University of Newcastle

Writing strong paragraphs: Writing a logical paragraph

  • What's in this guide
  • Paragraph Structure
  • Types of paragraphs
  • Writing a logical paragraph
  • What are linking words?
  • Transitions and their uses
  • Additional resources

Writing logical paragraphs

Organising the sentences in your paragraph according to a logical order helps the reader to follow the development of your ideas

Some common kinds of logical order are:

  • Chronological order
  • Comparison/contrast
  • Logical division of ideas
  • Order of importance
  • Cause and effect

Each kind of order uses particular words and phrases (transition words) to show the relationships between ideas. For example in a paragraph using chronological order , you would use expressions of time : first, next, after that, finally, before the last war, after 2010, since then,

In a paragraph describing differences (contrast) , you would use expressions like these: the most significant difference, larger than, unlike, on the other hand, in contrast, differ from

In a paragraph showing similarities (comparison) , you would use expressions such as: similarity, similarly, as expensive as, just as, just like, compare with, in comparison

Logical division of ideas simply means that ideas are grouped together, and each group is discussed accordingly. They may be introduced in order of importance , or in some other order that makes sense to the reader. You would use transition words such as firstly, secondly, thirdly to introduce each group.

A cause and effect paragraph uses transition words that express reasons and results, such as: the first cause, the next reason, because of ... the first effect, as a result, therefore

Strong writers frequently combine the features of different types of paragraphs in order to successfully express their ideas and to suit the purpose of their writing. Using clear paragraph structure is essential, as it helps the reader to follow your meaning.

Adapted from: Oshima, A. & Hogue, A. (1999). Writing Academic English (3 rd ed.). NY:Pearson Education

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Logical Order: Guidelines & Correct Structure

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  • Icon Calendar 26 June 2024
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The primary purpose of writing is to communicate views and ideas. Basically, learners organize written pieces in a way that gives meaning. In this case, a functional organization of sentences in paragraphs helps readers to follow a clear development of thoughts. Besides, such a method allows authors to deliver written works that meet academic standards. Hence, a logical order is a coherent organization of ideas from general to specific, which enhances an overall quality of papers.

What Is a Logical Order and Its Purpose in Writing

According to its definition, a logical order in writing is a structured and coherent arrangement of ideas and thoughts in a way that enhances understanding and readability for a reader. This way of presenting ideas also ensures each point builds upon a previous one, creating a clear and persuasive argument. For example, the primary purpose of writing in a logical order is to facilitate effective communication by presenting different themes in a manner that makes sense and supports an overall argument or narrative (Minto, 2021). This method of organization not only aids in preventing confusion but also enhances an overall persuasiveness and impact of writing. Moreover, when writing in a logical order, authors can ensure their message is conveyed clearly, making it easier for target readers to understand the key points and follow a natural progression of ideas (Barroga & Matanguihan, 2021). Whether in essays, research papers, reports, or creative writing, logical order is fundamental in conveying information clearly and persuasively.

Logical order

Steps for Writing in Logical Order

  • Identify Your Main Idea: Determine a central argument or thesis of your writing.
  • Create an Outline: Draft an outline that organizes your main points in a logical sequence.
  • Start With an Engaging Introduction: Introduce your topic, provide background information, and present your thesis statement.
  • Organize Body Paragraphs: Begin each body paragraph with a specific topic sentence that states a single main theme.
  • Use Transitions Effectively: Use transitional words and phrases and link your points between paragraphs and sections.
  • Support Each Point With Evidence: Provide relevant evidence, examples, statistics, or quotes to back up each main aspect.
  • Analyze and Explain: Analyze and explain how the evidence supports your point, reinforcing a logical progression.
  • Address Counterarguments: Consider and logically refute potential counterarguments or alternative perspectives.
  • Conclude Effectively: Summarize your central points, restate a thesis sentence, and provide a final thought or call to action.
  • Review and Revise: Review your work to ensure logical flow and revise sections where needed for clarity and coherence.

Essay Organization Types

Organizing specific ideas.

A logical order requires learners to organize ideas from general to specific. For example, students make a general statement and then provide explanations (Firth et al., 2021). In this case, authors must ensure readers can understand described concepts. Besides, they must explain one theme exhaustively before moving to a next paragraph. In turn, authors must follow a natural sequence when writing. Finally, a proper flow of information relies on a useful classification of concepts. Therefore, successful learners organize their thoughts logically by making general claims followed by specific details. 

Thesis Statement for Presenting Information

Well-organized papers encourage learners to develop an effective thesis statement. For instance, exceptional essays rely on a unique central argument (Minto, 2021). In this case, students develop a general claim in their introduction. Besides, each body paragraph must support one main idea, covering a logical order. Thus, the need to organize thoughts logically encourages writers to develop strong thesis statements.  

Following a Logical Order

A correct logical order improves an overall quality of paragraphs in essays. For example, effective papers have paragraphs that deal with a single idea (Shapiro & Kissel, 2022). In this case, a first sentence in a section makes a general statement related to a central assertion. Then, other parts of a passage contain supporting examples and explanations. Besides, one should provide a transition to the different parts of an essay. Thus, following well-organized points in writing encourages students to shape a general quality of academic papers through effective subsections.

Enhancing Quality

A good logical order enables writers to enhance an entire quality of written papers by organizing concepts from known to new. For instance, capable learners communicate novel ideas and place them in a right context (Mensh & Kording, 2017). In this case, one should explain familiar concepts followed by unknown thoughts. In turn, a target audience can develop a better understanding of various concepts. Therefore, researchers can express new concepts to readers through logical organization.

Consistency

A logical order method helps learners to improve a particular tone of academic essays through consistency. For example, capable learners rely on a uniform writing style (Putra et al., 2023). In this case, authors must develop complete and clear sentences that enhance an overall meaning of a single paragraph. Besides, writers use similar grammatical structures throughout papers. Then, citing references determines an uniformity of one’s work. In turn, students should use the same style to acknowledge materials used to support arguments. Finally, this approach enhances an overall credibility of written pieces. As such, authors who utilize consistency improve written articles through uniformity of sentences and citations.

Common Mistakes

  • Lack of a Clear Thesis: Failing to present a clear main argument or point at the beginning can confuse readers about a primary purpose of your writing.
  • Weak Transitions: Poor or absent transitional phrases between paragraphs and sections can disrupt a natural flow and make your writing feel disorganized.
  • Irrelevant Information: Including details that do not support your main point can distract readers and weaken an overall argument.
  • Inconsistent Structure: Changing an organizational pattern mid-way, such as switching from chronological order to thematic order, can confuse readers.
  • Overloading Paragraphs: Packing too many themes into a single paragraph can overwhelm readers and disorganize a main point.
  • Repetition: Repeating same points without adding new insights can make your writing boring to read.
  • Ignoring Counterarguments: Failing to address and refute counterarguments can make your writing appear one-sided, biased, and less persuasive.
  • Weak Evidence: Using insufficient or weak evidence to support main points can undermine an argument’s credibility.
  • Poor Conclusion: A conclusion that merely repeats an introduction paragraph or fails to provide closure can leave readers unsatisfied.
  • Grammar and Syntax Errors: Grammatical mistakes and poor sentence structure can distract readers and obscure a logical flow of ideas.

In conclusion, successful learners unify written works to ensure they meet a right quality. Basically, a logical order technique refers to a defined organization of discussed points from general to specific. In this case, students develop a thesis statement, which is a comprehensive claim. Besides, authors must provide accurate details to support a central argument. In turn, this approach helps writers to organize concepts and ideas to achieve a unique flow. On the other hand, organizing papers logically enhances their overall quality.

Barroga, E., & Matanguihan, G. J. (2021). Creating logical flow when writing scientific articles. Journal of Korean Medical Science , 36 (40), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e275

Firth, K., Connell, L., & Freestone, P. (2021). Your PhD survival guide: Planning, writing and succeeding in your final year . Routledge.

Mensh, B., & Kording, K. (2017). Ten simple rules for structuring papers. PLOS Computational Biology , 13 (9), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005619

Minto, B. (2021). The pyramid principle: Logic in writing and thinking . Pearson Education Limited.

Putra, J. W., Teufel, S., & Tokunaga, T. (2023). Improving logical flow in English-as-a-foreign-language learner essays by reordering sentences. Artificial Intelligence , 320 , 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2023.103935

Shapiro, S., & Kissel, T. K. (2022). Classical first-order logic . Cambridge University Press.

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