freelance essay proofreader

21 Websites Offering Legit Freelance Proofreading Jobs

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Want to become a successful proofreader but struggling to find freelance proofreading jobs? 

Finding clients is one of the most stressful parts of being a freelancer, but it doesn’t have to be. There are lots of online proofreading jobs available; you just have to know where to look. 

I’ve compiled a list of proofreading websites that hire proofreaders and editors to work for them. They find the clients; all you have to worry about is doing the work! 

Of course, working for an agency has pros and cons. You don’t have to do as much marketing, but as a result, you may earn a little less once the company has taken its cut. 

Stick around for the FAQ section at the end of this post, where I share some information about starting your own business. 

Table of Contents

Websites That Provide Freelance Proofreading Jobs

1.  scribendi.

Scribendi  is a Canada-based company that hires editors and proofreaders to edit content for its ESL, academic, professional, and student clients. It has both in-house and freelance positions. 

Suitable for beginners?

No. Scribendi requires that you have at least three years of experience in editing, writing, document production, or language teaching.

Do you need a degree?

Yes, you need to have a university degree in a relevant field. 

Special requirements:

You need to have native level English ability. However, the website states that the company hires proofreaders and editors outside the US and Canada. 

Your computer must have Microsoft Word 2010 or higher. 

2.  Proofed Inc.

Proofed offers proofreading, editing, and formatting services to businesses, students, and academics, and promises to return documents within 24 hours. 

Yes. If you don’t have experience yet, you can take its Knowadays Becoming a Proofreader and Becoming an Editor Courses (formerly Proofreading Academy) first. If you graduate with a score of 80% or higher from both courses, you are guaranteed the chance to work with Proofed.

Sign up for a free trial of the Knowadays Becoming a Proofreader course here!

I wrote a review of the Knowdays (formerly Proofreading Academy) Becoming a Proofreader course here.

Yes. Proofed is looking for meticulous, passionate proofreaders with a PhD, master’s, or undergraduate degree from a top university. However, if you complete its course, it will waive this requirement. 

You must upload a copy of your résumé and cover letter to apply for a role with Proofed. 

3.  ProofreadNOW

ProofreadNOW’s proofreaders and editors have been proofreading business documents since 1999. Its clients include law firms, marketing agencies, universities, healthcare providers, and more. 

ProofreadNOW is not hiring at present, but you can  sign up for its email list to be notified  when it is hiring. 

No. ProofreadNOW requires that you have five years of experience as a proofreader. 

The website doesn’t specify.  

You must pass a series of tedious and difficult tests before being hired.  

4.  Polished Paper

Polished Paper is a proofreading and editing service for students, businesses, and ESL writers. 

Register here to be considered for a position with Polished Paper. 

Possibly. The website doesn’t specify how many years of experience you need. 

You must pass a 35-question editor test before being hired. 

5.  Reedsy

Reedsy connects authors with proofreaders, editors, designers, and marketers who can help them bring their book to life and publish it. 

With Reedsy, you can set your own rates, and it charges a 10% commission. To apply, you must  sign up for a free Reedsy profile , and once you are accepted, you will be added to the marketplace. 

From what I’ve heard it can be quite difficult to get into Reedsy. I believe you need to have some experience already, but the website doesn’t specify. 

The website doesn’t specify. I think experience is more important to them.  

Not aware of any. 

6.  Domainite

Domainite  offers a range of services like marketing, website design, and direct mailing to its business customers. 

Possibly. The website doesn’t specify how much experience you need to have.

You must complete an  editing sample  before being hired. You must also confirm that you are familiar with using track changes in Microsoft Word. 

7.  Gramlee

Gramlee offers copyediting, grammar check, and proofreading services for students and academics.

You need to  fill out Gramlee’s employment form  to be considered for a proofreading or editing position.  

Possibly. The website doesn’t specify how many years of experience the company requires, but the form does ask how much experience you have.

The website doesn’t specify, but the form does ask if you have a degree.   

8.  Wordvice

Wordvice has been editing academic material and admissions essays for ESL clients since 2013. It has service agreements with many universities, academic societies, medical centers, research institutions, and laboratories.

Apply here to become a freelance editor with Wordvice. 

No. You need to have two years’ professional editing experience. It prefers that you have an educational background or have experience in medicine, engineering, or other biomedical and natural science domain.

Yes. You need to have completed or be enrolled in a graduate degree program.  

You must have native fluency in English. You must also have experience with various formatting styles such as APA, AMA, MLA, and Chicago.

9.  CACTUS

CACTUS  specializes in editing scientific and medical documents for academics. It is known for being a good place to work, consistently ranking among the top 20 on the global list of the Top 100 Companies for Telecommute Jobs (Forbes.com) since 2016.

The website states that “prior editing experience would be great.”

Yes. You need to have a PhD/master’s/bachelor’s degree or expertise in one or more specialized subject areas in physical sciences, engineering, materials sciences, healthcare, life sciences, medicine, and surgery. 

In addition to freelance positions where you can work from anywhere in the world, CACTUS also offers some full-time remote positions for people based in India. You may be asked to take an editing test to secure one of these positions. 

10.  Sibia Proofreading

Sibia Proofreading  was founded by Dona, a Harvard graduate. It offers proofreading and editing services for academics including journal articles, dissertations, theses, essays, etc.

The website doesn’t state how many years of experience you need to have; however, it does mention that its editors have experience editing PhDs. 

Yes. Sibia Proofreading carefully selects talented and experienced editing professionals who have graduated from top-tier universities such as Harvard University.

You need to be a native English speaker. 

11.  ProofreadingServices.com

ProofreadingServices.com  has helped thousands of academics, jobseekers, businesspeople, and authors refine their writing. It has part-time and full-time remote positions available.

It offers competitive pay ranging from US$19 to US$46 per hour depending on turnaround time, with the highest pay for the most urgent deadlines.

The website doesn’t specify. 

You need to complete an online application that includes multiple choice questions and a three to four-sentence writing sample.  

12.  ProofreadingPal

ProofreadingPal  uses a two-proofreader model whereby all documents must be proofed by two proofreaders to ensure it provides the highest-quality proofreading service. 

No. You need to have a minimum of five years of professional proofreading and editing experience or be working toward a degree.

Yes. If you do not already have a degree, you need to be currently employed by or enrolled as a graduate or postgraduate student in an accredited United States college or university and have a minimum GPA of 3.5.

You must have experience with several popular writing styles, such as APA, MLA, CMS, AP, and CSE.

13.  Edit24-7

Edit 24-7  specializes in proofreading and light editing for academics, businesses, and writers.

According to the website, Edit 24-7 has an extensive application process. To apply for a position, you need to send a writing sample and either your resume or a description of your relevant experience to [email protected].

14.  EditFast

The   EditFast  platform allows eligible editors and proofreaders to set up a web page where potential clients can reach out to them. Clients can choose which editor they want to work with or have EditFast choose someone.  

EditFast gets 40% of the final project price. 

The website states a requirement for past editing/proofreading experience, but it doesn’t say how many years.  

You need to have a degree from a recognized university. 

You must keep all communications with clients on the EditFast platform. 

15.  Edit911

Edit911  provides book, dissertation, article, and document editing by editors with PhDs.

The website doesn’t specify how many years of experience you need to have, but it does mention that you should have verifiable experience, so I don’t think it is suitable for beginners.  

Yes. You need to have a PhD in English or another writing-intensive discipline. You must also be a published scholar, with demonstrable talent and skills as a writer.

You need to send your résumé and a sample of your writing to Edit911 to be considered for a position.

16.  First Editing

First Editing provides fiction, nonfiction, and academic editing services. 

The website lists  First Editing’s requirements  here.   

It would be advantageous. First Editing is looking for people with a doctorate degree with experience in technical editing, theses, dissertations, research, article submissions, etc.

It also mentions master’s, bachelor’s, specific editing courses, proofreading certification, publishing seminars, etc.

You must be available to work at least 25 hours per week. Living in an international location may be advantageous, especially one that serves a time zone outside of the continental North American market, especially those editors located in the UK, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Alaska, or Hawaii.

17.  Cambridge Proofreading LLC

Cambridge Proofreading  was founded in Cambridge, England, and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It matches the clients’ documents with editors who have subject-matter expertise. 

The average pay is US$20 to US$25 per hour, paid twice monthly.

The website states that the company’s preferred candidate will have experience in academic editing or publishing, or as university faculty.

Yes. Cambridge Proofreading boasts that all its editors hold a minimum of a bachelor’s degree, with the majority having master’s or doctoral degrees. 

Expertise in STEM, business, economics, education, and computer science would be advantageous. 

18.  WordsRU

WordsRU   was established in Australia in 2002. It provides a specialist proofreading and editing service to businesses, academics, and writers.

No. You must have at least two years of professional experience as an editor, copyeditor, or proofreader.

Yes. You must hold a master’s degree, PhD, or equivalent professional experience in any academic discipline.

WordsRU is currently in need of qualified editors who are available to work on weekends.

19.  Scribbr

With an office in the Netherlands and a team of over 500 freelancers worldwide,  Scribbr  helps over one million students per month to improve their writing. As a Scribbr proofreader and editor, you would be editing papers, detecting plagiarism, and generating citations. It offers services in ten languages!

On average, Scribbr’s editors edit 1,700 words per hour and earn from €20 to €25 per hour.

No. You must have experience editing academic texts. 

Yes. You must hold at least a bachelor’s degree. 

You must be a native English speaker and be available to work for at least ten hours per week. 

To  become a Scribbr editor , you must pass a rigorous application process including a language quiz and two to five simulation orders. 

20.  Stickler

Stickler  specializes in helping academics get published in a top-tier journal, complete their PhDs, or obtain funding by providing world-class proofreading and copyediting services. 

No. You must have significant experience editing academic texts. 

You must be able to turn work of 14,000 words or less around in two to four working days (more time will be allocated for longer jobs). You must also be familiar with Harvard and APA referencing styles (as a minimum).

21.  Editana

Editana  recruits editors and proofreaders from the world’s top universities to edit academic and nonacademic texts. 

No. You must have relevant proofreading experience to apply.  

The website doesn’t specify, but it does say that they actively recruit from universities, so it’s likely you’ll need to be working toward a degree.  

You will need to fill out an application form, provide a cover letter and résumé, and take an editorial test to be considered for a position. You must also be a native-English speaker. 

FAQs about Freelance Proofreading Jobs

Whew, that was a lot of information to get at one time! You probably have a lot of questions now like

• How do I become a freelance proofreader without a degree or experience?
• Can I start my own business instead of working for proofreading and editing companies?
• How much can I earn per hour as a proofreader?

Keep reading for the answers to those questions. 

How do I become a freelance proofreader without a degree?

You probably noticed that many of the proofreading jobs above require their editors and proofreaders have a degree or even a master’s or PhD! So it is even possible to become a proofreader without a degree?

Yes, you don’t need to have a degree to start your own proofreading business. You can market your business to get your own clients without relying on proofreading companies. 

When you work with proofreading agencies, they keep a percentage of the profits—sometimes even as much as 50%! Getting your own clients means that you get to keep all the money for the project (minus transaction fees). 

Start Your Own Proofreading Business

The first step to starting your own proofreading business is making sure that you have the appropriate skills and resources. 

One course that I have personally taken and can recommend is Proofread Anywhere’s  General Proofreading: Theory and Practice course . It includes lots of worksheets and essays so you can practice your proofreading skills as well as an entire module dedicated to teaching you how to market your business to get clients.

***Proofread Anywhere is 60% off until September 2 with the code LABORDAY60!***

Sign up for a  free Intro to Proofreading workshop  to learn how you can become a proofreader. 

Once you have the appropriate training, you need to gather your resources including a laptop/desktop computer, editing software, and  proofreading books and style guides . 

For more details on starting a proofreading business from home, check out my post about  how to become a proofreader without any experience . 

Can you make money proofreading?

One of the most common questions I get asked about working as a proofreader online is “Can you make money proofreading?” The answer is YES! You won’t become a millionaire by proofreading, but you can make a decent living. 

According to ZipRecruiter, a freelance proofreader in the United States can earn an  average of $51,391 per year  or $22/hour (as at August 11, 2020).

Caitlin Pyle of Proofread Anywhere  earned $43,000 a year as a part-time proofreader!

How much should I charge for proofreading per hour?

How much you can charge for proofreading depends on many factors. If you work for a proofreading agency, it will decide how much you will be paid. However, if you start your own proofreading business, you can set your own rates.

Proofreaders can charge per word, per page, per hour, or per project. It depends on the type of document you’re working on. 

Some editorial associations publish median rates that they have compiled by surveying their members. According to the  Editorial Freelancers Association  (EFA), proofreaders can charge between $0.02 and $0.03 per word or between $40 and $50 per hour for proofreading nonfiction (as of January 2024). 

The  Chartered Institute of Editors and Proofreaders  (CIEP) suggests a minimum hourly rate for proofreading of £29.85, and a minimum hourly rate of £34.70 for copyediting (as of March 2024).  

I cover how much proofreaders make in more detail in this post.

Final Thoughts about Online Proofreading Jobs

I hope this post gave you lots of ideas on how to find freelance proofreading jobs online. 

Don’t forget to check out this  free proofreading class  to find out how to become a proofreader with no experience!

Not sold on proofreading? There are tons of other options out there!  Check out this list of 33 home-based business ideas!

Looking for new clients? Meet them on Reedsy

Create a free account to receive requests from authors.

Last updated on Oct 18, 2021

Remote Proofreading Jobs and 26 Places to Find Them

About the author.

Reedsy's editorial team is a diverse group of industry experts devoted to helping authors write and publish beautiful books.

About Linnea Gradin

The editor-in-chief of the Reedsy Freelancer blog, Linnea is a writer and marketer with a degree from the University of Cambridge. Her focus is to provide aspiring editors and book designers with the resources to further their careers.

With working from home becoming more common than ever before, remote proofreading jobs are gaining a lot of traction. Amongst the online jobs you can do, checking grammatical and spelling mistakes sounds like one of the easiest ones to pick up. But what exactly  does this kind of work entail, how much would it earn, and most importantly, how do you search for legitimate as well as rewarding proofreader jobs? These are all valid questions, the answers to which you can find right here.

What is proofreading?

To proofread is to go over a document’s final draft with a fine-tooth comb, searching for grammatical, spelling, punctuation, and formatting errors. Unlike the job of a copy editor, you don't have to concern yourself with language style or voice. It may seem simple, but it requires a thorough understanding of not just the English language but also the appropriate manuscript formatting styles.

Web content, academic papers, and many other types of writing — To proofread and correct each of these kinds of content requires a thorough understanding of its preferred language and formats.

Because of their project-by-project nature, it is common for the gigs you get in this sector to be online, freelance proofreading jobs.

Becoming a proofreader and securing remote jobs

Luckily, you don’t have to go through intensive training or education to become a proofreader. Preferably, you'd have a bachelor's degree in English, Journalism, or a field relevant to the kind of content your hope of proofread. (To proofread for a medical company, you'd need background in medicine, for example.) Other than that, a certificate of completion for a proofreading course can make your profile much more appealing to potential clients. To get started on the right foot, consider:

🎓 Taking a training course via societies such as the Editorial Freelancers Association ( the EFA );

📝 Brushing up on style guides (APA, Chicago, and AP Styles);

💻 Creating a profile and following relevant groups/hashtags (this may include creating your own website, a LinkedIn, or a professional Twitter account);

✅ Being flexible about the kind of job you take on (work from different industries with projects involving copy editing tasks such as checking for word choice and spelling ).

You can get more tips in our comprehensive guide on how to become a proofreader. If you’re all clear about the set up, let’s discover all the places that you can find remote jobs for proofreaders.

26 places to find remote proofreading jobs

Below are all the sites that offer legitimate freelance proofreading jobs. We’ve divided the list into two parts: one for those with experience and qualifications, and one for those without.

If you’re going into proofreading with certificates, graduate qualifications, or expert experience, here are the sites that you should check out. 

1. ProofreadingPal

Specializing in academic proofreading,  ProofreadingPal  prides itself on having a highly experienced staff. Because its scholarly projects, the editing skills required by this site are very advanced and specific. To secure a remote proofreading job on this site, you need to be a postgraduate student with a minimum GPA of 3.5 or have a graduate degree along with minimum five years of experience.

If you have a PhD in a writing-intensive discipline,  Edit911  is a good candidate for some remote work. Its proofreading services also tend toward high-level academic editing, so experience is crucial. And as it caters to a worldwide audience, having a strong grasp of a few manuscript styles will be plus.

WordsRU  is great for those who work from home, because it welcomes job applicants from all over the world, as long as they have at least a Master’s degree or higher. It offers a wider range of services for customers, including fiction manuscripts and web content, so its proofreaders receive a variety of projects.

4. American Journal Experts

Similar to WordsRU,  AJE  offers online proofreading jobs for those who have been or are currently enrolled in higher education at universities approved by  the Carnegie Classification . And as the name suggests, this online proofreading opportunity is more suitable for those based in America.

You may or may not have a PhD or a Master’s degree, but if you do have a strong track record in book editing and proofreading, Reedsy is the place to be. Our marketplace connects thousands of indie authors with publishing experts (like you!) who are looking to get hired and help them produce high quality titles. On average, our professionals set a proofreading rate of around $600-$750 per manuscript, though each project varies. (Note that you can set your fees per hour, per word, or per project.)

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6. Polished Paper

Focusing on business and academic editing,  Polished Paper 's proofreader jobs are also suitable for experienced professionals. Instead of proving their qualifications, applicants are asked to complete a 35-question test to demonstrate their editing skills before getting accepted.

7. Managed Editing

Having worked mainly with non-profit organizations and prestigious institutes,  Managed Editing  chooses its freelance proofreaders carefully. A successful applicant will have at least five years of experience and a Bachelor’s degree, although most of its editors and proofreaders have higher qualifications.

8. Wordvice

Apply to  Wordvice  for a more international experience: the company offers editing and proofreading services on essays and business documents for second-language English users. You must have a minimum of two years of experience and a graduate degree to join this team of freelancers. (And needless to say, the remote jobs they have are available to proofreaders across the world!)

9. Start your own freelance business

This basically means creating your own website (don't forget to have a contact section with your email address in it!) along with a LinkedIn, Twitter, or Facebook account to spread the word about it. As you are your own boss, you can work from home, a coffee shop, or wherever else you want! Use your credentials and professional connections to attract customers. Combine that with impeccable proofreading services and you’ll grow your freelance business  in no time.

If you’re just starting out or don’t have higher education qualifications — don’t worry, there are plenty of beginner-friendly sites where you can find proofreading gigs and begin amassing professional experience. 

10. Scribendi

If you do have some experience in content production, i.e. you’ve been a copywriter or have edited your university newspaper, you can apply to  Scribendi . Its online proofreading jobs are focused on academic writing from high school to university level, so having a Bachelor’s degree is a must.

11. Scribbr

Scribbr ’s services are tailored to a younger academic audience, and while it doesn’t ask for specific qualifications, applicants do go through a thorough vetting process. To become a remote proofreader at Scribbr, you have to pass a language test and complete several assignments for evaluation (for which you will receive feedback). If you’ve taken an editing course, you should be able to do well.

12. Proofreading Services

Every remote proofreading job available here focuses on academic and business writing. Prospective proofreaders can join the staff part-time or full-time by getting at least 95% on  the site’s 20-minute test , which mainly focuses on grammar and spelling.

As an education-oriented publication,  CACTUS Communications  is constantly on the lookout for academic editors who can help it produce clear, engaging content. It does require at least a Bachelor’s degree in a relevant discipline, but you don’t need any prior work experience in editing and proofreading to find exciting opportunities.

14. Writer’s Relief

A resourceful website for authors,  Writer’s Relief also provides book editing and publishing services which you as a remote proofreader can get involved in. Since they have copy editors going over the clarity and cohesion of the writing beforehand, you’ll just have to focus on catching the little mistakes that slipped through.

Prompt  provides coaching services for college applicants, helping them with personal statements and essays. You will need to have been a university student yourself, and as the coach you’re expected to give more feedback than just online proofreading. It’s a good opportunity if you want to start with academic editing.

16. OneSpace Freelancers

OneSpace is a site made for new freelancers. There aren’t as many job postings on this site as on other proofreading services, but you do get support and feedback from their staff. They provide advice on how you can work better as a freelancer and build your business. So while you would't necessarily find remote work on this space, it's a good way to learn the craft of maintaining your freelance proofreading business in the long run.

17. Gramlee

From their tagline ("You write, we edti edit.") and service email address, you can already get a sense of how laid-back the staff at  Gramlee  would be. They welcome proofreaders with no qualifications, as long as they work hard to learn and fulfill the team’s guarantee of 24-hour turnover.

Upwork  is one of the biggest marketplaces for freelancers, and the remote jobs for editors and proofreaders you can find on here are often for technical and copy writing. Projects are usually on the smaller side, which means there isn’t always demand for highly experienced workers. Still, it's a good place to get started on your online proofreading career.

19. Flexjobs

Short for  flexible jobs ,  this job board  only posts work that you can do from home, so you don’t have to narrow the search yourself. There are plenty of proofreading jobs across many industries and countries for you to choose from, some of which are even full-time collaborations.

Indeed ’s interface is probably a familiar sight if you’ve looked for work before — it’s a platform that has everything from full-time positions to freelance gigs in all kinds of industries. Though it might take some digging, there are good remote jobs proofreaders can discover.

21. MediaBistro

MediaBistro  is a job board made specific for media-related jobs. You can filter your search to show only remote entry-level editing jobs to see if there’s anything available. Signing up also gets you a job alert round-up when new relevant jobs are posted.

22. Get Editing Jobs

Here’s another  editing-focused job posting site . You can search for remote proofreading jobs and it will automatically show you recent postings that fit the bill. You’ll then have to apply to the jobs on your own.

23. Domainite

Domainite  provides digital marketing services, from web designing to content writing and editing to its clients. You can easily sign up by filling in its form and sending in a writing sample. The scope of the work might go a little beyond the proofreading job, though you will acquire more skills that way!

Are you interested in marketing books? Visit our post on where to find book marketing jobs here . 

24. Freelancer

This site  allows you to bid on a proofreading opportunity you can do remotely, and try to win the client over. There are a lot of projects available, so if you lose out on a bid for one, you can always find another!

❗ Note: Some of the rates you see here are much lower than the average as freelancers try to undercut to appeal to clients. Keep that in mind in formulating your own quotes and offers .

25. Lionbridge

Lionbridge  is an international platform that offers marketing and business content creation services for firms across the globe. Specifically, its freelancers “test out” firms’ content — giving them feedback, not just on a linguistic point of view but also user experience and SEO. It's a bit of technical proofreading, if you’re interested.

Though it does not provide the highest paying remote proofreading jobs,  Fiverr is still a good opportunity for new freelancers to start their careers. It’s relatively easy to sign up to and create a profile that will attract customers, most of whom will be searching for competent beginners rather than experienced experts.

Hopefully this list will help you find your next remote job and kickstart your career, whether you’re a full-timer looking for side jobs or an aspiring freelancer. Remember to do your research and know what your proofreading service is worth to avoid being undercharged. With that, and a wish of good luck, we’ll send you into the world of freelance proofreading!

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Become a freelance editor with PaperTrue

Become a freelance English editor and proofreader with PaperTrue, and hone your editing and proofreading skills with a team of expert reviewers.

Join our editing army!

Are you looking for freelance editing jobs?

Do you love books?

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Do you hate to see grammar errors in anything you read?

Get paid to proofread and copyedit a variety of academic and non-academic documents including theses, dissertations, books, business documents, and CVs.

What you will do

As a freelance editor at PaperTrue, you will

Work on a diverse range of documents including essays, dissertations, résumés, brochures, website content, newsletters, novels, screenplays, short stories, poetry, and more for a global clientele.

Improve the clarity, flow, consistency, and sentence structure of the writing without changing the writer's intended meaning.

Ensure the documents are free of all English language errors, including flaws in grammar, syntax, word choice, punctuation, spelling, and so on.

Format academic documents and references in APA, MLA, Chicago, and many more styles.

Give writers critical feedback and suggestions on the documents' content and organization.

Work with some great contemporary authors—fiction and nonfiction—from across the globe and help budding authors realize their writing dream.

Gain knowledge about incredibly diverse fields and build on your English language expertise.

What we are looking for

To work on our editing team, you will need

• Excellent linguistic skills, with in-depth knowledge of English grammar and an eye for detail
• Strong communication skills and a keen sensitivity to the writer's intended message
• Good research skills, with a high level of curiosity and general awareness
• Strong time management skills and an ability to juggle demanding tasks on tight deadlines
• Preferably, a B.A., M.A., or M.Phil. degree in English or a closely related field

Earn based on your performance!

Advanced level, inr 125 per 250 words, (sgd 2.15 per 250 words), intermediate level, inr 90 per 250 words, (sgd 1.55 per 250 words), beginner level, inr 70 per 250 words, (sgd 1.21 per 250 words).

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Proofreading Jobs: 38 Best Online Options from Home

By Hannah Yang

Proofreading is a necessary step for all written content, including blog posts, journalism articles, fiction, and more.

Becoming a proofreader is a great option if you’re looking for a flexible income stream. You can work from home, set your own schedule, and take on jobs based on your availability.

So, how do you find freelance proofreading jobs?

This article will explain the skills you need to become a proofreader, and show you where to find the best online proofreading jobs.

How to Become an Online Proofreader

Skills needed for proofreading jobs, best proofreading tool, 38 online proofreading jobs, conclusion: let pwa help you become the best online proofreader.

To start your freelance proofreading career, you need to proactively connect with clients and search for new projects.

There are dozens of websites and platforms you can use to start your job search, many of which post online proofreading jobs every day.

Some platforms let you post a profile without going through an application process; others ask for a resume and an application form.

The most competitive websites might ask you to pass a language editing assignment, or complete a proofreading sample, before they allow you to register.

If you have an area of expertise, you might be able to specialize in freelance proofreading jobs within that niche. For example, if you used to work in biology, you can proofread academic biology articles for a higher fee than the average proofreader.

A few high-paying websites and companies require proofreaders to have a degree in a writing-related field. For most freelance proofreading jobs, however, you can use your experience to prove that you are skilled, without the need for formal training.

If you’re worried about your lack of credentials, you can start with an online proofreading course to learn the basics and strengthen your resume.

As a new proofreader, you can expect to make around $10–$20 an hour. As you gain more experience, you can add jobs to your resume, build your proofreading and editing credibility, and increase your salary to match. The average freelance proofreader earns over $50,000 a year.

To succeed as a freelance proofreader, you need five skills: attention to detail, excellent grammatical knowledge, understanding of editorial styles, time management, and proficiency with online tools.

Skill #1: Attention to Detail

To be a successful freelance proofreader, you need a great eye for detail.

Proofreaders are the last line of defense—they examine the manuscript after the writer, developmental editor, copy editor, and the rest of the team have completed their tasks. Their job is to spot the spelling errors, grammatical mistakes, and other issues that everyone else missed.

Proofreaders need to ensure that all headings are consistent, there are no double spaces, and all page numbers are formatted in the same way.

You will need to pay strong attention to detail to make sure nothing slips by you.

Skill #2: Excellent Knowledge of English Grammar

When should you use a hyphen , and when should you use an em dash ?

What’s a dangling modifier , and how do you correct it?

Does the period at the end of a parenthetical remark go before or after the closing parenthesis ?

If you don’t know the answers to these questions, you might need to brush up on your grammar before looking at job listings. All freelance proofreading jobs require excellent knowledge of English grammar.

Skill #3: Understanding of Editorial Styles

Style and grammar are different. Before applying for proofreading jobs, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the Chicago Manual of Style and the AP Stylebook . These are the two most common editorial styles.

You don’t need to memorize these manuals, because you can always reference them as you work—you just need to know how and where to find the answers to your style-related questions.

Different clients prefer different styles, depending on the audiences they’re writing for. Each client will have their own guidelines, and ask that you proofread based on that editorial style, so it can help to familiarize yourself with more than one manual.

Skill #4: Time Management

Most freelance proofreading jobs have tight deadlines.

Companies usually set their publishing schedules well in advance. This means that if you don’t finish your freelance proofreading job in time, you might slow down the publication pipeline and damage your reputation with the client.

Time management is important for all freelance work, because you need to set your own schedule. If you take on too many projects at a time, you will not be able to complete them. You have to understand your own capacity, and take on jobs to match.

Skill #5: Proficiency with Online Tools

Most freelance proofreading jobs will require you to use specific software and editing tools.

At the very least, you will need to know how to use editing softwares, such as Microsoft Word and Google Docs . You might also need proficiency in document-sharing softwares, such as DropBox.

For your own records, it can help to be proficient using spreadsheets, such as Microsoft Excel. Spreadsheets are the easiest way to keep track of your projects and income in a consistent and organized way.

The exact IT skills you’ll need will vary depending on the client or project. Don’t worry if you haven’t used all of these tools before—you can often pick them up as you go.

Even proofreaders can miss mistakes, especially when working with long manuscripts. The best way to succeed as a proofreader is to utilize the most effective tools you can.

You can use a grammar checker like ProWritingAid to help you excel at your freelance proofreading jobs. ProWritingAid’s Consistency Report will highlight capitalization inconsistencies, differently formatted ellipses, and more.

Sign up for a free ProWritingAid account.

Using ProWritingAid’s reports will help you improve your attention to detail, grammar skills, and editorial styles. You’ll be able to deliver clean, error-free writing to your clients every time.

There are dozens of platforms that can connect you to online proofreading jobs.

Some sites post a variety of different clients’ online proofreading jobs, and let you pick which ones interest you. Other sites require you to join their team, and then send pre-chosen work your way. You can decide which style you prefer.

If you’re a beginner, you should start with the least selective platforms and work your way up to more advanced jobs.

So where do you find your first legitimate, remote, high-paying freelance proofreading jobs?

Here’s a list of our 38 favorite options.

Upwork lets you create a personal profile and advertise yourself. You can use terms such as “freelance proofreader,” “online proofreading jobs,” and “remote proofreader” to tell clients what kinds of jobs you’re looking for.

One great perk of using Upwork is that you can see the profiles of other proofreaders. This means that you can compare your rates to them and ensure you’re charging a competitive fee.

2. Freelancer

Freelancer is a platform where you can bid on freelance proofreading jobs. Clients post their projects and describe what type of writer or editor they’re looking for.

You will need a premium account to continue bidding after you reach a certain number of projects, but to start with you can try it out for free. It is a great way to start your job search and land your first online proofreading job.

3. Hubstaff Talent

Hubstaff is a zero-fee platform for freelancers that allows you to bid on projects. The perk of using Hubstaff over Freelancer is that bidding is always free.

4. FlexJobs

FlexJobs is a site that manually vets freelance writing and editing jobs, so you know you’re always looking at legitimate, high-quality opportunities.

There is a small annual membership fee which will give you access to a trove of remote positions. You can search for the keywords “online proofreading jobs” or “online proofreader” to find high-quality, suitable, remote positions.

5. LinkedIn

LinkedIn is a great place to search for jobs in any industry.

Many clients will start looking for freelance proofreading services on LinkedIn. You want your profile to show up when they search for proofreaders.

Create a clean, professional profile with a headshot and a summary of the types of jobs you’re looking for. Use the keywords “proofreader,” “editor,” and “freelancer.”

There are also plenty of proofreading job ads on LinkedIn, so you can search them instead of waiting for clients to come to you.

Social media can be a great way to connect with other people in your field and find new opportunities.

Twitter has a thriving community of writers and editors who often post about jobs. Try searching for the hashtags #proofread, #proofreader, or #proofreading to meet other proofreaders. Proofreaders can help each other succeed by pooling their knowledge about where to find relevant, well-paying jobs.

7. Wordvice

Wordvice offers online proofreading and editing services. They have clients worldwide, some of whom speak English as a second language and are looking for native English-speaking proofreaders. Wordvice also has many clients at prestigious universities, such as Stanford and Columbia.

To join Wordvice, you need to go through a detailed application process. You’ll need to send them an application form, your resume, an editing sample, and you normally need a graduate degree to be accepted. If you meet their qualifications, however, Wordvice can be a treasure trove of online proofreading jobs.

8. CACTUS Communications

CACTUS Communications hires both freelance and full-time proofreaders. They specialize in proofreading for specific industries, such as medicine, biology, and chemistry. If you have a degree in a scientific field, you might excel in this company.

9. ProofreadingServices.com

Proofreading Services hires both full-time and part-time proofreaders. Their salary is competitive, ranging from $19 to $46 per hour, and you can work flexible hours from home. You can also connect and collaborate with other proofreaders, which is a great perk.

You don’t need a degree or a lot of experience to get started with this site–all you need is to take a 20-minute preliminary test. This site is another great way to start your job search.

10. SearchTempest

SearchTempest is a search engine that helps you find paid freelance jobs on Craigslist, eBay, Amazon, and Oodle.

You need to vet some of these jobs yourself, because anyone can post a listing, but you can find some great proofreading and editing opportunities if you have the time to sift through the list.

11. Polished Paper

At Polished Paper, you can find plenty of remote proofreading and editing jobs. The site tends to hire more experienced proofreaders, which means they pay more than sites that hire beginners.

To apply, you need to upload your resume and take a 35-question test, which you can use outside resources, such as formatting guides and stylebooks, to complete. If you succeed at these initial steps, they’ll ask you to complete an interview before you can start taking on proofreading jobs.

12. Guru.com

Guru.com is a tried-and-true platform that has been around for a long time. This platform will connect you to clients offering all kinds of jobs, from translating to proofreading and more.

Fill out your profile and start searching for proofreading gigs.

13. Gramlee

Gramlee offers editing services for all writers and they’re often looking to hire new proofreaders.

They charge a starting rate of 3 cents a word for a maximum of 3,000 words, so you’ll be making up to $90 per order. Once you become a senior editor, you can access even better-paid orders.

The application process is simple, you only need to submit a form. Once accepted, you’ll have access to a variety of different remote work projects.

Reedsy connects freelance editors and proofreaders with authors and writers. Clients will send you requests, and you can suggest a fee for their proofreading and editing projects.

Reedsy also has a great matching algorithm, so they’ll be able to pair you up with clients who fit your skills and expertise.

15. Scribbr

The application process for Scribbr is more involved than most of the sites on our list, however, you’ll get legitimate, high-paying jobs in exchange.

To apply, you need to take a language quiz, fill out a motivation statement about why you want to proofread with their team, and complete an editing assessment.

Once you’ve been accepted, you need to go through a short training program called Scribbr Academy where you edit several simulation orders. After completing the academy training, you’ll be ready to edit professionally as part of Scribbr’s team.

Scribbr Academy can also help you improve your own proofreading skills, which will be beneficial if you continue your job search with other sites and platforms.

16. Proofreading Pal

Proofreading Pal has a variety of projects, from academic papers to fiction manuscripts. The average pay for an editor at Proofreading Pal ranges from $500 to $3,000 per month.

To apply, you need a Bachelor’s degree and at least five years of experience. You can also work as a college or graduate student if you have a 3.5 GPA or higher, which is a great way to earn a high proofreading salary if you’re still in school.

17. EditFast

EditFast, which connects editors to various clients, is a quick and efficient way to find new projects.

However, it’s important to note that EditFast retains the rights to 40% of the total project price, and that you can’t communicate with clients outside of the EditFast system.

It’s a good site for building experience as a beginner proofreader, but over time, you may want to migrate to a site that takes a smaller cut.

18. Scribe Media

Scribe Media offers a wide variety of book editing services and you can join as a full-time editor or a freelance editor.

They don’t always have openings available, so you can set up email alerts to be notified when they have open positions.

19. Wordfirm Inc.

Wordfirm Inc. hires skilled editors to work as independent contractors. You need to be a highly skilled professional to be chosen, so this isn’t an option for beginners. On their website, they say that editors should have a college degree and at least five years of editing experience.

You have to fill out a lengthy application, which if you pass, will give you access to a wealth of high-paying proofreading jobs.

20. Click Worker

Click Worker is a site that lets writers and publishers outsource small tasks, such as editing, translation, and proofreading. Clients can create completed projects by hiring different people to do each of these micro-tasks.

Different projects offer a different fee per word depending on the level of experience you have.

You have to take a short proofreading test before you can start applying for available jobs.

21. Lionbridge

Lionbridge offers various types of remote jobs. Like Click Worker, Lionbridge outsources different jobs within each client’s project to freelance contractors.

The application process is fairly straightforward; you need to sign up and take a short skills test before you start taking on proofreading jobs.

22. ProBlogger

ProBlogger Jobs is a job board that specifically caters to bloggers. If you’re interested in proofreading for blog posts, this site can be a great way to find freelance work.

23. Get Editing Jobs

If you google “Get Editing Jobs,” you’ll find an online job board with listings for projects that require editors, proofreaders, and more.

You can check this job board regularly for new listings.

24. Sibia Proofreading

Sibia is a site that offers proofreading and editing services for fiction manuscripts, job applications, business memos, doctoral dissertations, and more.

If you’re a native English speaker and a college graduate, you can apply to join Sibia’s team. This will give you access to a wide variety of projects based on your personal preferences and experience.

25. American Journal Experts

American Journal Experts is a site that specializes in remote academic proofreading.

The application is straightforward, so it’s a great place to look for jobs as a beginner.

26. Quality Proofreading UK

Quality Proofreading UK provides professional proofreading services in the fields of business and academia.

They’re always looking to hire freelance proofreaders and editors who have science or business backgrounds. If you have experience in these fields, joining their team can be a great way to land consistent freelance work.

27. Kirkus Media

Kirkus Media helps authors get their books edited and reviewed. You can sign up to be a book reviewer , an editor, or a proofreader. All of these online jobs are fully remote and let you work flexible hours.

28. SmartBrief

SmartBrief specializes in business news and industry information, so if you have a background in a specific industry, this site might be a great way to use that knowledge and experience.

At $15 an hour, their proofreading jobs pay slightly less than most other sites on this list.

29. MediaBistro

MediaBistro compiles various media-related jobs, such as marketing, sales, writing, editing, and more. The site takes some knowledge to navigate, since there are many different job postings, but once you’ve figured it out, it’s a very effective option.

You can start by searching for proofreading jobs to see what they have available. You can also set up notification alerts, so you’ll see new relevant opportunities as soon as they appear.

30. Writer’s Job Shop

Writer’s Job Shop is an online resource for freelance editors, copy editors, and proofreaders. They offer a steady stream of editing and writing jobs.

31. Contenta

Contenta is a job board that tracks companies that hire writers. Almost always, companies that need writers also need proofreaders, so you can reach out to the companies that post ads on Contenta and ask if they need a proofreader.

32. Writer’s Relief

Writer’s Relief is a service that proofreads submissions for creative writers to increase their chances of getting published.

They’re often looking for new proofreaders to join their team, but they’re extremely selective. They accept only a small fraction of their proofreading applicants, however, it’s always worth applying because your skills may match their requirements.

33. Scribendi

Scribendi is a platform specifically designed for proofreaders. All jobs are remote, flexible, and high paying.

To apply, you need to be a native English speaker and a college graduate. They also ask that you be able to proofread at a speed of 1,000 to 1,500 words an hour.

34. WritingJobz

WritingJobz specializes in proofreading for academic papers, online blogs, news sources, and books. You can earn up to $11 a page for proofreading.

35. Managed Editing

Managed Editing requires all proofreaders to have a degree and a few years of experience.

To apply, you’ll need to fill out a form describing the topics you’ve had experience in and they might follow up asking for samples of your proofreading work.

36. Edit911

Edit911 requires more in-depth qualifications than most of the other opportunities on our list. In order to apply, you need a Ph.D. in English or another writing-intensive discipline. You also need to be a master copy editor or book editor.

If you have these qualifications, it’s worth applying to Edit911. As part of this company, you’ll stand out from the crowd.

37. OneSpace Freelancers

OneSpace Freelancers is a job marketplace that posts all kinds of freelance jobs, including proofreading projects.

You can submit an application form and ask them to notify you if they get new proofreading postings. Alternatively, you can check the site periodically to look for jobs on your own.

38. Start Your Own Proofreading Business

Once you’ve gained some proofreading experience, it can be a great idea to start an independent proofreading business. You can create a website detailing the services you offer and the rates you charge. That way, clients can come to you directly, so you don’t have to pay fees to external websites and platforms.

If you’ve stayed in touch with your previous clients, you can let them know that you’re starting your own company and ask if they have any new proofreading needs.

You should consider the business start-up costs, since you may want to pay for a website design, advertisements, and other initial needs. In the long run, however, the extra money you make will cover these costs.

Now you have all the tips and tricks you need to start working as a proofreader.

With the help of ProWritingAid, you can start your proofreading job search! ProWritingAid can help speed up your proofreading process by picking up errors all in one go.

Do you think proofreading might be a good option for you? Let us know in the comments.

Take your writing to the next level:

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Whether you are writing a novel, essay, article, or email, good writing is an essential part of communicating your ideas., this guide contains the 20 most important writing tips and techniques from a wide range of professional writers..

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Check every email, essay, or story for grammar mistakes. Fix them before you press send.

Hannah Yang

Hannah Yang is a speculative fiction writer who writes about all things strange and surreal. Her work has appeared in Analog Science Fiction, Apex Magazine, The Dark, and elsewhere, and two of her stories have been finalists for the Locus Award. Her favorite hobbies include watercolor painting, playing guitar, and rock climbing. You can follow her work on hannahyang.com, or subscribe to her newsletter for publication updates.

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How & Where To Find The Best Proofreading Jobs In 2024

Learn about work-from-home freelance proofreading jobs, qualifications you need to stand out, and where you can start applying for a gig.

Brett Helling

Brett Helling is the founder and owner of Gigworker.com. Having worked in the gig economy for nearly a decade, he has mastered freelance, remote, and app-based work. You can learn more about his journey in his book, "Gigworker: Independent Work and the State of the Gig Economy", now available on Amazon.

Key Takeaways

• Remote proofreading jobs offer flexibility and the ability to work from anywhere.
• Essential skills include attention to detail, excellent grammar, and knowledge of style guides.
• Proofreading jobs can be found on freelance websites, proofreading companies, and job boards.
• The average annual salary for proofreaders ranges from $45,000 to $65,000.

Working from anywhere in the world, including the comfort of your own home, is all the rage these days.

Why make the drive to an office when you can sit in your pajamas on the couch typing away and collecting a paycheck?

Better yet, you could leave the United States and travel around the world while checking emails from beaches, mountain tops, and poolside resorts.

What’s not to love about that?

One way to make it in the world of remote work is to utilize your superb spelling and editing skills.

If you have a keen eye for spelling and grammar, and enjoy helping writers improve their content, you may want to utilize your expertise in a remote proofreading job .

But the problem many people face is finding a job that allows them to work from wherever they please.

You may have all the proofreading skills in the world, but if you’re not able to land a remote job, you’re still sitting at square one.

Today we’re going to talk about work-from-home freelance proofreading jobs, the qualifications you need to stand out from the competition, and where you can start applying for your next proofreading gig.

What Is Proofreading?

Proofreading is the last step in the editing process before any piece of writing is published.

A proofreader’s responsibility is to ensure there aren’t any grammatical errors, misspellings, typos, or other styling issues.

Proofreaders are the last line of defense before copy is shown to the rest of the world.

By giving writing a once-over before publishing it, proofreaders ensure the final copy is polished and free of any mistakes.

You may not realize just how often you encounter writing that required an editor like you.

From articles you read on blogs like this one to copy you see on websites, social media posts, and digital newsletters, the digital world is powered by writing that has frequently been checked by a professional proofreader. It doesn’t stop there though.

More traditional writing — like books, advertisements, essays, academic papers, user manuals, and more — also requires the services of a proofreader.

If you haven’t noticed already, the opportunities are almost endless when it comes to different types of proofreading jobs.

But you may be thinking, “I love writing, but am I qualified to be a proofreader?”

There’s a wide range of opportunities out there, some for the most experienced proofreaders and some for those who are beginning their journey in this new line of work.

Is Experience Required to Become a Proofreader?

Like with any job in life, the more years experience you have, the better luck you’ll have landing a higher paying job.

However, this shouldn’t intimidate you.

You can still apply for an online proofreading job.

There are plenty of advanced and entry-level opportunities out there for experts and newbies alike.

The most basic requirements for a great proofreader is to be a native English speaker, have an eye for detail, and be extremely thorough.

On top of that, you’ll need to have excellent vocabulary and good grammar.

While catching spelling errors is part of a proofreading job, it’s much more than that.

Being an expert in writing style guides, like AP Style  and Chicago Manual of Style , can help you land jobs.

Another helpful skill that will increase your chances of landing high-paying gigs is specializing in a certain writing area.

A proofreader can specialize in academic essays, technical writing, court transcripts, fiction novels, and more.

If you’re more specialized, it shows those customers that you’re an expert in their field.

Some job opportunities may also require additional years of experience and a bachelor's degree in journalism or English.

In some cases, you’ll even be required to have a graduate degree.

The more advanced skills you can bring to the table, including previous proofreading experience or editing experience, the better chance you’ll have of landing a proofreading gig from home.

Benefits of Proofreading From Home

Proofreading jobs have low barriers of entry, allow employees to work remotely, and have flexible work hours.

You likely already own or have access to everything you’ll need to get started.

Forget about a phone line, printer, or expensive software.

A laptop and reliable internet connection are pretty much all you’ll need to get going.

Since most home proofreader jobs are driven by deadlines rather than specific work hours, you’ll be able to work whenever you want, as long as you hit your deadlines.

In some cases, you’ll have a quick turnaround time, but for many jobs, you’ll be able to work when it’s most convenient for you.

How Much Do Proofreading Jobs Pay?

The majority of proofreading jobs are freelance positions, many of which are project based.

So you can apply to as many gigs as you want to make money and bring in a higher annual income.

Glassdoor reports that proofreaders make just over $45,000 per year.

This can be much more if you take a higher paying job or put in more hours.

On the higher end of the scale, Glassdoor reports proofreaders making nearly $65,000 per year.

Since your income is largely dependent on which jobs you take, let’s get into some of the job opportunities that are out there for proofreaders.

Proofreading Job Opportunities

There are a few different ways you can go about starting your proofreading career.

ou could use a freelance website to find work on a project-to-project basis.

You could also align yourself with a company who funnels you work as an independent contractor.

Lastly, you could land a job directly with a company as their in-house proofreader.

To start, let’s take a look at some freelance websites you can use to find work on your own.

Freelance Websites

Freelance websites are an excellent way to get your feet wet in this line of work.

Freelance sites allow you to search for available jobs, set your own pay rates, and showcase your portfolio for potential clients.

If you’re new to proofreading, they also enable you to bid low for jobs so you can get some experience under your belt.

Then once you have a few gigs out of the way, you can increase your rates and start bidding on those higher paying jobs.

There are plenty of sites out there that give freelance proofreaders access to jobs, but these are some of the more popular and reliable options we’ve come across:

If finding your own work on a regular basis isn’t your cup of tea, you can align yourself with a proofreading company that funnels work your way instead.

Proofreading Companies

In many ways, working for a proofreading company or editing service is much easier and less stressful.

If you’re able to get one of these positions, then you don’t need to always worry about finding the next gig.

The company will take care of that for you.

Working as an independent contractor for a proofreading company allows for a steady stream of work and, for some, more peace of mind.

There are so many companies out there that will offer you roles like this, but here are a few excellent ones.

Note that these companies may not always have available positions, so you may have to keep your eye on their job postings:

• ProofreadingServices.com

If these proofreading companies aren’t hiring, take a look at some job boards you can search to find a proofreader job.

General Job Boards

We’ve all scoured online job boards at some point in our lives, but what you may not have realized in your search is that these are also a great place to find remote work, including work-from-home proofreading positions.

When searching through these job boards, you can leverage additional search terms that will help you find jobs you’re looking for.

For example, if you want to secure a proofreading position, you should also search for similar job titles like freelance editor, copywriter, copy editor, and academic editor.

In addition to these search terms, you should include terms like telecommute, remote, and home office to ensure that you can work from anywhere.

For instance, a search term like “home office copy editing” might yield results you won’t find otherwise.

These are some of the most popular job boards you can use to find remote proofreading jobs:

• WeWorkRemotely

Finding Your First Gig

A freelance proofreading position is an excellent first step into the world of work-at-home jobs.

Whether you’re looking for part-time work or a full-time opportunity, there are plenty of options out there for you to get started.

We recommend searching through some of the opportunities we provided to get a feel for what might work best for you.

If proofreading isn’t your thing and you consider yourself more of a freelancing writer, then you can also look into freelance writing jobs and other side hustles to get you started.

We hope you’re able to find your first gig as soon as possible!

Include a personal profile or introduction statement at the top of your resume

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Add an infographic element that displays your best traits and accomplishments

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Use headings and subheadings throughout your resume to highlight key sections and make the information easier to read

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Utilize space by using bullet points to outline skills and job qualifications

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Incorporate visuals and images such as graphs and charts

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• Writing Tips

How to Find a Proofreader

4-minute read

• 9th October 2023

You’ve finally finished writing and editing your masterpiece – maybe it’s a dissertation, short story, or book of poetry – and now it’s time to find an expert proofreader to check your grammar and polish your writing before publication.

But where do you find one? In this post, we’ll tell you where to find skilled, reliable proofreaders who will help you take your writing to the next level. Keep reading to get started!

Use a Proofreading Service

Using a proofreading service is an efficient, reliable method of finding a proofreader. When you use a proofreading service, there’s no need for you to directly communicate with the proofreader editing your work. All you have to do is choose your format, upload your writing to the service’s platform, and wait for it to be returned to you fully proofread .

Some services even allow you to select a rush return, meaning you receive your proofread piece within a shorter-than-average timeframe.

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Voronezh Oblast

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• Type: State with 2,330,000 residents
• Description: federal subject of Russia
• Neighbors: Belgorod Oblast , Kursk Oblast , Lipetsk Oblast , Luhansk Oblast , Rostov Oblast , Samara Oblast , Saratov Oblast , Tambov Oblast and Volgograd Oblast
• Categories: oblast of Russia and locality
• Location: Chernozemye , Russia , Eastern Europe , Europe
• View on Open­Street­Map

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Foundation and name

17th to 19th centuries, 20th century, 21st century, administrative and municipal status, city divisions, demographics, construction, clusters of voronezh, urban layout, transportation, education and culture, notable people, sister cities, further reading and cultural references, external links.

The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don ) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42   km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan . [14] [15] [16] [17]

For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg . This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronizh in Ukraine [18] ). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. [19] [20] However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.

The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi , Varna , Verona , Brno , etc. [21]

A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn ) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh ). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus. [17] [22]

In it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol. As well as the name of Voroneț Monastery known for its blue shade.

Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven ( ворон ) and hedgehog ( еж ) into Воронеж . According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.

In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde ), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor   I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars . The city was named after the river. [2]

In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu 's map of 1645. [23] Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line , Goto Predestinatsia . The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh , was later proclaimed the town's patron saint.

Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate , which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate .

In the 19th century, Voronezh was a center of the Central Black Earth Region . Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet , and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871.

World War II

During World War II , Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad , and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha ) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October   22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November   7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution . Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev , and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front . By July   6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July   24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue .

Until January   25, 1943, parts of the Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn , the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive , and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January   25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat . During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed.

By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School , a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war. [24]

In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86 , was built there.

In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", [25] and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing". [26] [27]

From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development. [28]

On December   17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people. [29]

Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region . As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's The Nutcracker . In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination. [30] [31]

In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion , forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself. [32] [33] [34]

Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast . [1] Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . [1] As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. [7]

The city is divided into six administrative districts :

• Zheleznodorozhny (183,17   km²)
• Tsentralny (63,96   km²)
• Kominternovsky (47,41   km²)
• Leninsky (18,53   km²)
• Sovetsky (156,6   km²)
• Levoberezhny (123,89   km²)

At the time of the official 2021 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (960,357) was: [35]

The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering , metalworking , the electronics industry and the food industry .

In the city are such companies as:

• Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (where, amongst other types, the Tupolev Tu-144 was built)

• Voronezhselmash (agricultural engineering)
• Sozvezdie [36] (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone Altai
• Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner Abbott Laboratories ),
• Voronezh Mechanical Plant [37] (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)
• Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH [38] (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)
• VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering [39] (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)
• KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:. [40]
• Pirelli Voronezh. [41]

On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.

In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered. [42]

In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies. [43]

Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement ( ostrog ). [44] In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. [45] The posad population received the territory between the ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower. [46]

Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. [47]

The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport , which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport , a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO ( Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo , Voronezh aircraft production association) where the Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers . [ citation needed ]

Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. [50] Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways . Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city.

There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow , Belgorod , Lipetsk , Volgograd , Rostov-on-Don , and Astrakhan .

The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include:

• Voronezh State University
• Voronezh State Technical University
• Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction
• Voronezh State Pedagogical University
• Voronezh State Agricultural University
• Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
• Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
• Voronezh State Academy of Arts
• Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
• Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training
• Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry
• Voronezh Institute of High Technologies
• Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)
• Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Voronezh branch)
• Russian State University of Justice [51]
• Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)
• International Institute of Computer Technologies
• Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law

and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city.

• Voronezh Chamber Theatre [52]
• Koltsov Academic Drama Theater [53]
• Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre [54]
• Shut Puppet Theater [55]

Platonov International Arts Festival [56]

Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh. [ citation needed ] There is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street. [57] [58]

In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was glorified as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church .

In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it.

There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh:

• Levoberezhnoye Cemetery
• Lesnoye Cemetery
• Jewish Cemetery
• Nikolskoye Cemetery
• Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery
• Budyonnovskoe Cemetery
• Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery
• Podgorenskоye Cemetery
• Kominternovskoe Cemetery

Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public.

Source: [59]

• Voronezh radar

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• 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Law #87-OZ
• ↑ Воронеж может оказаться намного старше (in Russian). Вести. August 19, 2010. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014 . Retrieved March 28, 2012 .
• ↑ "История" . Voronezh-city.ru . Archived from the original on August 1, 2011 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "База данных показателей муниципальных образований" . Gks.ru . Archived from the original on October 6, 2014 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved January 23, 2019 .
• 1 2 3 Law #66-OZ
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .
• ↑ "Каталог компаний, справочник компаний России: Желтые страницы России - Евро Адрес" . E-adres.ru . Archived from the original on August 30, 2009 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Телефонный код города Воронеж" . Kody.su . Archived from the original on November 22, 2015 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "День города Воронеж 2015" . Mir36.ru . Archived from the original on July 8, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ В. П. Загоровский. "Воронежская историческая энциклопедия". Воронеж, 1992. Стр. 53.
• ↑ А. З. Винников, А. Т. Синюк. "Дорогами тысячелетий: Археологи о древней истории Воронежского края". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 2003. Стр. 185–187, 236–242.
• ↑ Н. А. Тропин. "Южные территории Чернигово-Рязанского порубежья в XII–XV вв." Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора исторических наук. Москва, 2007.
• 1 2 П. А. Попов. "Воронеж: древнее слово и древние города, а также древние леса и древние реки России". Воронеж, 2016.
• ↑ Woroneż (Wronasz) is shown on the Woroneż river by Stefan Kuczyński (1936) in a historical map of 15th-century Chernigov, «Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie pod rządami Litwy» .
• ↑ В. П. Загоровский. "О древнем Воронеже и слове «Воронеж»". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 1977.
• ↑ Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 104.
• ↑ А. Лазарев. "Тайна имени Воронежъ" ( The Mystery of the Name of Voronezh ). Воронеж, 2009.
• ↑ П. А. Попов. "Комплексный подход в топонимических исследованиях в связи с историей русского градостроительства (на примере Центрального Черноземья)". Девятые всероссийские краеведческие чтения (Москва – Воронеж, 15–19 мая 2015 г.). Москва; Воронеж, 2016. Стр. 423–434.
• ↑ Russiæ, vulgo Moscovia, pars australis in Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et Ioanne Blaeu , 1645.
• ↑ Alex Levin, Under The Yellow & Red Stars Archived August 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine ( Azrieli Foundation , 2009), pp. 45ff., "The Suvorov Military School".
• ↑ Dahlberg, John-Thor (October 11, 1989). "Voronzeh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story" . Associated Press .
• ↑ "UFO lands in Russia? Writer now waffles" . United Press International . October 10, 1989.
• ↑ Fein, Esther B.; Times, Special To The New York (October 11, 1989). "U.F.O. Landing Is Fact, Not Fantasy, the Russians Insist" . The New York Times . p.   6. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017 . Retrieved February 20, 2017 .
• ↑ Интерактивная карта подготовки к 425-летию основания Воронежа (рус.). Сайт администрации города Воронеж (31.08.11). Проверено 24 января 2011
• ↑ "В Воронеже родился миллионный житель" . РБК . Archived from the original on March 5, 2013 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ ПОДЪЯБЛОНСКАЯ, Татьяна (October 5, 2020). "Дворец, лабиринт и сани: главную площадь Воронежа в Новый год украсят в стиле "Снежной королевы" " . vrn.kp.ru . Archived from the original on December 30, 2020 . Retrieved December 16, 2020 .
• ↑ "Воронежцам показали, как оформят к Новому году площадь Ленина — В Воронеже — Культура ВРН" . culturavrn.ru . Archived from the original on February 14, 2022 . Retrieved December 16, 2020 .
• ↑ Ives, Mike (June 24, 2023). "What's happening in Russia? Here's what we know" . The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Archived from the original on June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Russia accuses Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin of urging "armed rebellion": Live updates" . CNN . June 24, 2023. Archived from the original on June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Breaking: Wagners took city of Voronezh, convoy of tanks on highway to Moscow" . Ukraine Today . June 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 24, 2023 .
• ↑ "Национальный состав населения" . Rosstat . Retrieved August 6, 2023 .
• ↑ "Главная страница - АО "Концерн «Созвездие" " . Vsm-sorter.com . Archived from the original on July 22, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Voronezh Mechanical Plant" . Vmzvrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 11, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "MMHC RUDGORMASH Mining Machinery Holding Company" . Mmhc-rudgormash.com . Archived from the original on August 1, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "НИИПМ→О компании→Институт сегодня" . Vniipm.ru . Archived from the original on August 9, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ " "Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики" - Главная" . Kbkha.ru . Archived from the original on July 8, 2014 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Pirelli, Russian Technologies joint venture launches technologically advanced second production line at Voronezh" . Pirelli.com . Archived from the original on July 11, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Официальный портал органов власти" . Govvrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 2, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Главная - ЦКР" . Cluster36.ru . Archived from the original on July 12, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Хронология Воронежа, год 1615" (in Russian) . Retrieved October 25, 2023 .
• ↑ "ПОВСЕДНЕВНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ ВОРОНЕЖА В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XVII ВЕКА" (in Russian). May 16, 2016 . Retrieved October 22, 2023 .
• ↑ Urban planning of the Moscow state in the 16th - 17th centuries. pp.82-85
• ↑ "Voronezh, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)" . Weatherbase . Archived from the original on February 14, 2022 . Retrieved November 13, 2018 .
• ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from the original on December 22, 2015 . Retrieved November 8, 2021 .
• ↑ "Voronez (Voronezh) Climate Normals 1961–1990" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Archived from the original on October 29, 2021 . Retrieved October 29, 2021 .
• ↑ "Жд вокзал Воронеж | Оригинал жд билета | Жд билеты | Международный аэропорт "Стригино" г. Нижний Новгород, РЖД билет, купить ж д билет, рейсы самолетов в нижний новгород, телефоны справочного бюро аэропорта стригино, заказ ж/д билетов, стоимость жд билетов, билеты на поезд, бронирование, авиарейсы - Аэропорт Нижний Новгород - Нижегородский аэропорт - сайт аэропорта нижний новгород стригино - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АЭРОПОРТ НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД" . Nnov-airport.ru . Archived from the original on June 30, 2017 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "О филиале" . Cb.rgup.ru . Archived from the original on July 2, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский камерный театр" . Chambervrn.ru . Archived from the original on August 21, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский Академический Театр драмы им. А. Кольцова" . Voronezhdrama.ru . Archived from the original on July 10, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Воронежский государственный театр оперы и балета – официальный сайт" . Theatre-vrn.ru . Archived from the original on July 24, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ ".:. Òåàòð Êóêîë - "ØÓÒ" .:" . Puppet-shut.ru . Archived from the original on July 10, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "Фестиваль" . Platonovfest.com . Archived from the original on July 3, 2015 . Retrieved July 22, 2015 .
• ↑ "В Воронеже открыли одну из крупнейших синагог России" . Rg.ru . October 20, 2014. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016 . Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
• ↑ "The Jewish Community of Voronezh" . evrei-vrn.ru . Archived from the original on August 19, 2016 . Retrieved August 6, 2016 .
• ↑ Рациональная маршрутная сеть. "Воронеж: официальный сайт администрации городского округа" . Voronezh-city.ru. Archived from the original on November 2, 2022 . Retrieved March 12, 2013 .
• ↑ "Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios" . Larazon.es. Archived from the original on December 21, 2009 . Retrieved September 16, 2011 .
• Воронежская областная Дума.   Закон   №87-ОЗ   от   27 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Воронежской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №41-ОЗ от   13 апреля 2015 г.   «О внесении изменений в Закон Воронежской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Воронежской области и порядке его изменения"». Вступил в силу   по истечении 10   дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Молодой коммунар", №123, 3 ноября 2006 г. (Voronezh Oblast Duma.   Law   # 87-OZ   of   October   27, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Voronezh Oblast and on the Procedures of Changing It , as amended by the Law   # 41-OZ of   April   13, 2015 On Amending the Law of Voronezh Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Voronezh Oblast and on the Procedures of Changing It" . Effective as of   after 10   days from the day of the official publication.).
• Воронежская областная Дума.   Закон   №66-ОЗ   от   31 октября 2005 г. «О наделении муниципального образования город Воронеж статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу   по истечении 10   дней со дня официального опубликования (18 ноября 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Коммуна", №171, 8 ноября 2005 г. (Voronezh Oblast Duma.   Law   # 66-OZ   of   October   31, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Voronezh . Effective as of   the day which is 10   days after the official publication date (November   18, 2005).).
• Charlotte Hobson's book, Black Earth City , is an account of life in Voronezh at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union based on her experiences after spending a year in Voronezh as a foreign student in 1991–1992.
• Nadezhda Mandelstam 's Hope Against Hope , the first volume of her memoirs concerning her husband, the poet Osip Mandelstam , provides many details about life in Voronezh in the 1930s under Stalinist rule.
• Alan Sillitoe , the English writer, published a collection of poems entitled Love in the Environs of Voronezh and Other Poems in 1968.
• In the song Red Army Blues by the Waterboys , on the album A Pagan Place , there is a line "Took the train to Voronezh, that was as far as it would go."
• Official website of Voronezh
• Official website of Voronezh (in Russian)
• Unofficial website of Voronezh (in Russian)
• Panoramic views of Voronezh

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