presentation about nervous system

6) Nervous System

Paralysis Testimony (Car Wreck)

Testimony (Diving Incident)

Why do we need the Nervous System?

6.1 Overview of the Nervous System

6.2 Transmission of Nerve Impulses

6.3 Central Nervous System

6.4 Peripheral Nervous System

6.5 Injuries and Disorders

The Nervous System

The Nervous system is a biological machine that runs on electricity.
Your brain is the control center and sends and receives electrical impulses, or signals, throughout the body.
Overview of the Nervous System (6.1)

Two Major Divisions

Central Nervous System (CNS)- The brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- All parts of the nervous system external to the brain and spinal cord
Afferent (sensory) nerves- Sensory transmitters that send impulses from receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints to the CNS
Efferent (motor) nerves- Motor transmitters that carry impulses from the central nervous system out to the muscles and glands

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Autonomic Nervous System- Branch of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions
Controls involuntary muscles like cardiac muscles, smooth muscles
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Somatic Nervous System- Branch of the nervous system that stimulates the skeletal muscles
Controls voluntary muscles like skeletal muscles

Nervous Tissue

Neuroglia- Non-neural tissue that forms the interstitial or supporting elements of the CNS; also known as glial cells
Examples in CNS- Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal, Oligodendrocytes
Examples in PNS- Schwann Cells, Satellite Cells
Neurons- Transmit information in the form of nerve impulses throughout the body.
Cell body (Soma)- Part of an axon that contains a nucleus
Dendrites- Branches of a neuron that collect stimuli and transport them to the cell body
Myelin Sheath- The fatty bands of insulation surrounding axon fibers
Nodes of Ranvier- The uninsulated gaps in the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber where the axon

Crash Course: The Nervous System

II. Transmission of Nerve Impulses (6.2)

Video Explaining the Transmission of a Nerve Impulse

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2ctEsGEpe0

Somatic and Autonomic Reflexes

Autonomic Reflexes- involuntary stimuli transmitted to cardiac and smooth muscle
Involuntary muscles
Sweating, blood pressure, elimination, etc.
Somatic Reflexes- involuntary stimuli transmitted to skeletal muscles from neural arcs in the spinal cord
Skeletal muscles
Moving your hand quickly, slamming on the breaks, etc.

III. Central Nervous System (6.3)

Diencephalon

Known as the inner brain
Size of a thumb, stem from brain to spinal cord
Posterior Inferior section of brain, responsible for movement
Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
Blood-brain barrier
A rich network of blood vessels (roughly 20-25% of your blood circulates in your brain)
Cerebral Cortex
Gyrus- Raised areas
Sulcus- Grooves between raised areas
Fissure- Deep grooves (Separates L and R sides)
Relay station for communicating sensory and motor information between the body and the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Regulating metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, thirst, hunger, energy level, and body temperature
Epithalamus
Regulates sleep-cycle hormones
Vision, hearing, motor activity, sleep and wake cycles, alertness, and temperature regulation
Regulates breathing
Medulla Oblongata
Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting