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Section 1: Water Resources

Published by Bertram Carpenter Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Section 1: Water Resources"— Presentation transcript:

Water Resources Water is essential to life on Earth. Humans can live for more than month without food, but we can live for only a few days without water.

Water Resources.

Water Resources Section #1: Chapter 11.

Water Terms

Active Reading Workbook pg Turn in. Then open book to page 290.

Warm Up Think about where water comes from. Is there more or less water on Earth than there was 1 billion years ago?

Water Underground S6E3 Students will recognize the significant role of water in Earth processes. S6E3.a Explain that a large portion of the Earth’s.

Chapter 11: Water.

Earth is the only planet with liquid water at its surface.

WaterSection 1 Water Resources Water is essential to life on Earth. Humans can live for more than month without food, but we can live for only a few days.

The Water Cycle Also called the hydrologic cycle Describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth The balance of.

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Chapter 11 Water Two kinds Salt water Freshwater We can only live a few days without water, but we can live a month without food.

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Water is Life - Instructional Slide Deck

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Explore the characteristics of natural resources that make them useful in products and materials such as clothing and furniture and how resources may be conserved.

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Where Does Water Come From? Instructional Tools

Imagine a world without water. No oceans, no rivers, no lakes, and no rain. It’s a terrifying thought, but unfortunately, it’s becoming a reality for many regions of our planet. As educators, we have the power to make a difference by teaching our students about the importance of water to the earth, where we get our water, and the urgent need to conserve it. We’ve been busy building new resources to help your students become water-wise individuals who will positively impact our world’s future.

Water is Life! Your Science Lesson Plans are in the Bag!

With this visually stunning and informative presentation, students will explore our water sources, learn about the water cycle, and discover practical ways to conserve water. Each slide is designed to spark curiosity and encourage critical thinking, with engaging pictures and opportunities for discussion to reinforce learning. With this tool, your students will gain a deep appreciation for the importance of water and become empowered to make a positive difference in the world.

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• Biology Article

Water is a precious natural resource. All living things need water for their survival. We cannot imagine life without water. Let it be animals or plants they require water to complete their daily metabolic activities. Plants require water to synthesize their food from the process of photosynthesis.

On average, an individual uses 600 to 700 litres in a day. We all can live without food for days together but cannot even imagine surviving without water, even plants become dry and shed their leaves without water.

Let us learn some more importance to water.

What is Water?

Water is one of the natural resources, which are found in an adequate amount. It is an essential source for the existence of life on the planet earth. It is widely used for various purposes such as drinking, washing, bathing, cleaning, cooking, irrigation, and other industrial and domestic uses.

Sources of Water

There are various sources of water. About 97% of the water on the Earth’s surface is covered with water. The three main sources of water are:

• Groundwater – This includes water bodies like Wells and Springs.
• Surface water – This includes different water bodies like Reservoirs, Rivers, Streams, Ponds, Lakes and Tanks.

Importance of Water

We all need water for different daily activities including:

• Domestic Purposes include bathing, cleaning, cooking, drinking, and washing.
• Agricultural applications include irrigation, farming, gardening, and frost control.
• Other Industrial Applications.

Apart from this, we drink water to:

• Stay hydrated
• Lubricate Joints
• Regulate the body’s temperature
• Transport nutrients and other waste in the body.
• Balance the loss of water from the digestive tract and body tissues.

Water Cycle

Water never stops moving. The water cycle mainly describes the process of the continuous movement of water from the surface of the earth and it is usually carried out in four different stages. The entire cycle is controlled by the sun and is also known as the hydrological cycle

Evaporation : In this stage, the heat from the sun heats up the water from oceans and other water bodies and evaporates the water in the form of vapours which rises up and form clouds.

Condensation : The water vapour’s in the clouds cools down.

Precipitation : The cooled water vapours in the clouds form droplets and released in the form of Precipitation back to the earth surface in the form of rain or snow.

Collection : The rainwater runs off to the ground and gets collected into the river, ponds, well, and back to the sea.

As mentioned above, about 97% of the water on the Earth’s surface is covered with water. Only 2 to 3% is available and safe for drinking. Rest of the water is saltwater and other two-thirds of the Earth’s freshwater is frozen in glaciers and these water resources are mostly inaccessible for human use.

This is the reason, we all need to reduce wasting this natural resource and conserve water for future requirements.

Also, read about How Can We Conserve Water?

Stay tuned with BYJU’S to learn more in detail about Water, Conservation of Water and other related topics @  BYJU’S Biology .

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Facts About Water

Yes, of course the most obvious fact about water is that it is wet, at least in the liquid state. But, there are many more facts about water that make it a most fascinating substance, one that all life on and in the Earth depends on.

Earth's Water

Water Basics by Topic

Related Science Topics

• Water properties
• How Much Water is There on Earth?
• Where is Earth's Water?
• Water properties true/false quiz
• The water cycle
• Definitions of water terms

•   Water Science School HOME   •   Water Basics topics   •  Water Properties topics   •

Water numbers

Some of water's physical properties:

• Weight: 62.416 pounds/cubic foot at 32°F; 1,000 kilograms/cubic meter
• Weight: 61.998 pounds/cubic foot at 100°F; 993 kilograms/cubic meter
• Weight: 8.33 pounds/gallon; 1 kilogram/liter
• Density: 1 gram/cubic centimeter (cc) at 39.2°F, 0.95865 gram/cc at 212°F

Some water volume comparisons:

• 1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 128 fluid ounces = 3.7854 liters
• 1 liter = 0.2642 gallons = 1.0568 quart
• 1 million gallons = 3.069 acre-feet = 133,685.64 cubic feet

Flow rates:

• 1 cubic foot/second (cfs) = 449 gallons/minute = 0.646 million gallons/day = 1.98 acre-feet/day

Water facts

Water is called the " universal solvent " because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. This means that wherever water goes, either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients.

Pure water has a neutral pH of 7, which is neither acidic (less than 7) nor basic (greater than 7).

The water molecule is highly cohesive   — it is very sticky, meaning water molecules stick to each other. Water is the most cohesive among the non-metallic liquids.

Water molecules are also adhesive  in that they stick to other surfaces. Both cohesion and adhesion make water molecules very sticky!

Pure water, which you won't ever find in the natural environment, does not conduct electricity . Water becomes a conductor once it starts dissolving substances around it.

Water has a high heat index —it absorbs a lot of heat before it begins to get hot. This is why water is valuable to industries and in your car's radiator as a coolant. The high heat index of water also helps regulate the rate at which air changes temperature, which is why the temperature change between seasons is gradual rather than sudden, especially near the oceans.

Water has a very high surface tension . In other words, water is sticky and elastic, and tends to clump together in drops rather than spread out in a thin film, like rubbing alcohol. Surface tension is responsible for capillary action , which allows water (and its dissolved substances) to move through the roots of plants and through the tiny blood vessels in our bodies.

Air pressure affects the boiling point of water, which is why it takes longer to boil an egg at Denver, Colorado than at the beach. The higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure, the lower the boiling point of water, and thus, the longer time to hard-boil an egg. At sea level water boils at 212°F (100°C), while at 5,000 feet, water boils at 202.9°F (94.9 °C).

Other science topics related to water properties.

Water Properties Information by Topic

pH and Water

Water Properties Questions & Answers

Surface Tension and Water

Teacher's Resources for Water Education

The USGS Water Science School offers many resources to help teach students all about water. 

Water Properties Photo Gallery

Water, the Universal Solvent

Conductivity (electrical conductance) and water.

Specific Heat Capacity and Water

Water Density

Capillary Action and Water

Adhesion and Cohesion of Water

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Water Resources PPT | Powerpoint Presentation | PDF

Water Resources PPT | Powerpoint Presentation | PDF : Present drinking water can be defined into three different classifications and they are mentioned below:

• Surface water
• Groundwater
• GUDISW i.e. groundwater under the direct influence of surface water

Also See: Land Pollution PPT and PDF

Surface Water:

Surface water is water that is not closed to the atmosphere and outcomes from overland flow. It is also explained as an outcome of surface runoff. Few examples of surface water are mentioned below:

• Impoundments which are made by man
• Shallow wells which are affected by precipitation
• Wells which are drilled beside a river or in a river
• Wells which are drilled beside a stream or in a stream
• Tundra ponds
• Rain catchments

Also See: Non Technical Topics

Advantages of Surface Water:

Advantages of surface water are mentioned below:

• It has an easy location.
• It does not take any highly developed machinery to find the sources of surface water.
• In many parts of United States, information is available on quality and quantity of present supplies of surface water.
• Surface water is softer when compared with the groundwater and this feature of surface water makes treatment of water to be simpler.

Disadvantages of Surface Water:

Disadvantages of surface water are mentioned below:

• Surface water can be easily contaminated.
• Turbidity fluctuates with a level of precipitation.
• Surface water’s temperature also fluctuates with a level of ambient temperature.
• Surface water sources may freeze in winters.
• Legal rights are required to remove surface water from lakes, streams etc.

Also See: Water Pollution PPT

Storage of Raw Water:

The areas of raw water storage are made to meet demands of water when the flow of water is at a low level. Types of raw water storage are explained in below diagram:

Fig1: Types of Storage of Raw Water

• Natural storage: Natural storage refers to big rivers and lakes like Haines, Yukon.
• Man-made storage: In areas where there is no natural storage, man-made storages are built and they are as follows:
• Masonry dams
• Embankment dams

Three different types of masonry dams are:

• Arched dams
• Gravity dams
• Buttress dams

Also See: Natural Resources PPT

Groundwater:

Water which is below the earth’s crust and not more than 2500 feet below earth crust are called as groundwater. Water below the earth crust and above 2500 feet of earth crust is considered as fresh water. Few examples of groundwater are mentioned below:

• Springs which are not influenced local hydrological event and surface water

Groundwater Under Influence: If a spring or well is influenced by a local hydrological event or adjacent surface water and such supply of water is called as groundwater under the influence of surface water i.e. GUDISW.

Advantages of groundwater: Advantages of groundwater are mentioned below:

• Groundwater doesn’t get easily polluted like surface water.
• Quality of groundwater will be stable throughout the year.
• Sources of groundwater have a low content of bacteria in it.
• The United States and Alaska have many locations of groundwater.

Also See: General Topics

Disadvantages of Groundwater: Disadvantages of groundwater are mentioned below:

• If once, a source of groundwater gets polluted then it is very complex to recover it and there is no such easy or simple way to remove pollutants or get rid of pollutants.
• Groundwater has a high quantity of minerals when compared with surface water and along with a high quantity of minerals; it also has enhanced a level of hardness.
• It has a high operational cost because if we even need to remove groundwater then we need a pump for it.
• It is more susceptible to long-term contaminations.
• It increases treatment costs because it has a high level of iron and manganese.
• It may have hidden sources of pollutants.

Also See: Noise Pollution PPT and PDF

Hydrology of Groundwater: Groundwater is also a part of the hydrological cycle like surface water. We can find groundwater in saturated layers beneath the surface of the earth and these are called aquifers. Three distinct names are given to aquifers depending on their type. They are:

• Unconfined aquifers
• Confined aquifers

Content of the Water Resources PPT | Powerpoint Presentation | PDF

• —Introduction
• —Sources of Freshwater
• —Uses Of Water
• —Importance of Water Resources
• —Distribution of water on Earth
• —Technologies Used to Provide Fresh Water
• —How do people use Water Resources?
• —Conclusion
• —References

Here we are giving you Water Resources PPT and PDF. All you need to do is just click on the download link and get it.

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SOURCES OF WATER

Aug 04, 2014

270 likes | 551 Views

Water Resources situation in Pakistan by murtaza zulfiqar (17) . SOURCES OF WATER. There are two types of major resources of water in Pakistan, natural and artificial. Natural resources

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Water Resources situation in Pakistan by murtazazulfiqar (17)

SOURCES OF WATER There are two types of major resources of water in Pakistan, natural and artificial. Natural resources include rainfall, rivers, glaciers, ponds, lakes, streams, karez and wells etc. Artificial resources consist of the surface water from rainfall and rivers, which is in excess of the requirements for irrigation and other uses, is stored in dams and reservoirs. The water from these dams and reservoirs is not only used for irrigation and supplying water for daily consumption, but also used for hydroelectric power generation.

Rainfall There are two major sources of rainfall in Pakistan i.e. the Monsoons and the Western Disturbances. There is about 70 percent of the annual Monsoon rainfall from July to September. Pakistan has both arid and semi-arid zones. The entire Indus plain receives an average seasonal rainfall of 212mm and 53mm in the Kharif and Rabi seasons respectively. The rainfall varies as we move from the north and northeast to the south of the country. It is only the canal command areas in the NWFP and the northern-most canal commands of the Punjab Province that receive some appreciable amount of rainfall during the summer as wall as in the winter season.

Glaciers • There are more glaciers in Pakistan than any other land except North and South Poles. The • glacier area of Pakistan is about 13,680 sq km and on the average is 3 percent of mountainous region • of upper Indus Basin and accounts for most of the river turnoff in summer. Pakistan has greatest mass • and collection of glassiers on the earth. In Karakoram Range, the total length of glaciers is 160 km. • About 37 percent of the Karakoram area is under its glacier, Himalayas has17 percent and European • Alps has 22 percent.

Rivers and Dams • Pakistan has been blessed with a number of rivers which are tributaries to the Indus. The five • main rivers which join Indus from eastern side are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej, beside three • minor rivers are the Haro, Soan and Siran. There are number of small rivers which join the River Indus • 4 • from the west side, in which biggest river is Kabul and others are Kunar, Punj, Kora. The Gomal • Kurram, Tai, Kohat Tank and several other small streams join the Indus River from the right side.

Storage Loss of Reservoirs • Source: MTDF 2005-10

SOURCES OF WATER • Indus Basin River The Indus river basin constitutes of the mountain basins Indus plain, Karachi plains and desert areas of Sindh. Its source of water is snowing, glacier melting and rainfalls.

Closed basin Kharan desert It consists of areas of mountain basins of Quetta. Its main sources of water are rainfall and nominal snow.

Makran coastal basin Makran coastal basin constitutes of streams of Malir, Hub, Porali, Hingol, and Kech. Its main source of water is rainfall.

Groundwater resources Estimated groundwater resources Source: National Water Policy, Vol. II, January 2002.

Water reservoirs Pakistan is having three basic reservoirs, namely mangla dam reservoir, Terbela dam reservoir and Chashma barrage reservoir. More small reservoirs like Warsak, Khanpur and Kinjhar lake Are also included as small storage.

Utilization Of Water • Irrigation Out of 240.22 maf, 172.21 maf water is utilized for irrigation purposes.

Drinking Most of the rural and urban water is supplied from ground water through tube wells and hand pumps. Net consumption is normally about 2% of the total water available.

Industry Water is also utilized in Industries basically for cooling purposes and also in manufacturing processes. This utility is less than 1%.

Shortage of water As we all know that now a days our country is facing severe shortage of water. There are two main reasons, one natural due to prolong drought---which is beyond the control of a man, and the other due to the gross negligence in the development and miss-management of water resources.

Impact on economy / society • Less water means less agricultural yields and to fulfill the food requirements of the nation, we will be dependent on other countries. • Due to less production of main crops, which are wheat, cotton, sugar cane and rice, the Industries related to them will suffer adversely

Less agricultural outputs will compel people to head towards urban areas for jobs, which will increase the unemployment further. • The distribution of water is controlled from the center by irsa (Indus river system authority) as per 1991 agreement between the provinces. Now the shortage of water will cause disputes between the provinces, which may cause harm to the national integrity.

Water Issue between Pakistan & India • Concern is growing in Pakistan that India is controlling the water flow of rivers that flow from India into Pakistan.

Pakistan has raised objections to Indian water projects, but a World Bank-appointed neutral expert rejected most of the Pakistani objections. • Pakistani commentators, think that India is controlling the river waters to strangulate Pakistani agriculture, which could affect Pakistani exports and increase its dependency on food imports.

Conclusion The problems faced by the water sector in the country are many, acute and serious. Therefore, building of more reservoirs and an effective management strategy are the needs of time. Also implementation of the recommendations will enable the country to meet the challenges, and achieve the objectives of integrated, efficient, environmentally and financially sustainable development and management of limited water resources. At the same time it will enable us to utilize every drop of our water for our bright future.

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Static Water Supply Sources. Sugar Land Fire Department Driver/Operator-Pumper Academy October 2000. Static Water Supply Sources. Common Terms. Drafting Lift Vacuum Atmospheric Pressure Theoretical Lift Maximum Lift Dependable Lift. Static Water.

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Water Supply Sources 2006

Facts about United Water Toms River. We’ll Visit You

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