Advanced Colloids Experiment-Heated-1 (ACE-H-1)
Science objectives.
The Advanced Colloids Experiment-Heated-1 (ACE-H-1) experiment examines densely packed microscopic spheres, or colloidal mixtures, to study their transition from ordered crystals into disordered glass. The particles are fluorescent and change size in different temperatures, so scientists are able to see how they move and change forms as they are heated and cooled. Studying particle interactions without the influence of gravity improves the ability of scientists to understand how increasing disorder in a crystal material affects its freezing, melting, aging and structural integrity.
The experiment has concluded, and science is being evaluated.
Experiment Description
The crystal-to-glass transition is induced over a series of samples by including and increasing the fraction of small, randomly distributed dopant particle inclusions in a dense packing on uniformly sized colloidal microspheres. These specific colloidal systems are well suited for the investigation of the microscopic structural and dynamic mechanisms that underlie this crossover. These particles have diameters which are sensitive to temperature. This property allows the use of heating and cooling to change the sample phase from crystal/glass, to fluid, and back. The particles are also fluorescent so that their position and motion can be tracked from microscope videos taken throughout the experiment.
These experiments provide insight into how increasing disorder in an initially crystalline material can affect melting, freezing, aging and other structural and dynamic properties.
Space Applications
Previous studies of colloidal mixtures show that even a small gravitational influence dramatically affects the way crystals form. By performing experiments on dense particle mixtures in microgravity, scientists can better understand the physical processes of nucleation (particles clumping together), aging and melting. These findings could be used to design new colloidal mixtures in microgravity, including metamaterials and advanced photonics. Additionally, the experiments will pave the way for future colloid research in space.
Earth Applications
Understanding how ordered crystals become disordered, glassy materials will help materials scientists alter the way microscopic particles interact. This could enable new ways to change the large-scale behavior of glasses. The experiments provide insight into the fundamental processes of particle clumping, melting and other physical behaviors.
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Chem 2221 Colloids Pre-Lab Activity
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Experiment 2: COLLOIDS
LOVELY BAHALA BS- PSYCHOLOGY 3 OCTOBER 2021 OCTOBER 2021 Course/Year Date performed Date submitted M/W 3:00 – 6:00 p. Laboratory class schedule Laboratory Instructor/Professor PRE-LAB ACTIVITY UNDERSTANDING CONCEPTS
What is a colloid? How does it differ from other substances? [2 pts] A colloid is a mixture that has particles varying in diameter from 1 to 1000 nanometers, but can still remain uniformly distributed in the solution. The substances remain scattered and donot settle at the bottom of the container. Colloids are not like other substances because its dispersed particle are larger than those of a solution. A colloid’s dispersed particles cannot be separated by ordinary filtration.
How are the colloids classified? Describe each type of colloids and give examples. [8 pts] Classes of Colloids Description Examples 1 Sol Sol is a type of colloid in which theparticles are solid while the dispersion
Blood, paint, pigmented ink
medium is liquid. Sols may be preparedvia condensation or dispersion. 2 Foam Foam is a type of colloid in which particles are
gas bubbles and thedispersion medium is liquid.
Whipped cream, bubble bath
3 Solid Foam Solid Foam is a type of colloid in which the
particles are gas and the dispersion medium is solid.
styrofoam, pumice
4 Solid Aerosol Solid aerosol is a type of colloid in whichthe dispersed phase is solid and the dispersion medium is gas.
Smoke, ice cloud
5 Liquid Aerosol Liquid aerosol is a type of colloid in which the dispersed phase is liquid and thedispersion medium is gas.
6 Emulsions Emulsions is a type of colloid in which the
dispersed phase is liquid and the dispersion medium is still liquid.
Milk, mayonnaise
7 Solid Emulsion Solid emulsion is a type of colloid inwhich the
dispersed phase is liquid and the dispersion medium is solid.
Butter, cheese
8 Solid sol Solid sol is a type of colloid in which the dispersed phase is solid and the dispersion medium is still solid.
Ruby glass, cranberry glass
- What are the properties/characteristics of a colloidal system? How is it differentiated from true solution and coarse suspension? Fill up the table below. [ 6 pts]
Properties Colloids Solutions Suspension 1 Particle size 1m μ - 0 μ Less than 1m μ greater than 0 μ 2 Homogeneity Heterogenous Homogenous Heterogenous 3 Visibility Ultramicroscopic Invisible Microscopic
4 Optical Property Tyndall effect Transparent Opaque 5 Permeability and Filterability Will not pass through membranes but will pass through filters
Will pass through membranes and filters
Will not pass through membranes and filters
6 Motion Brownian Molecular Slow Brownian and gravitational
- Describe the different ways to precipitate a colloid? Discuss the mechanism of precipitating colloidal system. [6 pts]
By attaching another colloid with oppositely charged particles, a colloid can be precipitated; the particles
are drawn to each other, coagulate, and precipitate out.
When a sol is boiled, the adsorbed layer is disrupted by boiling due to increased collisions with the
dispersion medium 's molecules. It decreases the charge on the particles and graduallythey settle down to create
a precipitate.
Addition of ions positive to its charge (electrolyte addition). The surface charge is neutralized by the addition
of ions opposite to its charge, thereby eliminating / removing repulsionbetween particles. The higher the charge of
the added ions, the more effective it is as an electrolyte that coagulates. (Salting out is the mechanism by which
concentrated salt solution isused to precipitate colloids.)
- What is the significance of dialysis in the absorption of food particles through theintestinal wall? [2 pts]
The method in which the ions are separated by the phenomenon of diffusion through a permeable
membrane from the solution is known as dialysis. The separated nutrients are being absorbed by the small intestine.
- Define the following terms:
a. hypotonic solution
Hypotonic is a state in which the solution's osmotic pressure is less than the cell's. Thewater would
then transfer to the cell from the solution , causing its swelling, called plasmotypsis.
b. isotonic solution
Isotonic is when the cell and the solution have equal osmotic pressure.
c. hypertonic solution
Hypertonic is a state under which the solution's osmotic pressure is greater than that ofthe cell. The water
will transfer to the solution from the membrane, causing a cell shrinkage calledplasmolysis.
d. plasmolysis
Plasmolysis is the shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacteriumand the
contraction of the cell due to protoplast shrinking upon exposure to a hypertonic solution.
e. plasmoptysis
Plasmoptysis is when a cell bursts because it has taken in too much water as a result ofbeing place in a
hypotonic environment.
- What is Donnan’s Theory? What is its important in biophysical chemistry?
Donnan’s theory is a term for charged particle activity near a semi-permeable membranethat often fails to
spread uniformly between the membrane's two sides. It is important in biophysical chemistry due to the fact that
the flow of molecules and ions between a cell and its environment is regulated by the Donnan effect. Living cells
contain impermeable anionic colloids,which are mostly made up of proteins and organic phosphates; and these
colloidal anions cannot cross the cell membrane. As a result of this, there is a high concentration of non-diffusible
anionsacross the cell membrane, thus creating the Donnan Equilibrium.
lumencandela. (2020). Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning: courses.lumenlearning/boundless-chemistry/chapter/colloids/ lumencandela. (2020). Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning: courses.lumenlearning/wsu-sandbox2/chapter/colloids-2/
Medbiochem. (2020). Retrieved from osp.mans.edu: osp.mans.edu/medbiochem_mi/cources/biochemistry/1st_year_medicine/physi cal_chemistry/files/Lecture_04 More, H. (2020, April 20). The Fact Factor. Retrieved from thefactfactor: thefactfactor/facts/pure_science/chemistry/physical-chemistry/charge-on- colloidal- particles/11893/ Peng Chang‐Sheng, S. S.‐X.‐B. (2005, June 14). Chinese Journal of Chemistry. Retrieved from onlinelibrary.wiley/: onlinelibrary.wiley/doi/abs/10.1002/cjoc. Physical Chemistry. (2020). Retrieved from mchmultimedia: mchmultimedia/PhysicalChemistry-help/clientstories/study-tips/the- donnan- phenomenon-in-living-cell- functions#: :text=The%20flow%20of%20molecules%20and,regulated%20by% the%20Donnan%20effect.&text=As%20a%20result%20of%20this,inside%20t Proz. (2020). Retrieved from Proz: proz/kudoz/english/science/358554-plasmoptisis.html Taneja, A. (2020). Biology Discussion. Retrieved from biologydiscussion: biologydiscussion/biophysics/colloids-definition-terminology-and- application/36529#: :text=A%20lyophobic%20colloid%20system%20%E2%80%9Csus pensoid,particles%20and%20the%20dispersion%20medium.&text=A%20lyophilic%20c olloid%20system%20%E2%80% toppr. (2020). Retrieved from toppr: toppr/guides/chemistry/surface- chemistry/classification-of-colloids/
- Multiple Choice
Course : Biological Chemistry (CHEM 2221)
University : systems plus college foundation.
- Discover more from: Biological Chemistry CHEM 2221 Systems Plus College Foundation 9 Documents Go to course
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This document summarizes an experiment on colloids. It describes various colloidal systems tested including ferric hydroxide sol, calcium acetate gel, and a benzene/detergent emulsion. Properties of the colloids like particle size, adsorption, and the Tyndall effect are recorded. The cigarette smoke sample is identified as a solid aerosol colloid. Key findings are that ferric hydroxide forms a ...
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Science Objectives The Advanced Colloids Experiment-Heated-1 (ACE-H-1) experiment examines densely packed microscopic spheres, or colloidal mixtures, to study their transition from ordered crystals into disordered glass. The particles are fluorescent and change size in different temperatures, so scientists are able to see how they move and change forms as they are heated and cooled. Studying […]
The experiment requires a high degree of precision for complete success. It should be carried out in a fume cupboard because some hydrogen chloride gas is formed during the procedure. ... Another feature of colloidal systems is that they often exhibit what is known as the Tyndall Effect, which involves the scattering of light by particles in ...
Relate this to colloidal system. [4 pts] The theory of adsorption chromatography is that some solid substances, known as adsorbents, have the ability to keep molecules on their surface. This holding force is due to the van der Waals' and hydrogen bonding weak, non-ionic attractive forces, which only occur at particular adsorption beds.
Experiment 2: COLLOIDS. LOVELY BAHALA BS- PSYCHOLOGY 3 OCTOBER 2021 OCTOBER 2021 Course/Year Date performed Date submitted M/W 3:00 - 6:00 p. ... Discuss the mechanism of precipitating colloidal system. [6 pts] By attaching another colloid with oppositely charged particles, a colloid can be precipitated; the particles.
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