important progress has been made in the design and synthesis of chemical tools for studying this newly discovered PTM.

Degree Type

• Master of Science

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• West Lafayette

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Additional committee member 2, additional committee member 3, usage metrics.

• Organic chemical synthesis
• Biologically active molecules