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20 Careers In Geography: Exploring Exciting Pathways in Geographic Studies

• June 23, 2023 June 19, 2023
• 13 min read

Geography is a diverse field that encompasses the study of the Earth’s physical features, climate patterns, human populations, and their interactions with the environment. It offers a wide range of career opportunities for individuals interested in exploring and understanding our world. In this article, we will explore 20 careers in geography , highlighting the unique aspects of each profession and the skills required to excel in them.

Some of the best geography jobs include geographer, GIS analyst, environmental consultant, urban planner, and cartographer.

Table of Contents

List of 20 Careers In Geography

Are you ready to embark on a journey through the captivating world of geography? Brace yourself as we unveil a list of 20 extraordinary careers that will ignite your curiosity and fuel your passion for exploring our planet.

Join us as we unveil these 20 remarkable careers in geography, where every step unveils a world of wonder and a path to making a difference.

1. Geographer

Primary Duties: A geographer’s work revolves around studying the Earth and its land, features, and inhabitants. They use geographic information systems (GIS) to present their findings. By analyzing various geographical aspects, they can provide valuable information about the Earth’s physical and human elements. This geography based profession requires professionals to work with cartographic and statistical data.

Geographers have an essential role in planning, development, and understanding patterns in the environment and urban areas. They provide insights on a location-specific basis, which could be pivotal in making strategic decisions in both the private and public sectors. A career as a geographer often requires a geography degree or a related field of study.

2. Environmental Consultant

Primary Duties: Environmental consultants work on environmental issues including waste management, water pollution, environmental protection, and housing development. They advise on how these factors can affect a project or business. They might use tools like the ones geologists use to conduct assessments.

In this career, professionals use their geography knowledge to ensure compliance with environmental regulations, promote sustainable practices, and protect the environment. An environmental consultant might also perform environmental impact assessments, implement environmental management systems, and conduct biodiversity surveys .

3. Cartographer

Primary Duties: Cartographers specialize in creating maps to communicate spatial information effectively. They use geographical data and specific cartography tools to construct maps that reflect specific areas, demographics, or themes.

In addition to making traditional maps, cartographers today also work on digital maps, 3D maps, and other geospatial data presentations. They might work with urban planners, engineers, and other professionals who need specific geographical data. A degree in geography, GIS, or related field is typically required to enter this career.

4. Urban Planner

Primary Duties: Urban Planners work towards making communities functional, attractive, and sustainable. They consider various factors, such as population growth, infrastructure needs, and environmental impact, to propose development projects. Their work often intersects with geography and its uses since they need to understand how geographical features and elements affect urban life.

Urban Planners are critical in helping towns and cities accommodate increasing population and change. They also work to improve public transportation, green spaces, and overall community design. They work closely with public officials, developers, and the public to ensure that the community’s needs and wants are met.

5. Geomorphologist

Primary Duties: Geomorphologists study the Earth’s surface, primarily how natural forces such as wind, water, and ice shape and alter landscapes. They analyze phenomena such as mountains, rivers, volcanoes, and glaciers, and provide valuable insights about how topography affects climate .

Geomorphologists often work in the field, conducting site surveys, collecting samples, and using various tools and technologies to study landforms. Their work can help predict natural disasters, inform construction projects, and contribute to our understanding of climate change. A degree in geography, geology, or earth sciences is often necessary for this role.

6. Geospatial Analyst

Primary Duties: Geospatial Analysts work with geographic data, using GIS software to analyze, interpret, and present geographic information in a meaningful way. They often work with data relating to physical features, climate, population demographics, and more. This career often leverages the essential elements of geography .

In their job, Geospatial Analysts may help organizations make informed decisions related to logistics, development, strategic planning, and more. They need strong analytical skills and a deep understanding of geographic information systems. Relevant education in geography, GIS, or related fields is typically required.

7. Climatologist

Primary Duties: Climatologists study climate patterns over periods of time and analyze how these patterns impact the environment and human life. This entails understanding the various factors that influence climate change . They work in various settings, such as environmental agencies, weather stations, and research institutions.

Climatologists can offer expertise in matters related to long-term weather patterns, climate change, and their impact on the global and local environment. This understanding is critical in shaping policies and practices in agriculture, infrastructure development, and even energy production. A strong educational foundation in meteorology, geography, or environmental science is often required for this role.

8. GIS Specialist

Primary Duties: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Specialists create, maintain, and update geographic and spatial information using GIS software. Their work provides the data necessary for geospatial analysis, urban planning, disaster response, and many other applications. They are well-versed in the use of geographers’ tools .

A GIS Specialist’s work might involve everything from collecting geographic data, creating maps, conducting spatial analysis, to training others to use GIS technology. This job is integral to various industries, including urban planning, transportation, environmental science, and even marketing. A geography degree, particularly one that includes coursework in GIS, is a common path to this career.

9. Hydrologist

Primary Duties: Hydrologists study water and its distribution, circulation, and physical properties. They analyze how water influences the surrounding environment and how changes to the environment impact water resources. Understanding the relationship between water and its environment often involves studying geographical and topographical elements .

In their job, Hydrologists may predict future water levels and availability, monitor and manage water supplies, and conduct research on water quality. They often work for government agencies, consulting firms, and non-profit organizations. An education in hydrology, geography, or earth sciences is typically necessary for this career.

10. Remote Sensing Specialist

Primary Duties: Remote Sensing Specialists use technologies like satellite imaging to gather and analyze data about the Earth’s surface. Their role often complements other geographic professions, aiding in environmental assessment, cartography, and resource management. Understanding how topography affects soil formation is often critical in this role.

Remote Sensing Specialists work across a variety of sectors, including government agencies, environmental consulting firms, and academia. They may use their skills to map deforestation, monitor weather patterns, or plan urban growth. A degree in geography, environmental science, or a similar field is often necessary for this profession.

11. Geographical Information Systems Manager

Primary Duties: Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Managers supervise and coordinate GIS projects, manage GIS professionals , and oversee the use and maintenance of GIS databases. They ensure that the geospatial information meets the needs of users, clients, and stakeholders, and that data collection and interpretation procedures follow best practices.

In this role, GIS Managers may also provide technical support, develop strategic plans, and manage resources for their department. They work across various sectors, from government to environmental consulting to transport planning. A strong background in GIS, geography, or a related discipline, along with management experience, is required for this job.

12. Economic Geographer

Primary Duties: Economic Geographers examine regional and global economic patterns, focusing on how geographical factors impact economies. They might study how geography affects the economy or the role of geography in trade and commerce.

These professionals often work in academia, consulting firms, or government agencies, where they apply their knowledge to address economic issues, inform policy decisions, and assist in strategic planning. Economic Geographers need a solid background in both geography and economics to perform their duties.

13. Geographical Educator

Primary Duties: Geographical Educators, or Geography Teachers, are responsible for teaching students about the world around them. They impart knowledge about different regions, cultures, climate patterns, and how these aspects interconnect. Understanding the essential elements of geography is vital for their work.

In addition to traditional teaching roles, Geographical Educators may also develop curriculums, conduct research, or advise students. Their role is crucial in cultivating the next generation’s understanding of the world and its complex systems. To be a Geographical Educator, one typically needs a degree in education with a specialization in geography.

14. Geoscientist

Primary Duties: Geoscientists study the physical aspects of the Earth to understand its past, present, and future. They often investigate how geology compares to geography , exploring earth processes, studying geologic materials, and understanding how Earth’s history impacts life today.

Geoscientists work in various sectors, from oil and gas exploration to environmental consulting to government services. They often conduct fieldwork, collecting samples and performing tests, and their findings can guide construction, environmental protection, and resource management. A degree in geoscience, geology, or a similar field is required for this role.

15. GIS Developer

Primary Duties: GIS Developers design, develop, and implement software applications that allow users to effectively interpret and visualize geographic data. They use their knowledge of geography and computer programming to make GIS more accessible and user-friendly.

GIS Developers work in various industries, including government, engineering, transportation, and environmental science. They often work closely with other GIS professionals to develop custom solutions that meet specific data analysis needs. To become a GIS Developer, one usually needs a strong background in computer science and a thorough understanding of geographic information systems.

16. Cultural Geographer

Primary Duties: Cultural Geographers study the relationship between culture and geography, focusing on cultural phenomena and their geographical implications. They often explore how geography affects culture and vice versa.

Cultural Geographers work in various fields such as academia, urban planning, tourism, and cultural preservation. They may study cultural landscapes, societal norms, or migration patterns. This career requires a deep understanding of both cultural studies and geography.

17. Spatial Analyst

Primary Duties: Spatial Analysts use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to model, analyze, and predict spatial data and patterns. They translate complex geographic data into easy-to-understand visualizations and reports, aiding in decision-making processes across many sectors.

Their work is vital in various industries such as transportation, urban planning, emergency response, and environmental management. They may develop spatial models, design databases, or provide GIS training. A degree in geography, environmental science, or a related field is often necessary to be a Spatial Analyst.

18. Disaster Risk Management Specialist

Primary Duties: Disaster Risk Management Specialists use their understanding of geography to predict, mitigate, and manage the risks and effects of natural disasters. They work on the planning, development, and implementation of disaster risk reduction strategies.

These professionals work closely with governments, communities, and organizations to minimize loss from natural disasters. They also engage in post-disaster recovery efforts. Their work often entails an understanding of various geographical aspects, such as karst topography and its implications for disaster risk. Relevant education in geography, environmental science, or disaster management is usually required for this role.

19. Transport Planner

Primary Duties: Transport Planners develop transportation strategies to manage the impact of transport on the environment and the public. They use their understanding of geography to assess and address transportation needs, constraints, and impacts. Their work often involves studying how geography affects trade and transportation .

Transport Planners work in various sectors, including government agencies, consulting firms, and transportation companies. They may be involved in policy planning, traffic management, and infrastructure development. To be a Transport Planner, one typically needs a degree in geography, urban planning, or a related field.

20. Geography Teacher

Primary Duties: Geography Teachers educate students about physical and human geographical phenomena. They teach about diverse regions, their characteristics, and the ways geography affects civilizations . Geography Teachers employ various teaching strategies to make complex geographical concepts understandable.

Geography Teachers play a vital role in shaping students’ understanding of the world. They may work in middle schools, high schools, or universities, and their role can also include curriculum development, research, and student advising. A degree in education with a focus on geography is often necessary for this job.

Is a Geography Degree Worth It?

A geography degree can certainly be worth it, depending on an individual’s career goals and interests. The field of geography is broad and versatile, encompassing both physical science (like earth systems and climate) and social science (such as urban development and planning).

This multidisciplinary approach offers a comprehensive understanding of global issues, making geography graduates attractive to a wide range of employers. Careers in urban planning, environmental consultancy, transportation, and GIS are just a few examples of roles that geography graduates are well-suited for.

However, as with any degree, it’s essential to consider your personal interests and future career aspirations. A geography degree can provide foundational knowledge applicable to numerous fields, but further specialization might be required for some roles.

Therefore, it’s worth researching and understanding the potential career paths before embarking on a geography degree.

Whether you’re interested in the natural environment, human societies, or the intersection between the two, a career in geography offers diverse opportunities to explore and contribute to our understanding of the world.

These 20 careers in geography offer diverse opportunities for individuals passionate about exploring the world, understanding its complexities, and making a positive impact on society. Whether you have an interest in maps, the environment, urban planning, or data analysis, there is a rewarding career path waiting for you in the field of geography.

Conclusion:

Geography is a field that encompasses a wide range of careers, each with its own unique focus and set of skills. From cartographers and urban planners to climatologists and geospatial analysts, there are numerous opportunities to explore and contribute to our understanding of the world. By pursuing a career in geography, you can combine your passion for the Earth with meaningful work that helps shape a sustainable and informed future.

FAQs: 20 Careers In Geography

What educational background is required for a career in geography.

Most careers in geography require at least a bachelor’s degree in geography, environmental science, or a related field. Higher-level positions may require a master’s or doctoral degree.

Are there opportunities for fieldwork in geography careers?

Yes, many geography careers involve fieldwork. Professionals often collect data in the field, conduct surveys, and perform on-site observations.

Can geography careers contribute to addressing climate change?

Absolutely. Careers such as climatology, environmental consulting, and conservation science play vital roles in understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate change.

What skills are important for a successful career in geography?

Strong analytical skills, spatial reasoning, data interpretation, and proficiency in GIS and other mapping software are essential for success in geography careers.

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• Top Jobs for Geography Degree Majors

Not sure what to do with your geography degree? Here are some of the most popular careers for graduates in your field.

Last updated: April 3, 2019

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Best Careers for Geography Graduates

"What are you going to do with a bachelor's in geography?"

Most geography majors will hear this question at least once during their studies: from their parents, friends, colleagues—maybe even from themselves.

But although geography sometimes gets a bad rap for being a "useless" degree, in truth, the opposite is true. In this wide-ranging, interdisciplinary major, students develop essential transferrable skills in research, math, statistics, IT, and data analysis. They learn to work with databases, spreadsheets, computer cartography software, and GIS technologies. Students leave the program with extensive experience managing their own time, working with teams, thinking creatively, and solving problems—all of which set them up for success in a wide range of careers.

As with students in any field, what's next for a geography major depends on their personal interests, academic strengths, previous work experience, and professional goals. But equally important is the kind of geography they prefer. Students of physical geography tend to favor jobs in the natural sciences, exploring all aspects of the earth's physical properties and processes. Those in human geography, on the other hand, skew towards the social sciences. They often end up in jobs that focus on issues related to human cultures or communities.

Whatever their specialization, the future is bright for geography students—both within the field of geography and beyond.

This article will be covering the following careers:

Are these careers suited to you? Our comprehensive career test measures your personality traits and interests and matches you to over 800 careers.

1. Wildlife Enforcement Officer

Wildlife enforcement officers—or "conservation" officers—are professional protectors of wildlife and the environment. They patrol lakes, parks, and other natural areas to enforce environmental regulations, such as fishing or hunting laws. They also answer questions from visitors about wildlife, habitats, and ecosystems. Geography graduates who enjoyed the sustainability-related courses in their degree can truly shine in this meaningful career.

Wildlife Enforcement Officer

A wildlife enforcement officer protects and conserves wildlife and natural resources.

2. Transportation Planner

Transportation planners work with government agencies to design and organize transit routes that allow communities to thrive and grow. For example, they might develop a new series of bike paths or help introduce a more affordable bus system. Transportation planners also do a lot of public communication: sharing information about route changes, system overhauls, novel regulations, and more. Geography majors, with their diverse skills in research, analysis, writing, and planning, are ideal candidates for this challenging work.

Transportation Planner

A transportation planner specializes in developing and implementing transportation plans, policies, and projects for communities, cities, and regions.

3. Environmental Consultant

For students who focused on physical geography during their studies, a career in environmental consulting can be very rewarding. Environmental consultants work with commercial and government clients to ensure their projects meet sustainability standards. They assess the environmental risks of clients' plans and proposals, and offer advice for how to execute them in a less harmful way. A master's in environmental science is required, but for the right person, the payoff is worth the effort.

Environmental Consultant

An environmental consultant provides expertise and guidance on environmental issues to businesses, government agencies, and organizations.

4. Landscape Architect

A highly interdisciplinary career, landscape architecture combines aspects of both human and physical geography. Experts in this field design outdoor spaces such as gardens, college campuses, playgrounds, and public parks. They use their awareness of nature and culture to create environments that are both functional and attractive. Although a master's degree in landscape architecture is required to enter this career, a geography degree is a great foundation.

Landscape Architect

A landscape architect designs and plans outdoor spaces to achieve aesthetic, environmental, and functional goals.

5. Cartographer

Cartography, or mapmaking, can present bright opportunities for technically inclined geography graduates. In this detail-oriented career, they'll have the chance to work out in the field—collecting and verifying geographical information—as well as in an office. In addition to designing maps, they also analyze data such as precipitation patterns, population density, demographic characteristics, and more.

Cartographer

A cartographer specializes in the creation, design, and production of maps.

6. Tour Guide

Tour guides reveal aspects of the natural and cultural environment to their clients, drawing on elements of both physical and human geography to make their surroundings come to life. They work in a range of settings, leading tours of cities, forests, ancient ruins, museums, and more. Especially in the outdoor tour industry, knowledge of the land and its weather patterns is a major asset. Geography majors with a social, enthusiastic outlook can truly thrive in this career.

A tour guide provides assistance, information, and guidance to individuals or groups of tourists during their travels.

7. Urban Planner

Urban planners strive to create communities that are safe, functional, and enjoyable. These talented professionals draw from census data, economic and environmental studies, and market research to develop new land use plans and programs. They also help revitalize facilities that have become run-down or irrelevant, bringing new life to communities in need. Although this career requires additional education, an undergraduate degree in geography is an excellent foundation to build from.

Urban Planner

An urban planner works to create and implement plans for the development of cities, towns, and other urban areas.

8. Market Research Analyst

It may not be the most obvious next step, but a career in market research can be a perfect match for a human geography major. Geography students develop strong research and data analysis skills during their studies, as well as an awareness of how social groups function and grow. As market research analysts, they can draw on these qualities to help companies understand and reach their clients more effectively. By designing customer surveys, conducting market research, and analyzing economic data, they provide guidance on what products to sell and how best to promote them.

Market Research Analyst

A market research analyst specializes in studying market conditions to identify potential sales opportunities for a product or service.

9. Surveyor

Surveyors work with engineers, urban planners, mapmakers, and architects to help plan and build the groundwork and infrastructure for construction projects. They literally "survey" the land upon which developers plan to build, making precise measurements, updating boundary lines, and preparing sites for construction. In doing so, they help builders work more safely and sustainably, playing an essential role in the future of any city, township, or county.

A surveyor measures and maps the Earth's surface, providing essential data for various industries such as construction, real estate, and land development.

10. Geographer

Finally, many geography students go on to do exactly what they studied. As professional geographers, they can use their training to conduct research for governments, scientific organizations, colleges, universities, and other clients. Geographers study everything from natural phenomena, such as land features and weather patterns, to cultural structures, such as social inequalities and other demographic data. Many travel for their work, doing fieldwork in remote locations or foreign countries. Multi-faceted, mentally stimulating, and engaging, this is a true dream job for many geography students.

A geographer studies the Earth's physical and human characteristics and the relationships between them.

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https://icould.com/stories/careers-in-geography/

Careers in geography

Why choose geography? Find out where geography can take you, explore links between geography and jobs, and see real-life examples of geography careers with our quick guide.

What is geography?

Geography is all about places and people. Perhaps you’d like to better understand the world, landscapes and the environment? Or maybe you’re interested in climate change, migration, and how communities live and work together? Geography looks at all these issues. It connects science with social science subjects, such as economics, sociology, and politics. It’s a good general subject. And it leads to wide range of careers.

What skills will I learn if I study geography?

Studying geography can help you develop data, research, scientific, and map skills.

Geography often involves practical work so there are usually opportunities for fieldwork and travel.

Learning about geography can also boost your soft skills, including communication, team work and time management.

Why choose geography for your GCSE options?

Geography is good choice for your GCSE subjects if you want to:

• keep your future subject choices open
• study a general subject
• find out about other subjects – such as sociology or geology – which you may not have had the chance to study yet
• better understand the world today

Geography is part of the English Baccalaureate (EBacc), a set of core subjects which can help you choose your GCSE options (and which are also used as a measure for schools).

See Choosing your GCSE options for more details.

Geography at A-level

When you’re choosing A-level subjects, consider how your choices go together. Geography fits with science subjects such as biology, physics and maths. But it also works well with social science options, such as politics or economics, or history and arts subjects.

Taking geography at A-level can be a stepping stone to subjects for further study at university or college. These include earth sciences such as geology and geophysics; urban or town planning; and other social sciences. But be sure to check entry requirements for university courses on UCAS , as entry routes vary.

See Choosing A-level subject: five points to consider for more information.

Geography at university

Geography is a broad academic degree. Graduates go on to work across a wide range of jobs and industries.

The Royal Geographical Society reports that geography has high levels of graduate employment and earnings, high student satisfaction rates, and low dropout rates.

What careers can I follow with geography?

Studying geography can lead to careers in areas such as:

• Environment and ecology
• Town planning
• Cartography (making maps)
• Conservation

Watch real-life videos on geography careers

Simon, cartographer, forestry commission.

Simon chose GCSE geography and then A-level maths, physics and business studies. “When it came to choosing my degree, I sort of wanted to choose something that was a bit more practical.”  He chose a subject called geophysics which explores the structure of the earth. Now he creates maps for the Forestry Commission.

Owain, hydrologist, Environment Agency

Owain did a geography degree and now monitors water quality. He started work with the Environment Agency as a temp and from there was able to apply for internal jobs.

Nicole, planning enforcement officer, Westminster City Council

“I liked all three subjects… Geography, economics, and design & technology is a mix of what makes town planning, so I thought, I’ll do town planning.” After her GCSEs Nicole wanted to become a dancer but was put off by the fees of performing arts school. Before going to university, she looked after people with learning disabilities and worked as a waitress.

Joanne, education ranger, Forestry Commission

“Most of my work is with school groups so you do need to be able to communicate with children and enjoy being with them.” Joanne took geography at A-level and went on to study ecology and economics at university. She now works with school groups and runs woodland events for members of the public.

Kati, head of digital media, V&A Museum

Kati took a geography degree and later studied history of design. She has found a career which combines her different interests.

Explore more icould videos on geography careers . Hear what it’s like to work for employers including The Eden Project, The Met Office, and The National Trust, as well as energy providers and local authorities.

And The Royal Society of Geography has more examples of geography jobs .

Last updated: 25th January 2024

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Top 15 Geography Degree Jobs

By Sherice Jacob

Published: November 30, 2023

Geography degree jobs are more about knowing where all the countries are on a map. It’s about understanding the earth and its natural and man-made systems and how they work together. As a geography student or recent graduate, you may be wondering, “What jobs can I get with a geography degree?” Are there geography degree jobs that are fulfilling and have good earning potential?

The good news is that geography is a multidisciplinary field that opens the doors to a wide range of specializations.

Here are the top 15 geography degree jobs that illustrate just how deep and fascinating careers in this discipline can go:

• Urban Planner
• GIS Specialist
• Climatologist
• Environmental Consultant
• Transportation Manager
• Hydrologist
• Cartographer
• Geographic Education Coordinator
• Emergency Management Director
• Remote Sensing Analyst
• Real Estate Appraiser
• Regional and City Planner
• Sustainability Consultant
• Demographer

1. Urban Planner

As an Urban Planner, your work is at the nexus of public policy, community development, and spatial organization. This profession is focused on the development of land use plans and programs that create communities, accommodate growth, or revitalize physical facilities in towns, cities, counties, and metropolitan areas.

As an Urban Planner

In your role as an Urban Planner, you could be tasked with assessing community needs, identifying social issues, and working with public officials to develop responsive planning policies. You might prepare studies on land use trends, environmental impact, infrastructure, or housing needs. It may be your responsibility to meet with developers, residents, or businesses to explain planning proposals, gather feedback, or address community concerns.

• Holistic Perspective on City Development: Urban planners play a pivotal role in shaping the growth and design of cities. Through their work, they gain a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between the physical environment, social dynamics, and economic forces, enabling them to influence urban landscapes in ways that cater to the needs of diverse communities.
• Contribution to Sustainable Future: With increasing concerns over climate change, urban planners have the unique opportunity to incorporate sustainable practices into city designs. This not only helps reduce the carbon footprint of urban areas but also ensures the longevity and resilience of the city’s infrastructure against various environmental challenges.
• Collaborative Environment: Working as an urban planner often involves liaising with various professionals, including architects, environmental scientists, and government officials. This fosters a collaborative work environment where diverse ideas and expertise are blended to create effective urban development strategies.
• Tangible Impact on Communities: The plans and projects urban planners work on directly affect the well-being of countless individuals. Seeing neighborhoods flourish, parks being established, or public transport systems improving can provide a deep sense of accomplishment, knowing that their work enhances the quality of life for many.
• Continual Learning and Adaptation: The field of urban planning is dynamic, with new challenges and technologies emerging regularly. This means that urban planners are always learning, adapting, and developing innovative solutions, making it an intellectually stimulating profession that remains relevant and forward-looking.

Working Conditions

Urban planners typically work in professional office settings, where they have access to the necessary tools, software, and resources to conduct thorough research and design plans for urban development. These offices, often found within government buildings, architectural firms, or consultancy agencies, are conducive to collaboration, as planners frequently engage in team discussions, meetings with stakeholders, and presentations. 

The nature of the job also sometimes requires site visits to survey land, assess the viability of a project, or gauge the needs of a community. These visits provide a hands-on perspective and an opportunity to directly interact with the environment they are shaping. While the job is largely a weekday, 9-to-5 position, there might be occasions when extended hours are needed, especially as project deadlines approach. Overall, the working conditions offer a balanced mix of desk work, field visits, and interactive sessions, making it diverse and dynamic.

Further Studies

• Master’s Degree in Urban or Regional Planning (often preferred).
• Certification from the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) can enhance job prospects.

What Skills Make You a Strong Candidate

Strong analytical skills are crucial – you’ll need to interpret and distill complex data into understandable plans and presentations. Your problem-solving ability will help you address community needs and navigate obstacles. Communication skills are vital too, for presenting proposals, engaging with the community, and collaborating with colleagues. It’s also beneficial to have a solid grasp of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to aid in spatial analysis and visualization.

Salary Range & Job Outlook

• Average Salary ($78,500)
• Job Outlook (4%)

The median annual wage for urban and regional planners was $78,500 in May 2021. Employment of urban and regional planners is projected to grow 4% from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

2. GIS Specialist

As a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Specialist, you’d be at the forefront of capturing, analyzing, and managing geographical data. You’d play a crucial role in transforming raw data into useful information that influences various sectors such as urban planning, environmental science, transportation, and more.

As a GIS Specialist

In your role as a GIS Specialist, you could be tasked with creating maps and graphs, using GIS software and related equipment. You might conduct spatial analysis and manage data to serve various projects and purposes. You’d be working closely with other professionals to integrate their data and needs into GIS. It may also be your responsibility to troubleshoot and maintain the integrity of GIS data and systems.

• You have a direct impact on decision-making processes in various sectors.
• The role offers excellent opportunities for growth and advancement.
• You can engage with cutting-edge technology and software.

GIS specialists typically operate in well-equipped office environments that provide them with access to advanced software and high-performance computing tools necessary for data analysis and map creation. These offices are often quiet and conducive to focused work, allowing specialists to delve deep into their projects. Collaborative efforts are common in the profession, meaning that many GIS specialists frequently engage with team members, other departments, or external clients to gather requirements or present their findings.

In addition to desk work, there may be occasions when fieldwork is required to collect data or validate existing datasets. This mix of indoor computer-based tasks and occasional outdoor assignments ensures that the role remains varied and engaging. The regularity of work hours tends to follow the traditional weekday structure, but like many professions, there might be periods of increased workload where additional hours are necessary to meet project milestones.

Overall, the working conditions for GIS specialists offer a blend of technological interaction, analytical challenges, and opportunities for professional collaboration.

• Specialized training or certification in GIS technology .

Being a GIS Specialist requires strong technical skills, particularly in GIS software like ArcGIS. Analytical skills are crucial for interpreting geographical data and spatial relationships. Problem-solving skills are important for identifying issues in data and systems, and communication skills will help you effectively collaborate with team members and explain your findings. A solid understanding of database systems and data integrity is also beneficial.

• Average Salary ($85,220)

The median annual wage for GIS specialists was $85,220 in May 2021. Employment of GIS specialists is projected to show little or no change from 2021 to 2031.

3. Climatologist

As a Climatologist, you’d engage in the scientific study of climate, examining weather patterns averaged over a significant period of time. You’d play an instrumental role in understanding the earth’s climate system and how it’s changing, contributing crucial insights for policy-making, environmental protection, and disaster management.

As a Climatologist

In your role as a Climatologist, you might gather and analyze weather data from various sources, like weather stations and satellites. You could be tasked with developing climate models to predict future climate trends, or studying past climate conditions to understand long-term patterns. Your research could help in understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate change.

• Direct Contribution to Global Understanding: Climatologists play an essential role in understanding the Earth’s climate system. Their research and findings significantly contribute to the global comprehension of weather patterns, climate change, and long-term atmospheric variations, providing invaluable insights for policy decisions and public awareness.
• Opportunity for Tangible Impact: By studying and predicting climatic changes, climatologists can influence policies and strategies related to environmental conservation, urban planning, and disaster preparedness. Their work directly aids in creating a sustainable future and mitigating potential climate-related challenges.
• Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Climatology often intersects with various fields such as oceanography, ecology, and geology. This means climatologists frequently collaborate with experts from diverse scientific backgrounds, enriching their research perspectives and fostering a dynamic work environment.
• Continuous Learning and Technological Engagement: The field of climatology is ever-evolving with the advent of new research methods and technological tools. This offers professionals an opportunity to continuously learn and utilize cutting-edge technology, from satellite systems to advanced climate modeling software, keeping their work exciting and innovative.
• Global Relevance and Recognition : As the world grapples with the challenges posed by climate change, the expertise of climatologists has never been more critical. Their research holds global significance, and their insights are sought after by governments, NGOs, and international organizations, ensuring that their contributions are recognized and impactful on a worldwide scale.

Climatologists often find themselves in dynamic and multifaceted working environments that range from modern laboratories and offices to field locations. In the office, they have access to state-of-the-art technology and software, enabling them to process data, run simulations, and collaborate with peers. The office setting also allows for regular interactions with other scientists, fostering a collaborative and enriching atmosphere where knowledge is shared and hypotheses are discussed. 

On the other hand, fieldwork can take them to a variety of locations, from remote polar regions to dense rainforests, offering a hands-on experience and a deep connection with the natural world they study. These field excursions not only provide invaluable data but also break the monotony of desk work, offering variety in their professional routine. 

Moreover, with the global emphasis on understanding and mitigating climate change, climatologists often find themselves engaged in interdisciplinary projects, workshops, and conferences, which further broadens their network and exposure to diverse perspectives. The working conditions for climatologists are a balanced mix of technical research, collaborative discourse, and adventurous fieldwork, making it a continually engaging and impactful profession.

• Master’s or PhD in Climatology or a related field, particularly for research-oriented roles.
• Additional training or certification in areas like GIS or climate modeling can be beneficial.

Being a Climatologist requires strong analytical skills for interpreting complex weather data. You’d need a strong background in mathematics and physics to understand climate models. Proficiency in using specialized software for data analysis and modeling is a must. Good communication skills are also important for presenting your findings and collaborating with other scientists.

• Average Salary ($94,570)

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics places climatologist under the broader category of atmospheric scientists, including meteorologists. With this in mind, the median annual wage for climatologists was $94,570 in May 2021. Employment is is projected to grow 4% from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

4. Environmental Consultant

As an Environmental Consultant, you’d provide advice and solutions to organizations seeking to manage their environmental impact, comply with regulations, and improve their sustainability practices. Your work would be crucial for businesses and governments aiming to balance their operations with environmental stewardship.

As an Environmental Consultant

In your role as an Environmental Consultant, you could be assessing the environmental impact of a site or an organization’s operations. You might help design, implement, and monitor environmental management systems or advise on regulatory compliance. You could also be tasked with conducting environmental audits or developing sustainability policies and strategies.

• Direct Contribution to Environmental Protection: Environmental consultants play a vital role in identifying, evaluating, and mitigating potential environmental risks. Their expertise ensures that businesses and organizations operate in an eco-friendly manner, directly contributing to the preservation and betterment of our natural surroundings.
• Diverse Range of Projects: Given the varied nature of environmental challenges, consultants often engage in a wide spectrum of projects, ranging from soil contamination assessments to wildlife habitat preservation. This diversity ensures that their work remains fresh, challenging, and continuously engaging.
• Interdisciplinary Interactions: Environmental consultancy often bridges the gap between science, business, and regulatory frameworks. This means consultants frequently liaise with professionals from diverse backgrounds, such as biologists, engineers, corporate leaders, and policymakers, enriching their professional network and broadening their perspective.
• Continuous Learning and Professional Growth: The field of environmental science is ever-evolving with the emergence of new research, technologies, and regulations. As consultants, professionals are always on their toes, staying updated with the latest trends, methodologies, and best practices, ensuring their knowledge remains current and valuable.
• Tangible Positive Impact: An environmental consultant’s recommendations can lead to tangible improvements in an area’s ecological health or a company’s sustainability practices. Witnessing the direct positive effects of their advice on the environment and communities offers a profound sense of accomplishment and purpose in their work.

Environmental consultants typically operate in a harmonious blend of office settings and field locations. In their offices, they typically have access to sophisticated tools and databases that allow them to analyze data, draft reports, and design sustainable solutions for their clients. This workspace is often conducive to focused research, allowing for deep dives into complex environmental issues.

Collaboration is at the heart of their profession, leading them to regularly engage in meetings with clients, stakeholders, and other experts, ensuring their strategies are both practical and impactful. Fieldwork is an integral aspect of their role, as consultants frequently visit sites to assess environmental conditions firsthand, gather samples, or oversee remediation efforts.

These outings not only break the monotony of desk-bound tasks but also offer them a tangible connection to the environments they aim to protect and enhance. Their schedules are often structured yet might require flexibility due to the unpredictable nature of environmental incidents or project demands.

• Master’s Degree or further specialized training in Environmental Management or a related field can be advantageous.
• Professional Certification may be required for certain roles such as a Certified Environmental Scientist (CES) designation.

As an Environmental Consultant, strong analytical skills are essential for assessing environmental data and impacts. You’ll need excellent problem-solving abilities to help organizations manage their environmental concerns. Communication skills are crucial, as you’ll often present findings and advise clients. Understanding environmental legislation and being able to interpret it for your clients is also key. Knowledge of GIS can also be beneficial for site analysis.

• Average Salary ($76,530)
• Job Outlook (5%)

The median annual wage for environmental scientists and specialists was $76,530 in May 2021. Employment of environmental scientists and specialists is projected to grow 5% from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

5. Transportation Manager

As a Transportation Manager, you’d be instrumental in ensuring the efficient and effective movement of goods or people. Whether in logistics companies, transit agencies, or municipalities, you’d oversee transportation operations, plan routes, and manage budgets to optimize transportation systems.

As a Transportation Manager

In your role as a Transportation Manager, you might be responsible for planning and implementing transportation schedules. You could be managing a team of drivers or fleet of vehicles, ensuring compliance with safety regulations. You might negotiate with suppliers or customers, analyze transportation costs, and find ways to improve efficiency.

• Influence Over Efficient Transportation Systems: Transportation managers hold significant sway over designing and implementing transportation strategies. Their decisions can enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve the overall movement of goods and people, having a direct impact on the economic and operational success of businesses and cities.
• Dynamic Work Environment: The role often presents a diverse range of challenges, from logistical planning and fleet management to coordination with external vendors and regulatory compliance. This variety ensures that every day is different, keeping the job engaging and stimulating.
• Opportunities for Innovation: With the advent of new technologies like electric vehicles, autonomous transport, and smart traffic management systems, transportation managers are at the forefront of integrating innovative solutions into traditional transportation models, making their role crucial in shaping the future of mobility.
• Collaborative Interactions: Transportation managers often work with a broad spectrum of individuals and teams, including drivers, suppliers, city planners, and governmental agencies. This network of interactions promotes a collaborative work environment and offers diverse perspectives on problem-solving.
• Job Stability and Growth Potential: Transportation is a vital industry that remains essential regardless of economic fluctuations. As a manager in this domain, individuals can enjoy a stable career with ample opportunities for advancement, given the continuous need for effective transportation systems in both public and private sectors.

Transportation managers often navigate a bustling and vibrant work environment that seamlessly blends strategy, operations, and interpersonal communication. Stationed frequently within transportation hubs or corporate settings, they are equipped with advanced tools and software to monitor fleet movements, manage schedules, and ensure timely deliveries. 

These technologically rich surroundings empower them to make real-time decisions that optimize routes, conserve resources, and maintain high levels of service. Moreover, field visits to terminals, warehouses, or inspection sites are a routine part of their job, providing them with a holistic view of operations and allowing them to connect directly with ground personnel. These on-site interactions also afford them the privilege of witnessing the tangible results of their planning and strategies.

• Master’s Degree in Transportation, Logistics, or related field can be beneficial for more advanced roles.
• Certifications like the Certified in Logistics, Transportation and Distribution (CLTD) from APICS can enhance job prospects.

As a Transportation Manager, strong organizational skills are crucial to coordinate complex transportation operations. You’ll need excellent problem-solving abilities to address logistical challenges. Good communication and leadership skills are important for managing teams and liaising with various stakeholders. A deep understanding of transportation regulations and safety standards is also key. Familiarity with GIS and route planning software can be a major asset.

• Average Salary ($77,030)
• Job Outlook (28%)

Under the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, transportation managers are classified under Logisticians. The median annual wage for logisticians was $77,030 in May 2021.Employment of logisticians is projected to grow 28% from 2021 to 2031, much faster than the average for all occupations.

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6. Hydrologist

As a Hydrologist, you’d be involved in the study of water and its distribution, circulation, and physical properties. Your work would be crucial in understanding water’s impact on the environment and its role in supporting life, influencing climate, and shaping landscapes.

As a Hydrologist

In your role as a Hydrologist, you might collect and analyze data on rainfall, river flows, and other aspects of the water cycle. You could use mathematical models to predict future water availability or flood risks. Your research could assist in water resource management, conservation efforts, and infrastructure planning.

• Key Role in Water Resource Management: Hydrologists play an instrumental role in understanding and managing our planet’s most vital resource: water. Their insights directly contribute to ensuring sustainable water supplies for communities, industries, and ecosystems, making their work of paramount importance.
• Diverse Range of Applications: The field of hydrology is vast, encompassing surface water studies, groundwater dynamics, water quality assessments, and more. This diversity allows hydrologists to engage in a wide variety of projects and challenges, from flood forecasting to contamination mitigation.
• Hands-On Field Work: In addition to office-based analyses and modeling, hydrologists often have the opportunity to conduct fieldwork in diverse environments, such as rivers, lakes, glaciers, and watersheds. This provides a tangible connection to the natural world and a refreshing break from routine office tasks.
• Contribution to Climate Change Understanding: As experts in water science, hydrologists are crucial in studying the impacts of climate change on water systems. Their research aids in predicting future water challenges and developing strategies to adapt to changing global conditions, positioning them at the forefront of one of the world’s most pressing issues.
• Interdisciplinary Collaborations: Hydrology intersects with various fields, including ecology, meteorology, engineering, and urban planning. This provides hydrologists with opportunities to collaborate with professionals from diverse backgrounds, broadening their perspective and enriching their research and solutions.

Hydrologists find themselves immersed in a work environment that harmoniously balances scientific research with tangible outdoor experiences. Based predominantly in well-resourced labs or offices, they are privy to cutting-edge software that aids in the simulation, modeling, and analysis of water-related data.

Parallel to this, the call of the outdoors beckons often, leading them to scenic locales—riversides, mountainous springs, underground aquifers, or coastal regions. These field expeditions not only offer a first-hand study of water systems but also instill a profound appreciation for the natural world and its intricacies. Regular interactions with stakeholders, ranging from local communities to government entities, lend a collaborative flavor to their role, ensuring their findings are both relevant and actionable.

• Master’s Degree in Hydrology, Water Resources, or a related field, particularly for research-oriented roles.
• Professional certification , like the Professional Hydrologist designation from the American Institute of Hydrology, can enhance job prospects.

As a Hydrologist, strong analytical skills are essential for interpreting complex water data. Proficiency in using specialized software for data analysis and modeling is a must. Good physical fitness can be important for conducting fieldwork. Strong communication skills are also required for presenting your findings and collaborating with other scientists or stakeholders. Understanding of geographical principles and systems is crucial, and knowledge of GIS can be very beneficial for spatial analysis.

• Average Salary ($84,030)

The  median annual wage  for hydrologists was  $84,030  in May 2021. Employment of hydrologists is projected to show little or no change from 2021 to 2031.

7. Cartographer

As a Cartographer, you’d be involved in the science and art of creating maps, charting the physical features, and sometimes sociopolitical or demographic characteristics of the world. Your work would be vital for a multitude of sectors, from urban planning and environmental management to navigation and tourism.

As a Cartographer

In your role as a Cartographer, you might be designing, updating, and producing different types of maps based on a variety of data sources. You could be using GIS software to analyze and visualize spatial data, or working with satellite imagery to map previously uncharted territories. Your maps might help inform public policy, support scientific research, or guide travelers.

• Shaping How People See the World: Cartographers have the unique responsibility and privilege of creating maps, which are not just practical tools, but also representations of how humans perceive and understand their environment. Through their work, cartographers influence how people navigate and relate to the world around them.
• Blend of Art and Science: Cartography is an interdisciplinary field that marries the precision of science with the creativity of art. Cartographers enjoy the satisfaction of blending technical skills with artistic flair to produce aesthetically pleasing yet accurate representations of physical and abstract spaces.
• Continuous Evolution with Technology: With the advent of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), satellite imaging, and digital design tools, cartography is a constantly evolving discipline. This provides professionals with opportunities to engage with the latest technological innovations and maintain a cutting-edge skill set.
• Diverse Application Across Sectors: Maps are essential in various sectors, from urban planning and transportation to tourism and environmental conservation. This wide range of applications ensures that cartographers can work in multiple industries, making their skill set versatile and in-demand.
• Opportunity to Educate and Inform: Beyond simple navigation, maps can convey complex information, represent historical shifts, or highlight societal trends. Cartographers have the potential to create educational tools that inform the public on topics ranging from climate change impacts to demographic changes, adding a deeper purpose to their creations.

Cartographers navigate a world where creativity converges with precision, often working within environments that foster both detailed analysis and imaginative design. Central to their workspace is access to sophisticated mapping software and digital design tools, which enable the crafting of intricate and informative maps. These modern offices are frequently buzzing with activity, as cartographers discuss topographical features, research historical data, or collaborate on design elements to ensure a map’s accuracy and appeal.

But cartography isn’t solely an indoor job. Many cartographers also venture into the field to gather firsthand geographical data, ensuring the authenticity of their maps. These outdoor excursions could range from local site visits to more extensive travels, offering a refreshing change of pace and a direct connection to the landscapes they depict. Interaction with professionals from diverse fields—be it urban planners, historians, or environmentalists—adds an enriching layer to their role, making it both multidimensional and continually engaging.

• Master’s Degree in Geography, GIS, or Cartography can be advantageous for advanced roles.
• Certifications like the GIS Professional (GISP) can enhance job prospects.

As a Cartographer, you’ll need strong technical skills in GIS software and digital mapping tools. Good design and visualization skills are crucial for creating clear, informative maps. Analytical skills are important for interpreting and representing spatial data, while attention to detail is key for ensuring the accuracy of your maps. Good communication skills will also help you understand user needs and present your work effectively.

• Average Salary ($68,900)
• Job Outlook (3%)

The median annual wage for cartographers and photogrammetrists was $68,900 in May 2021. Employment of cartographers and photogrammetrists is projected to grow 3% from 2021 to 2031, slower than the average for all occupations.

8. Geographic Education Coordinator

As a Geographic Education Coordinator, you’d be responsible for the development and implementation of geography-related educational programs. Whether in schools, museums, non-profit organizations, or government agencies, your work would be pivotal in promoting geographic literacy and fostering an appreciation for the complexities of our world.

As a Geographic Education Coordinator

In your role as a Geographic Education Coordinator, you might be developing curriculum and instructional materials for geography education programs. You could be organizing workshops, seminars, or field trips to enhance learning experiences. You might liaise with educators, administrators, and community members to promote geography education and awareness.

• Promotion of Geographic Literacy: Geographic education coordinators play a pivotal role in enhancing the understanding of geography among students and the general public. Through their initiatives, they ensure that individuals gain valuable insights into global interconnections, cultural awareness, and spatial thinking, fostering a more informed and globally conscious society.
• Collaborative Engagement: In their role, these coordinators often work closely with educators, curriculum developers, and other professionals. This interaction promotes a rich exchange of ideas, best practices, and the latest pedagogical techniques, making their role both socially engaging and professionally enriching.
• Opportunity to Shape Curriculum: Being at the intersection of education and geography, coordinators have a direct influence on what is taught and how it’s presented. This responsibility allows them to introduce innovative teaching methods, integrate new technologies, and ensure that the curriculum remains relevant in a rapidly changing world.
• Continuous Learning and Professional Development: The ever-evolving nature of geography means that coordinators are always exposed to new research, discoveries, and technological advancements in the field. This continuous exposure ensures their knowledge remains up-to-date, and they often benefit from attending workshops, conferences, and seminars, further enhancing their professional growth.
• Making a Tangible Impact: By improving geography education, coordinators directly impact the knowledge and perspectives of the next generation. This role allows them to witness the transformative power of education, as students develop a deeper appreciation for the world around them and the intricate relationships that shape it.

A geographic education coordinator operates at the crossroads of academic insight and practical application, often stationed within educational institutions or organizational offices that champion geographic literacy. Their workspace is typically vibrant and interactive, filled with a plethora of educational resources, geographic tools, and collaborative platforms. The nature of their job invites regular interactions with a diverse array of professionals—teachers, researchers, policymakers, and even students at times. Such exchanges nurture an environment of continuous feedback and innovation. 

Moreover, the role often necessitates attendance at academic conferences, workshops, and school visits, allowing the coordinator not just a static desk job but dynamic participation in a wider educational community. These excursions provide refreshing interludes, offering firsthand experiences of how geography is taught and perceived at different levels.

• Master’s Degree in Geography, Education, or Curriculum Development can be beneficial for advanced roles.
• Teaching certification or experience can be an asset, depending on the context.

As a Geographic Education Coordinator, you’ll need excellent organizational skills for planning and implementing educational programs. Strong communication and interpersonal skills are important for collaborating with diverse stakeholders and promoting geography education. A solid understanding of geographic content and pedagogical techniques is crucial. Creativity can be a major asset in designing engaging and effective learning experiences.

• Average Salary ($63,740)

The U.S. BLS places geographic education coordinators under the broader category of instructional coordinators. The median annual wage for instructional coordinators was $63,740 in May 2021.

9. Emergency Management Director

As an Emergency Management Director, you’d play a crucial role in preparing for and responding to natural disasters, public health emergencies, or other crises. Whether in local government, healthcare systems, or private corporations, your work would help safeguard lives and communities.

As an Emergency Management Director

In your role as an Emergency Management Director, you might be developing plans and procedures for disaster response or crisis management. You could be coordinating with public safety officials, healthcare providers, and community leaders during emergencies. You might also conduct training and simulations to prepare your team and the community for various emergency scenarios.

• Critical Role in Community Safety: Emergency management directors are indispensable in ensuring the safety and security of their communities. Their decisions and actions can mean the difference between life and death during crises, making their role profoundly impactful and giving them a deep sense of purpose.
• Interdisciplinary Collaborations: The position often necessitates working closely with a diverse range of professionals, including firefighters, police officers, public health officials, and policymakers. This variety of interactions enriches their professional network and provides a multifaceted perspective on emergency preparedness and response.
• Opportunity for Continuous Learning: The dynamic nature of crises and disasters means that every situation presents a unique challenge. Directors continually update their skills and knowledge, adapting to new technologies, emergency response methodologies, and evolving threats, ensuring they’re always at the forefront of their field.
• Leadership and Decision-Making Role: As the primary figures in charge during emergencies, directors have the autonomy and authority to make crucial decisions, strategize responses, and lead teams. This leadership role offers a significant level of responsibility and the satisfaction of guiding communities through challenging times.
• Contribution to Resilience Building: Beyond immediate crisis response, emergency management directors play a vital role in building more resilient communities by devising mitigation strategies and preparedness plans. Their long-term efforts ensure that communities are better equipped to face future challenges, adding a dimension of forward-thinking to their role.

An emergency management director operates within a dynamic and often high-stakes environment, underpinned by the overarching goal of community safety and resilience.

The nature of emergencies demands that directors remain poised and adaptable, ready to transition seamlessly from routine planning meetings to urgent strategy sessions at a moment’s notice.

Their role frequently involves liaising with various agencies, community leaders, and experts, ensuring a multi-pronged, collaborative approach to crisis management. Field visits, to assess disaster sites or review preparedness drills, are an integral part of their job, offering a tangible connection to the communities they serve. Beyond the immediacy of emergencies, a significant portion of their time is invested in training sessions, community engagement initiatives, and resilience-building workshops.

• Master’s Degree in Emergency Management or a related field can be beneficial for advanced roles.
• Certifications like the Certified Emergency Manager (CEM) from the International Association of Emergency Managers can enhance job prospects.

As an Emergency Management Director, strong leadership skills are crucial to coordinate emergency response efforts. Excellent problem-solving abilities are key to manage crises effectively. Communication skills are essential for liaising with various stakeholders and conveying information clearly in high-pressure situations. An understanding of geographic principles and systems can be very beneficial for assessing risks and planning responses. Familiarity with emergency management software and GIS can also be a major asset.

• Average Salary ($76,730)

The median annual wage for emergency management directors was $76,730 in May 2021. Employment of emergency management directors is projected to grow 3% from 2021 to 2031, slower than the average for all occupations.

10. Remote Sensing Analyst

As a Remote Sensing Analyst, you’d be specialized in the use of airborne or satellite imagery to collect data and analyze various characteristics of an area. Your work could influence diverse sectors such as environmental management, urban planning, defense, agriculture, and natural resources exploration.

As a Remote Sensing Analyst

In your role as a Remote Sensing Analyst, you might collect, process, and analyze remote sensing data. You could be using different imaging technologies like LiDAR, radar, or multispectral imagery. You might interpret the collected data to understand land use patterns, assess environmental changes, or map resources.

• Engagement with Cutting-Edge Technology: Remote sensing analysts work with some of the most advanced technologies available, from satellite systems to sophisticated imaging software. This continuous exposure keeps them at the forefront of technological advancements in geospatial science.
• Contribution to Diverse Fields : The data generated by remote sensing has applications in numerous sectors, including environmental conservation, urban planning, disaster management, and agriculture. Analysts, therefore, have the opportunity to contribute to a wide array of projects, making their work versatile and impactful.
• Global Perspective on Environments: Remote sensing allows analysts to study and monitor locations across the globe, providing a unique and broad perspective on various environmental and urban changes. This global view is not only intellectually stimulating but also deepens their understanding of the interconnectedness of our planet’s systems.
• Continuous Learning Opportunities: The field of remote sensing is rapidly evolving, with new methodologies, sensors, and applications emerging regularly. As a result, analysts often participate in workshops, conferences, and training programs, ensuring lifelong learning and professional growth.
• Flexible Work Environment: Given the nature of the job, which often revolves around data analysis and software-based tasks, many remote sensing analysts have the flexibility to work from different locations, including home offices, granting them a favorable work-life balance.

Remote sensing analysts inhabit a world that is an intricate dance between vast digital datasets and the nuanced terrains they represent. Typically working within well-equipped labs or offices, these professionals have access to powerful computer systems designed to handle the complex imaging and geospatial data derived from satellites and airborne sensors. The ambiance in their workplace often resonates with a fusion of focused concentration and collaborative brainstorming, as they team up with geographers, environmental scientists, and other specialists to decode the stories told by the data. 

While much of their time is spent behind screens, analyzing and interpreting this data, occasional field trips to ground-truth or calibrate their findings add a touch of adventure to their routine. These expeditions offer them a chance to connect the dots between the digital world and the physical terrain. Given the global nature of remote sensing, analysts are also introduced to a multitude of environmental scenarios, from shrinking polar ice caps to urban expansion in megacities.

• Master’s Degree or further specialized training in Remote Sensing or Geospatial Sciences can be advantageous.
• Certifications like the Certified Mapping Scientist, Remote Sensing from the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing can enhance job prospects.

As a Remote Sensing Analyst, you’ll need strong technical skills in remote sensing software and data analysis tools. Good analytical skills are crucial for interpreting complex imagery and spatial data. Attention to detail is key for ensuring the accuracy of your analyses. Familiarity with various remote sensing technologies and methodologies is essential, as is the ability to communicate your findings effectively to non-specialists.

• Average Salary ($83,680)

The median annual wage for geoscientists was $83,680 in May 2021. Employment of geoscientists is projected to grow 5%  from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

11. Surveyor

As a Surveyor, you’d be engaged in the precise measurement and mapping of the earth’s surface. Your work would be fundamental to a variety of activities, from land development and construction projects to environmental studies and mapmaking.

As a Surveyor

In your role as a Surveyor, you might be conducting field surveys to determine property boundaries, collecting data for construction projects, or mapping topographical features. You could use sophisticated technology, like GPS and GIS, along with traditional surveying tools. You might prepare maps, reports, or legal descriptions of surveyed property.

• Direct Interaction with the Landscape: Surveyors often spend a significant amount of their time outdoors, directly interacting with various terrains and environments. This immersion in nature and the built environment provides a refreshing contrast to many professions that are predominantly office-bound.
• Blend of Tradition and Modern Technology: While the principles of surveying have ancient roots, the methods have evolved dramatically. Today, surveyors use a combination of traditional techniques and cutting-edge technology, such as GPS systems, drones, and laser scanners, offering a balanced mix of historical practices and contemporary innovations.
• Variety of Projects: Surveyors can work on a wide range of projects, from plotting land for construction, to mapping archaeological sites, to assisting in environmental conservation efforts. This variety ensures that their job remains diverse and challenging.
• Foundation for Many Developments: The data and measurements provided by surveyors are foundational to many projects in construction, real estate, and infrastructure development. Their role is vital in ensuring that such projects are based on accurate and reliable information, giving them a sense of accomplishment and significance.
• Continuous Learning Opportunities: The field of surveying, like many technical professions, is constantly evolving. Surveyors often participate in ongoing training to stay updated with the latest tools, techniques, and regulations, ensuring that their skills remain relevant and in-demand.

Surveyors have the unique privilege of stepping out from behind desks and interacting directly with the vast landscapes they aim to measure and define. Their workspaces can be as varied as bustling construction sites, serene farmlands, or untouched wilderness, depending on the project at hand. While the allure of working outdoors under the open sky is undeniable, surveyors also benefit from modern technology to make their tasks efficient. 

Equipped with tools ranging from traditional transit levels to advanced drone technology, their role is an elegant blend of hands-on fieldwork and precise data analysis. When not in the field, their indoor environments are often well-structured labs or offices where they interpret data, create detailed reports, and collaborate with professionals like engineers and architects. Frequent travel, both short and long distances, adds an element of adventure to their profession, ensuring that their day-to-day experiences remain varied and enriching.

• Licensure as a surveyor is usually required, which involves passing an exam after gaining work experience.
• Professional certification , like Certified Survey Technician (CST) from the National Society of Professional Surveyors, can enhance job prospects.

As a Surveyor, strong technical skills are crucial for using surveying instruments and software. Excellent attention to detail is vital to ensure precision in your measurements and calculations. Good physical fitness can be beneficial for fieldwork. Strong communication skills are also required for working with clients and team members. Understanding of legal documents and property laws can be very beneficial, as can proficiency in GIS and CAD software.

• Average Salary ($61,600)

The median annual wage for surveyors was $61,600 in May 2021. Employment of surveyors is projected to show little or no change from 2021 to 2031.

Despite limited employment growth, about 3,800 openings for surveyors are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Most of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

12. Real Estate Appraiser

As a Real Estate Appraiser, you’d be involved in the process of estimating the value of real property, which encompasses land and the buildings on it. Your work would play a critical role in transactions such as sales, mortgages, and insurance policies, affecting both individuals and institutions.

As a Real Estate Appraiser

In your role as a Real Estate Appraiser, you might inspect properties, noting their unique characteristics and any improvements or damages. You could compare the property to similar ones that have recently sold, in order to determine its value. Your work could impact important financial decisions, including loan amounts, investment values, or property sale prices.

• In-Depth Understanding of the Property Market: Real estate appraisers possess a deep knowledge of property values, market trends, and factors influencing property prices. This specialized expertise allows them to offer valuable insights, making them essential consultants in property transactions.
• Autonomy in Work: Many real estate appraisers operate independently or run their own businesses. This independence grants them the flexibility to set their own schedules, choose their clients, and determine the scope of their services.
• Varied Work Locations: Appraisers aren’t confined to a desk or office. Their role often takes them to diverse property locations, from residential neighborhoods to commercial centers, ensuring a change of scenery and preventing the monotony that might come with more stationary jobs.
• Continuous Learning Opportunities: The real estate market is constantly evolving due to economic, political, and social factors. Appraisers need to stay updated with these changes, leading them to engage in ongoing education and training, which enriches their professional knowledge and skills.
• Essential Role in Major Financial Decisions: An appraiser’s assessment plays a pivotal role in significant transactions like buying or selling a property, refinancing, or securing a loan. This influential position grants them the satisfaction of knowing their expertise directly impacts critical financial decisions.

Their day might start in a comfortable office, diving deep into property databases, zoning records, and comparable market analyses. Yet, by afternoon, they could be on-site at a picturesque countryside estate or a modern urban condominium, meticulously assessing its condition and features. 

The job offers a mix of solitude, when crafting detailed reports or making valuation calculations, and interpersonal interactions, while consulting with realtors, homeowners, or financial institutions. The variety in property types ensures that no two days are identical — from assessing historical homes to evaluating newly built commercial properties. The dynamic nature of real estate, influenced by ever-shifting market trends and regulations, also ensures that appraisers remain engaged in continuous learning, adapting their methods and understanding as the market evolves.

• State licensure or certification is typically required, which involves passing an examination and completing a certain number of hours of appraising experience.
• Designations like the MAI (Member Appraisal Institute) can enhance job prospects.

As a Real Estate Appraiser, your keen eye for detail will help you accurately evaluate properties. Analytical skills are important for interpreting market data and determining property values. Good communication and customer service skills can be beneficial when interacting with property owners or clients. Familiarity with geographic area and understanding of property laws and market trends can give you an edge in this field. Knowledge of real estate software and databases can also be beneficial.

• Average Salary ($61,340)

The median annual wage for property appraisers and assessors was $61,340 in May 2021. Employment of property appraisers and assessors is projected to grow 4% from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

13. Regional and City Planner

As a Regional and City Planner, you’d be at the forefront of shaping the landscapes of urban and rural areas alike. Your work would involve designing and updating comprehensive plans, zoning regulations, and development strategies that help communities grow in a sustainable, efficient, and equitable way.

As a Regional and City Planner

In your role as a Regional and City Planner, you might be developing plans for land use in your community, reviewing development proposals, and advising on public infrastructure projects. You could work closely with public officials, community members, and developers to ensure that growth and development align with the community’s vision and needs.

• Shaping the Future of Communities: Regional city planners play a pivotal role in determining how cities and towns evolve over time. Their decisions and designs have a lasting impact, ensuring that urban and rural areas are sustainable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing for generations to come.
• Interdisciplinary Collaboration: The role involves liaising with a myriad of professionals, from architects and engineers to public health officials and environmentalists. This breadth of interactions enriches their professional network and fosters a comprehensive approach to planning.
• Addressing Societal Challenges: Planners have the unique opportunity to devise solutions to pressing societal issues such as housing shortages, traffic congestion, and environmental concerns. Through strategic planning, they can drive positive change and improve the quality of life for residents.
• Professional Development and Recognition: As city planning is a continually evolving field, there are numerous opportunities for further education, training, and specialization. Planners can gain recognition for their innovative projects, and their expertise often positions them as thought leaders in urban development.
• Variety in Tasks and Projects: No two projects are the same in regional city planning. Whether it’s revitalizing an old neighborhood, designing a new park, or strategizing transportation networks, the job offers a plethora of diverse and exciting challenges.

A regional city planner thrives in a harmonious blend of office strategizing and on-site explorations. Ensconced within urban agencies or dedicated planning firms, they are frequently surrounded by detailed maps, data-rich reports, and digital modeling tools that aid them in visualizing the future of urban spaces. 

While they spend considerable time in meetings, discussing projects with stakeholders or pitching ideas to city officials, there’s also a tangible aspect to their job. Site visits allow them to immerse themselves in the actual spaces they’re shaping, offering an exciting connection between their plans and their real-world implementation. The role demands adaptability, given the range of projects they handle, from green urban spaces to bustling commercial districts. This dynamism ensures that planners are continually encountering new challenges, requiring innovative solutions.

• Master’s Degree in Urban Planning or a related field is often preferred.

As a Regional and City Planner, you’ll need strong analytical skills to evaluate data, development proposals, and community needs. Communication skills are vital for collaborating with various stakeholders and presenting your plans. Understanding of planning laws and regulations, and familiarity with GIS and CAD software can be a major asset. Your creative problem-solving abilities can help in devising innovative planning solutions. Attention to detail is crucial for preparing comprehensive plans and reviewing development proposals.

14. Sustainability Consultant

As a Sustainability Consultant, you’d play a vital role in helping organizations implement sustainable practices in their operations. Your expertise would guide businesses, governments, or non-profit organizations in reducing their environmental impact, meeting sustainability regulations, and achieving their social responsibility goals.

As a Sustainability Consultant

In your role as a Sustainability Consultant, you might be conducting sustainability audits, developing and implementing sustainable business practices, and advising on sustainability regulations and standards. You could also work on communication strategies to engage stakeholders and promote an organization’s sustainability efforts.

• Direct Impact on Environmental Goals: Sustainability consultants play a crucial role in helping organizations reduce their ecological footprints, ensuring that businesses operate in an environmentally-friendly manner, which contributes to global sustainability goals.
• Diverse Clientele and Projects: Sustainability consultants work with a wide range of clients, from corporations to nonprofits to governmental bodies, providing a variety of experiences and challenges in different sectors, such as energy, waste management, and sustainable design.
• Continual Learning Opportunities: The field of sustainability is rapidly evolving, with new research, technology, and best practices emerging frequently. This provides consultants with endless opportunities to learn and stay at the forefront of sustainable solutions.
• High Demand and Growing Field: As more organizations recognize the importance of sustainable operations, the demand for expertise in this area is growing, positioning sustainability consultants as valuable assets in the modern business landscape.
• Personal Fulfillment: Working as a sustainability consultant offers the intrinsic reward of knowing that one’s work directly benefits the planet, future generations, and the overall well-being of society.

Sustainability consultants operate in an environment that perfectly balances the theoretical with the practical.. Digital tools and software aid them in modeling sustainability scenarios and predicting outcomes of various strategies. Yet, their role is not limited to the digital realm. They frequently participate in on-site evaluations, assessing processes, and collaborating with diverse teams within an organization. This ensures that their recommendations are grounded in real-world operations.

Due to the broad scope of sustainability, these consultants might find themselves in various settings – from industrial plants aiming to reduce emissions to corporate boardrooms discussing green strategies. Meetings, workshops, and conferences are a staple, facilitating the exchange of ideas and staying updated with global sustainability trends.

• Master’s Degree or certification in Sustainability, Environmental Management, or a related field can be beneficial.
• Certifications such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) can enhance job prospects.

As a Sustainability Consultant, you’ll need strong analytical skills for assessing sustainability performance and devising improvement strategies. Excellent communication skills are vital for advising clients, presenting findings, and promoting sustainability practices. Understanding of sustainability standards, environmental regulations, and industry practices is crucial. Familiarity with environmental auditing and impact assessment tools can be a major asset, as can the ability to lead change and foster commitment to sustainability within an organization.

Sustainability consultant salary and job outlook details are found under the broader category of environmental scientists and specialists on the U.S. BLS. With this in mind, The median annual wage for environmental scientists and specialists was $76,530 in May 2021. Employment of environmental scientists and specialists is projected to grow 5% from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

15. Demographer

As a Demographer, you’d be involved in the study of human populations, analyzing data about age, race, economic status, migration, and other demographic factors. Your work would provide crucial insights for policy-making, social services, marketing, urban planning, and various other fields.

As a Demographer

In your role as a Demographer, you might be conducting research to gather and analyze demographic data. You could use statistical methods to forecast trends in population growth or decline. You might provide data-based insights to inform decisions in fields such as healthcare, education, housing, and marketing.

• Invaluable Insights into Population Dynamics: Demographers analyze the patterns, trends, and shifts in populations, granting them a deep understanding of societal changes and evolutions that few other professionals possess.
• Influence on Public Policy: Their analyses often serve as critical data points for policymakers. By providing these insights, demographers can play an integral role in shaping policies related to areas like public health, education, housing, and immigration.
• Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Demography intersects with various fields, from sociology and economics to public health and urban planning. This interplay allows demographers to collaborate with a range of professionals, enhancing the depth and breadth of their research.
• Continuous Learning Opportunities: Populations are constantly evolving due to countless factors, from migration and birth rates to societal changes and global events. This dynamic nature of the subject ensures that demographers are always learning and adapting, making the field perpetually engaging.
• Diverse Employment Opportunities: The skills and insights of demographers are sought after in various sectors. Whether in academic research, governmental bodies, international organizations, or private corporations, demographers find that their expertise has broad applicability and demand.

The working conditions of a demographer are characterized by a blend of solitary data analysis and collaborative discussions. In their typical workspace, filled with computer screens flashing intricate charts, maps, and statistical software, they delve deep into data, uncovering stories that numbers tell about populations.

But demography isn’t just about solitary number-crunching. Demographers frequently engage in team meetings, presentations, and seminars, sharing their insights or collaborating on larger research projects. The nature of their work also grants them opportunities to travel, be it for field research, conferences, or consultations. This offers a refreshing change from the usual desk-bound tasks, allowing them to gather real-world insights and broaden their perspectives.

• Master’s Degree or Ph.D. in Demography or a related field for advanced research roles.
• Specialized training or certification in statistical analysis software can be beneficial.

As a Demographer, strong analytical and statistical skills are vital for interpreting complex data sets. Proficiency in data analysis software is often necessary. Excellent written communication skills are important for presenting your findings in reports or academic papers. Familiarity with demographic trends and methodologies, as well as a keen understanding of social and economic factors that influence population dynamics, can give you an edge in this field.

• Average Salary ($59,740)
• Job Outlook (6%)

The median annual wage for survey researchers was $59,740 in May 2021. Employment of survey researchers is projected to grow 6% from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations.

Making the Right Career Choice

Navigating the diverse career options available with a geography degree involves an understanding not only of the unique characteristics and requirements of each profession but also a deep self-assessment. Identifying your personal strengths, areas of interest, and long-term career goals are essential steps in choosing the right path.

Each job has its specific set of demands, from technical proficiency to analytical thinking, from communication skills to physical stamina. Therefore, it’s crucial to consider what skills you already possess, which ones you are eager to develop further, and how these align with the career you envision for yourself. By taking the time to reflect on these aspects, you can make informed decisions that can lead to a fulfilling career that satisfies both your professional ambitions and personal aspirations.

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What Can I Do with a Geography Degree? [2024 Guide]

Geography may have caught your eye as an intriguing major, but you may be thinking, “What can I do with a geography degree?”

Studying geography can introduce you to fascinating topics and intriguing parts of the world. You can also learn to collect data and apply your findings toward solving a range of problems that affect places and people.

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Whether you’re interested in climate, soil, air, water, landforms, or other aspects of geography, a degree in this field may be the start of a satisfying career.

What Can I Do with a Geography Degree?

Geography majors sometimes become geographers—scientists who study the Earth and its people groups.

Geographers work with data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to uncover insights and inform future decisions. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, geographers most often work for the government or architectural and engineering firms. Not every geography major becomes a geographer, though.

Some students specialize in a particular scientific field, such as atmospheric, soil, or environmental science. Others choose to pursue urban planning, surveying, or mapmaking roles.

Nearly all of these lines of work will make use of the research and data-analysis skills learned in a geography program. Plus, professionals in these jobs often work with Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Leadership roles in these fields may require experience or advanced degrees, but there are a number of entry-level opportunities for those who have recently graduated. Working as a technician can provide starting experience. Example roles include environmental protection, surveying, mapping, and agricultural science technicians.

5 Things You Can Do with a Geography Degree

There are many different careers in geography that graduates consider after earning a college degree in this field. Professionals may have jobs related to land or sky, cities or wilderness, fieldwork or office work.

1. Cartographer

Professionals who create or update maps are known as cartographers. This job can involve using surveying reports and imaging tools to collect data on a region.

Cartographers use the data to develop maps or other visual representations of a geographic area. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, cartographers often work for government agencies. They’re also useful in the architecture, engineering and consulting fields.

2. Atmospheric Scientist

A geography major who is interested in the ways that climate affects people and places might consider a career in atmospheric science. Some atmospheric scientists study current conditions, and others look for clues to learn more about historical weather patterns.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, atmospheric science is one of the top-paying roles for geography majors. Also, jobs for this position are increasing at a 6% rate over the next ten years.

3. Urban Planner

Professionals who work in urban planning help make decisions about the best ways to use a city’s land and resources.

They can analyze zoning regulations or review development proposals. Urban planners work in cities, but there are also regional planners who oversee larger areas, such as counties. A bachelor’s degree most often leads to assistant roles in this field. Becoming a senior planner may require a master’s degree.

4. Environmental Specialist

Geographers can apply their knowledge of the Earth to help find solutions to environmental issues. Environmental scientists and specialists collect data and use it to solve problems. They may prepare reports or advise policymakers.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics says that environmental specialists often work for consulting firms, government agencies, or engineering organizations. Jobs in this area are growing at an 8% rate over the next ten years.

5. Geographer

Of course, working as a geographer is one of the top roles for a geography major. Geographers are scientists who study the layout of the Earth as well as the world’s political and cultural systems.

Professionals in this field may spend much of their time gathering data. They may use surveys, images, and other research methods. They can also analyze data to discover new insights or search for solutions to issues.

Geography Careers & Salaries

Geography majors work in a variety of roles related to the Earth, the atmosphere, and the relationship between people and their world. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , the median annual salary for life, physical, and social science occupations is $69,760.

Geography graduates may begin with entry-level technician jobs and work their way up to more advanced roles with experience or additional education.

Why Major in Geography?

The field of geography covers a wide range of topics related to people and the planet. Geography degrees introduce students to various places in the world and the ways that humans and their environments interact.

If you’re interested in a field that combines science, data analysis, communications, and hands-on discovery work, then this major might be a good fit for you. In geography, you’ll probably engage in a mix of fieldwork and desk work. You can gain invaluable skills related to gathering and analyzing data.

After graduation, geography majors tend to pursue work as geographers, environmental technicians, soil scientists, or surveyors.

What Do You Learn in Geography?

In a geography degree program, you’ll typically learn about land, water, air, and weather. You’ll also discuss people groups and how they relate to their environments.

The two main branches of this field are physical geography and human geography. The physical branch focuses on the shape and structure of the Earth and its features, and the human branch addresses how people interact with the planet and establish social systems.

Course topics that are often covered in a geography program include cartography, geography research methods, geology of the Earth, and population issues. You can expect to learn about Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as well.

Is Geography a Good Major?

Yes, geography is a good major for many undergraduate students. Geography studies offer variety.

One day, you may get to conduct lab work with soil samples. The next day, you may create models using computer software. There may even be opportunities for you to engage in weeks-long study trips.

After graduation, a geography major may pursue work in a variety of directions, depending on their specialization. Many geography-related career paths can pay well, too.

For example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics says that atmospheric scientists make a median salary of $99,740 each year, geographers make a median of $85,430, and urban planners earn a median of $75,950. Government agencies need geographers, and private-sector organizations hire geography professionals, too.

What Jobs Can You Get with a Geography Degree?

Students who graduate with a degree in geography have been known to work in a wide variety of roles.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, many geography professionals work for federal, state, or local governments. Others are employed by architectural, engineering, or research and development firms. Geography professionals also hold consulting positions.

Some work as agricultural scientists. Soil science and technology is a branch of this field that geography majors may be particularly suited for. Others pursue jobs in surveying and mapmaking. Roles in this sector include surveying technician, surveyor, cartographer, and photogrammetrist. Urban and regional planning is another relevant field for geography experts.

How Much Does a Geography Major Make?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most geographers earn between $53,630 and $117,100 each year. Federal government jobs often provide some of the highest salaries as well as the highest employment. The median salary for federal geographers is $92,080.

Atmospheric science is one of the most lucrative fields for geography professionals. The median income for that job category is $99,740, and those who work in research and development make a median of $110,790 each year.

Urban and regional planning is another top-paying job. Salaries between $46,830 and $118,280 are common (Bureau of Labor Statistics).

What’s the Difference Between Geology vs. Geography?

If you’re interested in studying a scientific field related to the Earth, then you could pursue geography or geology. Here’s how they compare:

While the names sound similar, geology and geography are distinct paths. In fact, if you are more interested in geoscience specifically, it may be worth looking into accredited on-campus or online geoscience degree programs.

Is a Geography Degree Worth It?

Yes, a geography degree is worth it for many students. This field of study helps equip you with the ability to collect and analyze data. As a result, most geography majors are ready to study problems and brainstorm solutions. These skills can be useful in a variety of roles.

Many geography courses are tech-focused, which is valuable in today’s job markets. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) skills apply to many industries. Geographers’ talents are also in demand. Jobs for urban planners are growing at an 11% rate over the next ten years (Bureau of Labor Statistics).

Positions for environmental science technicians are increasing by 8%, and agricultural and food science roles are growing at a 6% rate.

Getting Your Degree in Geography Online

Geography studies are highly relevant to the world in which you live. This major isn’t just about learning where to climb mountains or find a desert.

Rather, the field of geography deals with understanding the Earth and its occupants for the sake of finding solutions to important problems. If this field sounds like it may be right for you, then a geography degree might be in order. You can even earn your degree online from an accredited university.

Online college classes are engaging, effective, and flexible. For a geography degree that suits your scheduling needs, you can check out your options for accredited online geography degree programs.

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What can you do with a geography degree?

Sabrina Collier

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Table of contents

• Introduction

Typical careers in geography 

Environmental consultant , cartographer , town planner , geographical information systems officer , conservation officer , other careers in geography , landscape architect , teacher/lecturer , politics or non-profit organizations.

If you studied  geography , other students at university may have joked about your degree consisting of ‘coloring in’ – but your degree will have actually provided you with strong research and analytical skills, which are highly regarded by many employers.

Plus, if you want to make a difference to the world, studying geography is a good place to start.  Geography careers  offer opportunities to develop solutions to some of the most pressing issues for modern society, including climate change, natural disasters, overpopulation, urban expansion, and multicultural integration. 

The career path you choose may depend on whether you have studied physical geography or human geography. The former is a natural science, focusing on the Earth’s physical materials and processes, while the latter is a social science, focusing on issues relating to human communities and cultures.

Whatever career path you pursue, it’s advisable to try and get work experience in your chosen field, to gain an awareness of the roles available and to form contacts. Fieldwork is a useful way of developing your practical skills and gaining hands-on experience. Your university may also provide you with opportunities to complete work placements.

Read on to find out more about which  careers in geography  would best suit you, and how to increase your employability in these areas.

Environmental consultants work to ensure that their commercial or government clients comply with regulations and address a variety of environmental issues. This is a varied role, typically focusing on identifying whether an area of land, air or water is polluted, and what the impact would be, by means of desk-based research and field work.

Environmental consultancy offers the opportunity for a structured career path with the potential to specialize in an area of interest. Work experience would be very beneficial for entry in this role, with potential employers including water-related organizations and the government. 

Careers in  cartography  involve developing and producing different types of maps, as well as producing related diagrams, charts, spreadsheets and travel guides. Your role as a cartographer may also include the restoration of old maps and historical documents. Cartographers work within a variety of areas, including publishing, government, surveying and conservation. Today the field commonly also draws on an array of advanced technologies, such as geographical information systems (GIS) and digital-mapping techniques. 

You will not usually need a postgraduate degree or previous experience to pursue this role, but you may nonetheless find it helpful to have completed a specialized degree in a topic such as remote sensing, and/or gain some practical experience.

As a town planner, you may deal with the management and development not only of towns, but also cities, villages and rural areas. You will put your analytical skills and knowledge of the environment into use to improve existing infrastructure and find solutions to environmental issues, as well as ensuring new developments are in line with various policies and regulations.

A large part of your job will be to satisfy the needs of businesses and local communities, while ensuring that development is sustainable and natural environments are maximally preserved. You are likely to need a postgraduate qualification in order to increase your prospects of becoming a chartered town planner.

If, as well as the environment, you’re interested in working with data, analytics and computer systems, then this role might suit you. Geographic information systems (GIS) are computerized systems used for the collection, storage, analysis, management and presentation of complicated geographical information , for example radar.

Geographical information systems officers carry out the gathering and examination of geographical data generated by GIS. The data can be applied in a variety of areas, such as defense, meteorology, oil, gas, telecommunications and transportation, to make decisions which benefit the environment.

For entry into this role, you may find it useful to have previously studied GIS as a module during your degree, and many employers also highly value a relevant postgraduate degree and/or work experience.

If you are passionate about the environment and want to encourage others to appreciate and safeguard the natural world , you might like to become a conservation officer. In this career you will work to protect a natural environment and raise awareness of the ways in which the local community can enjoy its settings without having a negative impact. Similarly, a sustainable development officer would promote their particular employer’s sustainability practices in the local area. To increase your chances of pursuing this career, it is essential to gain some relevant work experience, through paid or voluntary work, and a  master’s degree in sustainable development  may be useful.

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If you have a creative side which you’re keen to explore whilst still protecting the environment, then this role could be for you. Landscape architects create, design and manage the open spaces around us to ensure that they are not only aesthetically pleasing, but also safe and sustainable . To become a landscape architect, you will need to complete an accredited postgraduate degree in architecture .

You may also like to pass on your geography skills and knowledge to the next generation as a geography teacher in a secondary school, college or further education institution. Like other teaching roles, this will usually require completion of a specialized teaching qualification and/or specialized study at master’s or PhD level . You’ll need excellent communication skills, creativity and commitment to your subject. You’ll also need to keep up to date with new developments in geography and perhaps arrange field trips as a practical learning method.

Geography degrees, particularly those specializing in human geography, are great for developing skills and knowledge that would be useful for a career in politics or the non-profit sector. If you want to get into politics, it’s wise to be involved with political groups at your university, or to take on leadership roles in societies. Similarly, volunteer work for environmental charities will give you a head-start in the non-profit sector.

If none of the above geography careers are appealing to you, there are still plenty of options available. The skills you’ve gained during your degree would also be useful for careers in a wide range of other industries, from commerce and the public sector, to transport and tourism.

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The former Assistant Editor of TopUniversities.com, Sabrina wrote and edited articles to guide students from around the world on a wide range of topics. She has a bachelor's degree in English Literature and Creative Writing from Aberystwyth University and grew up in Staffordshire, UK. 

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• Dec 5, 2022

10 Careers to Follow with a Geography Degree

Got a geography degree? Check out these related career paths.

Mike Dalley

HR and Learning & Development Expert

Reviewed by Hayley Ramsey

There are different types of geography degrees . Human geography is the study of relationships between cultures, communities, and other human relationships, whereas physical geographers study the processes that shape our planet.

Geography is a fascinating subject, but unlike some other degrees, such as business studies or computer science, it might not be immediately obvious to know which jobs might benefit from a degree, but there are quite a few good career options to choose from. This article takes you through the top ten best career opportunities to follow with a geography degree, as well as their average salaries, sourced from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1. Geographer

What they do: Geographers study the earth, its features, the planet’s natural processes, and the people that live here. The role is science-led and serves to discover knowledge to improve our understanding of the planet. Geographers working in the field will conduct experiments and observations, before reporting back to companies or educational institutions with geographical data.

How to become: Significant education in geography or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) will be important if you want to become a geographer. This will involve studying at master’s level, and if you really want to gain a job in a prestigious institution, pursuing a doctorate will be important too. You can also become accredited via the GIS Certification Institute.

What they earn: $86,740

2. Industrial ecologist

What they do: Industrial ecologists perform experiments and analyze data from the natural world to understand how environments are being impacted by factors like pollution, the weather, and by human activities. The role is an important part of environmental science and industrial ecologists’ assessments will often form the basis of scientific reports and sometimes be used by government agencies.

How to become: As much as geography is very important, some education or experience in environmental studies or sustainability will also be useful. The role is chiefly concerned with preparing scientific assessments so some research experience, such as that obtained in a master’s or doctorate degree, will be essential for success in this role.

What they earn: $81,240

3. Conservation scientist

What they do: Conservation scientists study the natural environment and make assessments on how plants and animals are faring in their habitats. Conservation scientists will assess if a certain organism is endangered and make recommendations to scientists , companies, and the government on how it might be best to look after threatened species.

How to become: A geography degree will enable you to understand the relationship between natural organisms and the world around them , but a master’s degree in conservation science will be essential in this role. A doctorate degree will help you understand how to craft scientific reports relating to conservation, too.

What they earn: $68,230

4. Range manager

What they do: Range managers are responsible for the health and upkeep of forests. They will work outside in forests, developing new areas of growth and ensuring that existing woodland is looked after, and protecting the general area from human factors and adverse weather. The role works very closely with conservationists to ensure the long-term wellbeing of forestry areas.

How to become: Range managers need to have an excellent understanding of a wide variety of ecosystems before taking on the role. Geography graduates might gain this from doing work experience or an apprenticeship under an existing range manager. Vocational colleges will offer education related to forestry, and some experience or education in conservation will be useful as well.

5. Environmental scientist

What they do: Environmental scientists have deep expertise in geographical knowledge as well as other areas of the environment and will use this knowledge and practical techniques, such as remote sensing, to protect the environment and those that live in local areas, whether they are humans, plants, or animals. This is a complex role that serves to inform companies and governments of correct courses of action.

How to become: After completing a geography degree, a master’s or doctorate degree in environmental science is essential for you to succeed in this role. Some work experience in conversation or environmental management will also be advantageous for you to understand the context behind the job.

What they do: Teachers have one of the most responsible jobs of all, educating young people on various subjects. Geography teachers will cover many elements of the subject, ranging from simple topics such as volcanoes, to more detailed scientific information like geographical models and theory, depending on the age of the class.

How to become: After graduating, prospective teachers need to enroll in a student teacher program, where they will learn the skills behind creating lessons, interacting with children, and providing a quality education. Teachers in the US need to be licensed . This can vary from state to state but will often follow Educational Testing Service (ETS) standards.

What they earn: $62,140

7. Librarian

What they do: There’s more to being a librarian than just sorting books. Librarians look after information and can be involved in archiving online articles, information management, or specializing in a certain subject in depth. Librarians can work for private companies, local organizations, or even for the federal government.

How to become: Librarians will need to have a postgraduate degree, ideally in a subject like Library Science (MLS), although the American Library Association (ALA) can provide a list of accredited degrees. Work experience or an apprenticeship as a trainee librarian is also advantageous. Given the complexity of the role and the different types of librarians, picking your desired career path will also be very important!

What they earn: $64,180

8. Cartographer

What they do: Cartographers study land to create maps of terrain or urban areas. They will also analyze data (such as population, weather, biodiversity and so on) to develop specialist maps that outline this information. Another important duty for cartographers is to study existing maps and update or correct them as needed. Some cartographers will only specialize in the analysis of older or ancient maps.

How to become: Whereas a geography degree (preferably a master’s as well as a bachelor’s) is important, the role of cartographer is changing as the profession becomes increasingly digital. Therefore, some experience and education in web design, online tools and information technology will be extremely important to have as well.

What they earn: $73,510

9. Surveyor

What they do: Surveyors are typically employed by companies or governments to undertake in-depth and technical analysis of ground, locations, and buildings to ascertain if they need modifying or if they fit to build on or inhabit. The role fulfills an important financial purpose in terms of property risk assessment but is chiefly concerned with the geography of the area being surveyed.

How to become: Surveyors need to have a license in the US, but this can be achieved through spending several years undertaking work experience under a surveyor who is already licensed. Otherwise, the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying will award licenses but require that your state’s minimum educational requirements are met, that you pass the Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) and Principles and Practice of Surveying (PS) exams , and that you gain work experience.

What they earn: $68,880

10. Urban planner

What they do: Urban planners typically work for city governments but can be employed privately. Their role is to plan cities and towns, through understanding the geographical complexities of the locations being earmarked for development. They will typically work with developers, governments, and architects to critique what can and cannot be done with urban space.

How to become: Urban planners will typically have higher education experience in a field such as architecture , social science, or environmental management, as well as geography. In addition to this, work experience in a city planning department will be advantageous.

What they earn: $81,310

Final thoughts

A degree in geography is not only versatile, but it can also give you an awesome job title that forms part of some truly incredible career paths. These geography careers are linked through working in nature and with natural resources. Therefore, these jobs have big impacts and can get you working in the great outdoors. And let’s face it, if you are planning to undertake a geography degree, you will have at least a passing interest in this lifestyle. Having a passion for geography , as well as a degree in the subject, will stand you in great stead for a career that is truly aligned to what you care about.

Are you looking for a career after completing your geography degree? Which career are you looking into? Let us know in the comments!

Career Exploration

Earth and Environment

What Can You Do With a Geography Degree?

Key Takeaways

• Proficiency in spatial and analytical skills are crucial for the success of geography degree graduates.
• A geography degree can open career opportunities in fields like public administration, education, business, transportation, and tourism.
• Although there are a wide range of positions that geography degree graduates can work in, geospatial information scientists are one of the highest paid positions.

Pursuing a geography degree opens the door to various rewarding careers that allow you to apply your spatial and analytical skills to make an impact. From consulting on economics to environmental conservation and sustainability roles, a geography education empowers graduates with the knowledge to tackle complex problems at local and global scales. Read on to learn more about the diverse paths and purpose-driven work available with a geography degree.

A degree in geography can lead to employment opportunities in various industries, such as public administration, education, business, industry, transportation, and tourism. Some of the most popular and well-remunerated jobs that you can pursue with a degree in geography include:

• Economic Consultant
• Environmental Expert

Cartographer

Your passion for human or physical geography will determine the course of your career. To build contacts and gain insight into the types of work that are accessible, try to obtain work experience in the field that you have selected.

A research university can be a great option for students interested in obtaining STEM degrees, which are those in science, technology, engineering, or math. Students will benefit from cutting-edge technologies and innovation in a rich and dynamic campus atmosphere. The top research universities give students a chance to choose from a wide range of well-funded degree programs and research opportunities.

Geographers examine Earth’s characteristics and structures to collect information for the Geographic Information System (GIS). This system is a database technology that geographers use to store, visualize, analyze, and retrieve information about the Earth.

So, geographers are responsible for drafting reports, making maps, conducting interviews and surveys, and working closely with the GIS technology.

The average yearly salary for a geographer is $84,173 .

Economic Consultants

Economists examine financial, political, and social aspects while assessing prospects for improving an organization. They conduct a great deal of research for the organization, which makes it possible to prepare in-depth reports and strategic plans to address its financial difficulties.

These professionals earn up to $120,000 on average each year .

Environmental Consultants

Environmental consultants work with businesses, offering advice on environmental issues. Their areas of expertise include developing rules for appropriate waste disposal, offering advice on green manufacturing, and carrying out sustainable energy projects. They also provide experience in handling natural disasters, guaranteeing that businesses ethically handle environmental issues.

Their yearly average salary is approximately $96,000 which depicts their relevance in the geographical sector.

Since cartographers perform in-depth studies and collect data to ensure accuracy, they are essential to constructing maps. They maintain accuracy in mapping by applying mathematical knowledge and sophisticated computer algorithms, which help to produce accurate and trustworthy cartographic representations.

They typically earn an annual salary of $71,000 .

What is the average salary for a geography graduate?

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that in 2019, the median salary for geographers was $81,970. The median salary for all income earners was significantly less than the $63,300 earned by the lowest-paid 25% of geographers annually.

A park ranger makes an average of $14.12 per hour and is considered a protector of natural habitats in geography occupations. With an annual salary of $70,039, landscape architects use their creative expertise to build parks, playgrounds, and gardens. Urban planners assess land and create plans for public and residential development. Their yearly compensation is $70,126.

Geography specialists are essential educators, making $14.67 an hour on average. They share information about the environment on Earth, discuss issues like climate change, and emphasize environmental conservation. Travel writers create interesting content for newspapers, blogs, and journals for $26.22 per hour.

Other Salary Positions

With an hourly rate of $18.13, surveyors play a major role in building planning procedures. Their areas of expertise are boundary determination through property measurement, data provision for engineers and construction workers, and legal paperwork. Geospatial analysts, earning an annual average of $45,812, analyze geographical data, translating it into digital formats.

Market researchers make $56,655 annually and are experts in gathering and interpreting data to help businesses make well-informed decisions. Librarians are paid $59,122 annually to carefully arrange and classify library materials.

Real estate appraisers, who make $60,548 annually, assess properties and buildings and use geography and market expertise to establish value. With an annual salary of $63,318, transportation managers are essential in organizing and monitoring shipments to guarantee timely, safe, and economical delivery.

Factors Affecting the Average Salary of a Geography Graduate

The average salary for a geography graduate is undulating for several factors, including:

• Specialization: The area of geography chosen, like environmental science or urban planning, impacts salary; specialized skills often lead to higher compensation.
• Experience: Professional experience depth influences salary, with seasoned graduates and successful track records often earning more.
• Location: Salary varies by location, considering living costs and demand for geography skills in different regions.
• Industry Demand: Salary levels are influenced by the demand for geography skills in technology or government sectors.
• Education Level: Higher education, such as a master’s or doctoral degree, can boost earning potential and access advanced roles.

Related Questions

What is the highest-paying geography job.

Geospatial information scientists and cartographers are at the forefront of lucrative careers in geography, boasting the highest salaries. Their specialized skills in mapping, data analysis, and spatial technology define their professional prowess and amplify their earning potential, making them critical contributors to the evolving niche of geographical sciences.

Which are the best government jobs in geography?

Prominent government roles in geography involve urban and regional planners, GIS specialists, and environmental scientists. These professionals play essential roles in policy formulation, resource management, and fostering sustainable development. Their expertise is integral to creating resilient communities, optimizing land use, and mitigating environmental impact for a more sustainable future.

What are the needed skills to work in the geography field?

Proficiency in essential competencies, such as data analysis and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), is essential for success in geography. Crucial skills include critical thinking, efficient communication, and understanding spatial relationships.

Having a degree in geography opens up a world of prospects. There are many opportunities, from reshaping urban areas and influencing environmental regulations to making contributions to business, industry, and technology. A geography degree offers a broad skill set that empowers people to navigate and positively impact our interconnected world.

Liberal arts colleges can be a great option for students seeking a geography degree. Liberal arts colleges offer a well-rounded education in an intimate campus setting for a highly individualized educational experience.

Become a member and discover where geography can take you.

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Choose a career with geography

Studying geography opens up a wide range of careers. Find out more about the types of jobs and career paths that geographers can enjoy.

As a degree subject, geography is highly respected by employers. Geography graduates have one of the highest rates of graduate employment, pursuing a wide range of career paths. It’s often said that there is no such thing as a geography job; rather there are multiple jobs that geographers do. Whether you have just completed a geography degree, or are thinking ahead to your next steps, we have information about your employability, work experience and career options.

Things to consider when choosing a career:

Which aspects of geography do you enjoy?

Do you prefer to work in a team or by yourself?

Which of your geographical skills are your strengths?

All jobs need broad, transferable skills. Think about how you have a portfolio of skills

Will you need any professional qualifications to follow your career path?

See the resources below to find out about the knowledge, skills and behaviours that make you employable as a geographer, the range of roles and sectors that geographers work in, and opportunities to learn more about careers through work experience. 

Why geographers are employable

Geography graduates are very employable, with the skills, knowledge and understanding gained during a geography degree are held in high regard by employers.

Use geography: webinars and resources

A webinar and resource series helping geographers and geography students find out more about the many career opportunities opened up by studying geography.

Developing your career

Resources, advice and support for career development.

Finding work experience or remote/online work experience

Work experience is an excellent way to find out what careers you are interested in and improve your employment prospects by gaining experience and demonstrating commitment to a career.

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Home › University › What Can I Do With My Degree? › What Can You Do With A Geography Degree?

What Can You Do With A Geography Degree?

• Published November 23, 2022

Geography is often deemed a ‘general’ degree, but what does that mean for your geography career prospects? 

Figuring out what you want to do with your life is hard, especially if you’re still in school. You might feel a little lost right now because you’re unsure of what career opportunities are available for Geography graduates.

Is Geography even an interest worth pursuing in higher education?

So we created this guide to help aspiring Geography students such as yourself discover the many potential careers awaiting those with a Geography degree.

From being an environmental consultant to a climate change specialist, there’s something for everyone in this field. So don’t give up on your dreams yet- take a look at our guide and see for yourself how you can make a difference with a Geography degree.

Why Study Geography?

According to the Higher Education and Student Affairs (HESA) Graduate Outcomes 2019/2020 data, Geography has a higher full-time employment rate (57%) compared to Law (55%) and Psychology (50%.) 

What’s more, the Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Services (AGCAS) “What Do Graduates Do” 2021/2022 survey reports that Geography graduates (along with Law) who proceeded to further study have among the highest average salaries of £24,429 among social science graduates.

In addition, Geography is an immense, interrelated course. Related subjects you’ll study while taking Geography include:

• Maths/Statistics

Since undergraduate Geography students learn about diverse subjects, they have many options for further study. And the subject variety also helps them develop transferable skills that will open numerous career opportunities.

Further Study

The AGCAS “What Do Graduates Do” 2021/2022 survey states that for Geography graduates who proceeded to further study:

• 62.1% moved on to Masters/Doctorate
• 17.2% aimed for a Postgraduate Diploma (e.g. PGDE for teaching and GDL for Law)
• 8.9% studied further for a Professional Qualification 

Geography graduates can choose a specific area in Geography to specialise in for further study. Here are a few of the common specialisations you can take for your Masters/Doctorate degree:

• Human Geography Research
• Geographic Data Science and Spatial Analytics
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Environmental Conservation
• Environmental Modelling and Data Analysis
• Environmental Policy and Management
• Urban Studies
• Sustainable Food Systems
• Sustainable Cities
• Remote Sensing and GIS
• Oceanography 

Professional qualifications Geography graduates often take include:

• Urban/Rural Planning
• Landscape Architecture
• Business Management

What Skills Will You Gain From Geography For Your CV?

When studying Geography, you’ll develop Geography-specific skills and transferable skills that are valuable to various job positions. Check out the Geography-specific skills you’ll gain:

• Using specialist Geography equipment
• Cartography
• Laboratory skills
• Interpreting data from maps, tables, and graphs.
• Conducting social survey
• Integrating social science and natural science principles
• Fieldwork techniques
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) skills

Some of the transferable skills you’ll develop are: 

• Strong communication and presentation skills
• Report writing
• Data analysis
• Research skills
• Project management
• Commercial awareness
• Leadership and teamwork
• Excellent writing skills

What Do We Study in Geography?

Here are some of the topics Geography students discuss at the university:

• Earth systems, processes, and dynamics
• Human Geography
• Economic Geography
• Environmental Geography
• Volcanology
• Biogeography
• Urban Geography
• Political Geography
• Geographical Techniques and Field Methods
• Climate Change
• Contemporary issues and controversies in Cultural Geography
• Cities, Citizenship, and Society
• Legal Geographies
• Development theories and policies
• Geographical Research

Each university has its unique course structure and coverage. Some of them allow you to choose optional modules to personalise your study. But the topics covered here are some of the most common Geography topics you will find across universities. 

Is A Degree in Geography Worth It?

Yes, because according to the AGCAS “What Do Graduates Do” 2021/2022 survey, Geography graduates have a below-average unemployment rate of 8.1% , compared to Politics (10.6%) and Law (10.5%). A geography student’s comprehensive skill set makes them highly sought after by an extensive list of potential employers.

Who Are the Typical Employers of Geography Graduates?

The typical employers of Geography graduates can be found in several fields, such as:

• Non-Government Organisations 
• Government Agencies
• United Nations
• Construction 
• Transportation
• Engineering and Architecture Firms
• Banks and the Financial sector
• Environmental Organisations
• Other Private Businesses

Is Geography a Good Career? 

Geography in itself is not considered a career. Instead, it is a field of study examining Earth’s physical components and its relationship with human beings. You’ll learn essential skills in the process of earning a Geography degree, opening various career opportunities for you. 

Do you know that those who pursued further education in Geography have among the highest average salaries of £24,429 among social science graduates? So if you’re looking for a degree that can give you many lucrative options, Geography is an excellent choice.

Are Geography Graduates Employable?

Yes, Geography graduates are highly employable. In fact, it has a greater employability rate of 57% compared to graduates in Psychology (50%) and Law (55%.) So what makes Geography graduates employable? It’s because of the transferable skills they gain by studying a broad interdisciplinary subject such as Geography. 

Geography graduates are well-versed with the techniques and technologies used in studying, measuring, and recording the physical processes and components of the Earth. And they’re also proficient in human culture, economics, politics, and environmental interaction. Making them valuable assets in any given workplace. 

What Career Can I Do with Geography? 

• Environmental Consultant

Average annual median salary: £34,375

An environmental consultant gives helpful guidance on environmental issues to businesses and individuals. They may work for environmental protection agencies, or they may be self-employed. 

Environmental consultants have the following responsibilities:

• Assessing and regulating the impact of proposed developments on the environment
• Reviewing environmental management systems
• Advising on ways to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions
• Preparing environmental impact statements
• Auditing and evaluating sites for contamination
• Carrying out environmental assessments
• Cartographer

Average annual median salary: £30,310

A cartographer uses geographical data to produce up-to-date, accurate maps. These maps can range anywhere from road maps and weather maps to city maps and transportation maps. 

Here are the usual responsibilities of Cartographers:

• Collecting data from surveys, aerial photographs, and satellite images
• Interpreting data to identify features such as mountains, rivers, and roads
• Drawing features on maps using computer-aided design (CAD) software
• Adding labels and symbols to maps
• Printing or publishing maps
• Updating existing maps
• Town Planner

Average annual median salary: £37,500

Town planners develop plans and strategies for the future development of towns and cities. They aim to improve the quality of life for residents by creating sustainable, efficient, and attractive places to live and work. 

To achieve these objectives, town planners do the following duties:

• Researching demographic trends
• Analysing data to identify best practices
• Consulting with stakeholders such as local residents, businesses, and government officials
• Preparing reports and presentations
• Developing planning policies
• Managing development projects

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Officer

Average annual median salary: £32,000

A GIS officer designs and develops geographical information systems. These systems provide essential information for proper decision-making in long-term planning and development. 

Here are some of the responsibilities of GIS officers: 

• Designing GIS databases
• Entering data into databases
• Analysing data to produce maps and reports
• Presenting findings to clients or senior managers
• Updating databases as new data becomes available
• Maintaining hardware and software
• Conservation Officer

Average annual median salary: £32,269

A conservation officer works to protect and conserve the environment and its natural resources. They often work for a government agency or a non-profit organisation. 

Conservation officers have the following responsibilities:

• Educating the public about environmental issues
• Conducting field surveys
• Monitoring environmental conditions
• Preparing reports
• Enforcing environmental regulations
• Managing conservation
• Landscape Architect

Average annual median salary: £35,000 

A landscape architect designs blueprints for outdoor spaces such as gardens, parks, playgrounds, and campuses. They create detailed plans showing how these spaces will look once they are built, including the flowers, trees, and walkways. 

Here are the daily responsibilities landscape architects attend to:

• Conducting site visits and surveys
• Analysing data to identify patterns
• Drawing detailed designs
• Working with other professionals such as architects, engineers, surveyors, and community planners.
• Teacher/Lecturer

Average annual median salary: £34,148

Teachers provide instruction to help students learn. They cultivate a safe environment for educational growth to promote well-rounded student development. 

Teachers are responsible for accomplishing the following tasks:

• Preparing lesson plans
• Delivering lessons
• Assessing student progress
• Providing feedback to students
• Preparing students for exams
• Researching new teaching methods

Climate Change Specialist 

Average annual median salary: £41,717

A climate change specialist works to mitigate the effects of climate change. They study weather changes over time to detect trends. 

Here are some of the responsibilities of climate change specialists:

• Developing strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• Improving energy efficiency
• Promoting the use of renewable energy
• Conducting research on the impacts of climate change
• Providing advice to decision-makers
• Architectural Technologist

Average annual median salary: £35,000

An architectural technologist is responsible for the technical design of buildings. They work with architects and engineers to ensure that plans are realistic and can be built within budget. 

Some of the responsibilities of architectural technologists include:

• Conducting site visits
• Preparing feasibility studies
• Preparing drawings and specifications
• Liaising with clients, architects, and contractors
• Data Analyst

A data analyst collects, organises, and analyses data. They use this data to help organisations make better decisions. 

Data analysts have the following responsibilities:

• Collecting data from sources such as surveys and databases
• Organising and cleaning data
• Marketing Executive

Average annual median salary: £27,500

A marketing executive is responsible for planning and executing marketing campaigns. They work with other members of the marketing team to develop strategies that meet the company’s objectives. 

So what does a marketing executive do? They accomplish the following:

• Conduct market research
• Develop marketing plans
• Execute marketing campaigns
• Monitor campaign performance
• Measure results
• Revise marketing campaigns
• Social Researcher

Average annual median salary: £35,875

A social researcher collects and analyses data to understand social issues. They then present their findings to be peer-reviewed by their colleagues. 

Social researchers have the following responsibilities:

• Conducting research using methods such as surveys and interviews
• Writing academic papers and journal articles
• Carrying out literature reviews
• Providing advice to policy-makers
• Political Risk Analyst

A political risk analyst assesses the risks associated with political decisions. They work for companies, governments, and international organisations. 

Here are some of the responsibilities of political risk analysts:

• Monitoring political developments
• Assessing the impact of political decisions
• Developing strategies to mitigate risks
• Transport Planner

Average annual median salary: £28,000

A transport planner is responsible for the planning and design of transportation systems. They work with other professionals to ensure that transport projects are feasible and meet the needs of the community. 

The daily responsibilities of transport planners include:

• Conducting feasibility studies
• Preparing plans and designs
• Investigating the legality of proposed designs
• Submits bids to secure funding for a project

There are many different career paths that you can take with a geography degree. These are just a few of the options that are available to you. With a geography degree, you will have the skills and knowledge to make a difference in your community and the world.

What Are The Highest Paying Jobs In Geography? 

The top 3 highest paying Geography-related jobs in our list (along with their respective average annual median salary) are:

• Climate Change Specialist – £41,717  
• Town Planner –  £37,500
• Environmental Consultant – £34,375

The environmental consultant and climate change specialist are especially relevant in today’s ecological crisis. Geography is excellent preparation for environment-related occupations because it gives you the knowledge and practical skills you need to create a positive environmental impact.

Which is the Best Job in Geography 

Finding the best job in Geography depends on your personal needs and goals. Even the highest-paying job will not be what you consider “best” if it doesn’t meet your preference. So how do you decide which is the best job for you ?

Let’s take a look at the Geography-related jobs we’ve discussed so far:

• GIS Officer
• Climate Change Specialist

Here are some practical tips to help you decide which to include in your “Top Choices”:

• Identify your greatest strength.

Which particular field do you excel most at? If you have a knack for solving environmental problems, perhaps being an environmental consultant will suit you best. Are you good at organising spaces and buildings to maximise beauty and utility? Maybe you’d want to consider studying further in Town Planning.

• What opportunities are available to you at the moment?

Due to the interdisciplinary nature of Geography, you won’t find it difficult to try out new career paths down the road. Think of your first job as a stepping stone that’ll help broaden your horizon. Hence, it’s highly recommended that you grab what opportunity you have now.

Say you’ve received an invitation for an interview for a faculty position. Or you have connections that can help you land a job as a conservation officer. Weigh your options and choose which will give you the most leverage. 

• Consider your working conditions.

Some people love being in the field, while others prefer to work behind a desk. Some don’t mind travelling from one place to another while others prefer staying in one location. Consider your working condition preferences before deciding on a job.  

For instance, if you love the idea of going outdoors and designing blueprints, maybe becoming a landscape architect is the best job for you. But if you get queasy at the thought of being away from family and friends for long periods, then perhaps you’d prefer to be a lecturer.

• Do a trial run

If you’re still undecided on which job to choose, why not do a trial run? Do an internship or work placement to get a taste of what it’s like to work in the field. This will help you gain first-hand experience so you can decide if the job is a good fit.

Here’s the bottom line: there’s no single best job in Geography. It all depends on your preferences, strengths, and weaknesses. So weigh the pros and cons and choose which career suits you best.

What Do Geography Graduates Do? 

The (AGCAS) “What Do Graduates Do” 2021/2022 survey reports that 61% of UK Geography graduates are employed. Of those employed, a considerable chunk (19.1%) work as Business, Finance, and HR professionals. Other top occupations include:

• Marketing associates
• Secondary education teachers
• Chartered architectural technologists
• Planning officers
• Business professionals
• Business analysts
• Management consultants
• Construction project managers

Let’s zoom in and look at the Top 2 Geography universities in the UK: the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge.

In recent years, Cambridge Geography graduates have been employed in a variety of professions, including: 

• Urban Planners
• Environmental Consultants
• Environmental Activists
• Political Activists
• Media Producers
• Television Presenters
• Water and Energy Industry
• Armed Forces Personnel
• Health Policy Officials
• Sports Professionals

How about at the University of Oxford? You’ll find Oxford Geography graduates working in numerous industries, such as:

• Climate Science
• Environmental Policy
• Heritage Management
• Charities and Non-Government Organisations
• Government and Politics
• Communications and Media

So, what can you do with a geography degree? A lot! You could become a climate change specialist, cartographer, environmental consultant, and more.

With the skills you learn in your geography program, you can make an impact in whatever field or industry you choose to work in. Do you feel more ready to explore the world and make a difference with a Geography degree? Go for it!

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Geography Careers

What can you do with a b.a. degree in geography.

Plenty! You might become a TV weatherman or a cartographer for a travel guide publisher; get involved in transportation and urban and community planning or teach overseas; serve as a park ranger or an outdoor guide; or become an environmental specialist or a GIS analyst. The Association of American Geographers claims that most geographers work in business, government, or teaching. If you plan to continue with graduate school, Geography is an appropriate background for many professional programs and academic majors, such as Environmental Science, Earth Sciences, Geology, City and Regional Planning, Landscape Architecture, Law, Public Policy, International Studies, and Forestry.

CAREER GUIDES

The Association of American Geographers is the professional organization for geographers in the U.S. They have an excellent career guide  website .

If you want to know what you might do with a degree in Geography, spend some time exploring these pages. Also, take a look at what some of our recent graduates are doing. You really can get a job in your field with a B.A. in Geography!

CAREER EXAMPLES FROM REAL STUDENTS

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What can you do with a geography degree?

At its core, geography is the study of the diverse spaces and environments of Earth and their relationship to those who inhabit it. The field of geography offers a bridge between natural sciences and social sciences to better understand the differences in environmental, social and cultural contexts across the globe.

Careers in geography

There are a variety of careers in geography, including cartographers, climate change analysts, environmental protection specialists, environmental restoration planners, geographic information systems (GIS) analysts and soil scientists. Some traditional geography-centric positions include:

• Cartographer

Cartographers collect, review and use geographic data to create maps. Depending on the types of maps being created, cartographers may compile data from sources such as aerial photographs, satellite images, surveys and population data. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the group that includes cartographers and photogrammetrists earned a median salary of $68,900 in 2021, and employment is projected to grow 3% between 2021 and 2031.

• Photogrammetrist

Photogrammetrists create models based on the analysis of photos and imaging. Today's photogrammetrists must be well-versed in technology, as they heavily rely on Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping to fulfill their role.

Geographers study the features and inhabitants of differing terrain. Some geographers also look at geographic impacts on culture and politics and engage in fieldwork in the locations they are studying. Many geographers work for government organizations, but some are employed by colleges or universities. The average median salary for geographers was $85,220 in 2021, according to the BLS.

The influence geographers can have on politics and society

Geographers bring a perspective that blends the analysis of economics, environment and culture. Their efforts provide insights into the connections between physical environments and key aspects of society. This context aids other professionals in making more informed decisions to support their goals.

Common geographical insights include the discouraging or encouraging of economic activities. Examples of geography influencing economic activities include implementing shipping activities near a natural harbor and the decision to mine in areas where specific minerals occur.

Geography can also influence the development and maintenance of cultures. For example, if the availability of natural resources is hindered due to environmental or political causes, traditional occupations and food supplies can be affected. Understanding and analyzing why geographical phenomena occur can aid other professionals in making the decisions needed to restore or benefit an affected region.

Geography also has a major impact on politics. For example, the presence or absence of environmental resources can improve or impair a local economy. And government regulations tied to natural resources can influence political priorities. Thus, politics is another field where geographers may find opportunities to leverage their expertise.

5 benefits of transferring to an online program

Geography’s effects on individual and population health.

Geography has an impactful connection to the health of the population. The National Cancer Institute reports that geography plays a key role in risk factors for cancer and other health outcomes. For example, geography can influence:

• Access to health services: Certain areas may provide many or few choices for receiving care.
• Availability of resources: An area may provide access to businesses and resources that affect the health of inhabitants, such as fresh, healthy foods, or a lack thereof.
• Environmental exposure: Environmental factors, such as pollution from overpopulation and industrial use, can cause health issues.

Geographers can help identify issues that make access to health care more difficult. This information assists medical and public health workers, who can then devise specific strategies for better connecting with affected groups. Geography roles can also involve reviewing geographical risk factors, including considerations such as polluted lakes and rivers. These analyses related to physical environments lean on the core elements of geography.

Earn your online geography degree with Arizona State University

ASU Online provides two options for students interested in careers in geography. The School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning helps you pursue your passion for geography and develop the abilities you need to compete for relevant positions.

In the online Bachelor of Arts in geography , you’ll learn about people, places and cultures and be equipped to connect and analyze these varying geographical aspects. You’ll also build foreign language competencies that are crucial for international work.

Careers in geography for bachelor of arts graduates often focus on human geography, which describes the influence of humans on the physical landscape and vice versa. Degree holders may find roles in domestic or international organizations, such as in the U.S. State Department or with companies operating in foreign nations.

Understanding natural features and how humans can alter them offers valuable insight into:

• Development of cultural practices.
• Localized health issues.
• Political priorities and leanings.
• Transportation concerns and the flow of goods and services.

The online Bachelor of Science in geography develops your knowledge of Earth's physical features, and you’ll learn how social and environmental science play into geographic work. Upon graduation, you’ll be prepared to document and analyze core characteristics, such as climate, landforms, plants, water and weather, and understand these physical features’ impact on components, including transportation, economics, politics and more.

Graduates of this bachelor’s program can expect to find a variety of applicable careers in geography, such as:

• Environmental impact analyst
• GIS specialist and analyst
• Hydrology and water resource specialist

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Jobs in the Geography Field

There are many opportunities in related areas

• Physical Geography
• Political Geography
• Country Information
• Key Figures & Milestones
• Urban Geography
• M.A., Geography, California State University - Northridge
• B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis

A common question asked of those studying geography is, "What are you going to do with that degree?" Actually, there are many potential careers for geography majors. While job titles don't often include the word "geographer," studying geography teaches young people a wide range of useful skills for the marketplace, including computer, research, and analytical talents that translate well to the workforce.

An internship in an area of interest will get your foot in the door and provide valuable on-the-job, real-world experience that will make your resume much more impressive. Here are some options as you begin your job search:

Urban Planner/Community Developer

Geography is a natural tie-in with urban or city planning. City planners work on zoning, land use, and new developments, from gas station renovations to the development of new sections of the urban geography. You'll work with property owners, developers, and other officials.

If you're interested in this area, plan to take urban geography and urban planning classes. An internship with a city planning agency is essential experience for this type of work.

Cartographer

Those with cartography course backgrounds probably enjoy making maps. News media, book and atlas publishers, government agencies, and others are looking for cartographers to help produce maps.

GIS Specialist

City governments, county agencies, other governmental bodies, and private groups often need experienced GIS (geographic information system) professionals. Coursework and internships in GIS are especially important. Computer programming and engineering skills are also helpful in this arena—the more you know about computers, the better off you are.

Climatologist

Organizations such as the National Weather Service, news media, the Weather Channel, and other government entities occasionally need climatologists. These jobs usually go to those with meteorology degrees, but a geographer with experience and coursework in meteorology and climatology would definitely be an asset.

Transportation Manager

Regional transit authorities and shipping, logistics, and transportation companies look kindly on applicants with transportation geography and good computer and analytical skills in their backgrounds.

Environmental Manager

Environmental assessment, cleanup, and management companies do business throughout the world. A geographer brings excellent skills to project management and the development of papers such as environmental impact reports. It's a wide-open field with tremendous growth opportunities.

Writer/Researcher

During your college years, you've undoubtedly spent time developing your writing skills, and as a geography major, you know how to research. Consider a career as a science writer or travel writer for a magazine or newspaper.

Becoming a high school or university geography instructor requires additional education beyond your undergraduate degree, but it would be rewarding to instill your love of geography in future geographers. Becoming a geography professor would allow you to research geographic topics and add to the body of geographic knowledge.

Emergency Manager

Emergency management is an under-explored field for geographers but fertile ground for . geography majors. They understand interactions between humans and the environment, know about hazards and earth processes, and can read maps. Add a bit of political acumen and leadership skills and you have a great emergency manager. Get started in this field by taking hazard courses in geography, geology , and sociology and interning with an emergency management agency or the Red Cross.

Demographer

For a population geographer who loves demographic data, what could be more rewarding than becoming a demographer working for state or federal agencies to help develop population estimates and other information? The U.S. Census Bureau actually has a position titled "Geographer." Interning in a local planning agency would help you get started.

Another way to become involved in demography , the study of human populations, is marketing, where you gather demographic information and get the word out to those interested in the demographics you're researching. This is one of the more glamorous arenas for a geographer.

Foreign Service Officer

Every country on Earth has a diplomatic corps to represent their homeland abroad. Geographers are excellent candidates for this type of career. In the United States, you begin the process of becoming a foreign service officer by taking the Foreign Service Officer Test. The work can be difficult but rewarding. You might spend years, if not your entire career, away from home, but depending on the assignment, that might be just fine.

Librarian/Information Scientist

Your research skills as a geographer apply particularly well to working as a librarian. If you want to help people navigate the world of information, this could be the career for you.

National Park Service Ranger

Are you a physical geographer who needs to be outside and wouldn't consider working in an office? A career in the National Park Service could be right up your alley.

Real Estate Appraiser

Real estate appraisers develop an estimate of value for a piece of property, researching market areas, assembling data, and using various analytical techniques to provide a number that reflects all market evidence. This multidisciplinary field incorporates aspects of geography, economics, finance, environmental planning, and law. Typical appraisal tools include aerial photos, topographic maps , GIS, and GPS, which also are the tools of a geographer.

• Major Sub-Disciplines of Geography
• Geography Internships
• Geography 101
• Economic Geography Overview
• Geography Definition
• Human Geography
• Medical Geography
• An Overview of Cultural Geography
• Definition of Geography
• Why Study Geography?
• Regional Geography Overview
• Preparing for the Geography Bee
• The 5 Themes of Geography
• Defining Accessibility and Mobility in Transportation and Geography
• Geography Degree
• Geography for Kids

CAREER PROFILES

Explore exciting, meaningful careers in geography.

Learn more about geography careers from the profiles of geographers working in education, business, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies. Read about why they chose to pursue their career path and how exciting, meaningful, and successful a career in geography can be! Don’t see a particular geographer you think should be spotlighted?

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Field work is the process of observing and collecting data about people, cultures, and natural environments

Biology, Ecology, Geography

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Field work is the process of observing and collecting data about people, cultures , and natural environments . Field work is conducted in the wild of our everyday surroundings rather than in the semi-controlled environments of a lab or classroom. This allows researchers to collect data about the dynamic places, people, and species around them. Field work enables students and researchers to examine the way scientific theories interact with real life. Field work is important in both the social and natural sciences . Social sciences , such as economics or history , focus on people, culture, and society . Natural sciences, such as biology or chemistry , focus on physical characteristics of nature and natural environments. Social Science In anthropology , a researcher may do ethnographic field work, studying and describing the customs of different communities and cultures. Ethnographic field work dramatically changed the purpose and methods of anthropology. Early anthropologists collected ethnographic data from outside sources, usually leaders of the group they were studying, and then compared it to their theories. With this information, anthropologists tried to explain the origins of the cultures customs. By the early 20th century, however, anthropologists began to spend long periods of time in a particular community or geographic area. Rather than relying on outside sources, the anthropologists themselves recorded the activities and customs of local people. They listened to the peoples stories and participated in daily events. Anthropologists became active field workers, experiencing the everyday life of their subjects in order to explain the purpose of local institutions and cultural beliefs and practices. The National Geographic Society supports a variety of social science researchers and projects that use field work as a method of collecting data. One of National Geographics Explorers-in-Residence, Dr. Wade Davis , is an ethnobotanist . An ethnobotanist is someone who studies how different cultures understand and use plants as food , medicine , and in religious ceremonies. Davis spent more than three years in Latin America collecting and studying the plants that different indigenous groups use in their daily lives.

Field work can be conducted by groups of people as well as one individual. Participants in National Geographics Enduring Voices Project conduct field work by visiting and documenting areas of the world where indigenous languages are in danger of becoming extinct . Field workers in the Enduring Voices Project have recorded indigenous languages in places as diverse as Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, and Siberia. Davis and the Enduring Voices Project use field work to document and preserve local knowledge so we may all better understand the diversity of human experiences around the globe. Natural Science Field work is also used to understand how natural environments function. A researcher in the field of ecology , for example, may conduct field work to understand how specific organisms , such as plants and animals, relate to one another and to their physical surroundings. The work of Charles Darwin on the Galapagos Islands is an important example of field work in the natural sciences . After observing that finch populations on different islands had different types of beaks , Darwin theorized that each type of beak was adapted to the birds environment and diet . These observations, along with many others made on his voyage around South America, would lead Darwin to propose his theory of evolution by natural selection , a pillar of modern biology . A number of National Geographic-supported researchers and projects conduct field work to better understand Earths natural environments . Dr. Jenny Daltry, a National Geographic Emerging Explorer in 2005, is a herpetologist , someone who studies reptiles and amphibians . Daltry has traveled to remote regions of Cambodia and the Caribbean, observing and documenting rare species such as the Siamese crocodile and the Antiguan racer snake, known as the rarest snake in the world. She spent more than 400 nights camping on the Caribbean island of Antigua in order to understand the snakes' habitat , behavior , and predators . Daltrys field work helped establish the Antiguan Racer Conservation Project, which has successfully reintroduced the snake into the wild. A field work team from the Ocean Now project, supported by National Geographic, is studying and cataloguing information about healthy coral reef ecosystems . They are doing research in the Southern Line Islands , a remote island chain in the central Pacific Ocean. The project aims to better understand how healthy reefs function in order to help conserve reefs that have been endangered by human activity and climate change . Field work in the natural sciences , like that conducted by Daltry and the Ocean Now project, document the importance, complexity , and fragility of Earths natural environments .

Field Work, One Cubic Foot at a Time Photographer David Liittschwager crafted a 1-square-foot metal cube and placed it in a range of ecosystemsland and water, tropical and temperate, freshwater and marine. Over several weeks at each location, Liittschwager and a team of biologists found, identified, and photographed small creatures that passed through the cube. The result of their field work is an inventory of ecosystem diversity at our planet's surface and just below. The photos of these smaller, often unseen, species are showcased in the February 2010 issue of National Geographic magazine.

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