I should update this.
The Panchatantra, in Sanskrit and English
- Read the English translation, looking at the Sanskrit text whenever something seems interesting or unclear.
- Read both texts together simultaneously.
- Read the Sanskrit text, looking to the English translation whenever something seems interesting or hard to translate.
Why read the Panchatantra?
- It is fun! No further reason is needed besides joy. The stories and verses are a delight, both in the original and in this translation.
- It is one of the “bestsellers” of world literature. Was for many centuries the most-translated book until overtaken by the Christian Bible, and unlike that book, no one was "selling" it: people discovered it and translated it into their languages just for the joy of it.
- Reading Vyasa/Valmiki/Kalidasa will communicate the ideals of the culture of Bhārata, but with some people the result is naivety, or bitterness that the world is far from these ideals, or cynicism as these ideals may appear inapplicable to their lives. The Panchatantra shows us that, imperfect as the world is, it was always this way, and with just a little bit of shrewdness/caution, we can still find a way to live without losing sight of those noble ideals.
- The Sanskrit language... …at its most idiomatic…
The English translation used here is that by Arthur W. Ryder, published in 1925 and still in print in India. It is in my opinion not only the most enjoyable translation of the Panchatantra into English, but (depending on your taste) the best translation of any work from Sanskrit to English. The Panchatantra has humour not just in its stories but in its idiom, its tone, and even its names for characters, and only Ryder has even attempted to capture that in English. It is not a translation for the scholar but for the reader who is really willing to fall in love with the Panchatantra.
There are many recensions of the Panchatantra, and the Sanskrit text on this website is that compiled by Pūrṇabhadra, a Jain monk circa 1199 CE, as published by Johannes Hertel in the Harvard Oriental Series in 1908. This is the text that Ryder used as basis for his translation.
Ryder's translation can these days easily be found online: there's a digitized text on Wikisource , and there are scanned copies on Prof. Frances Pritchett's site , and on the Internet Archive here , here , here , here , here , here , here . When I started this project ~2007 or so, only a poor scan was available (on DLI), with buggy OCR, and I had to manually read and proofread it a few times, fixing errors and manually typing missing pages (pages 77, 127, 128, 140, 141, 280, 281, 456, 457, 468, 469, 470).
Dr. Hertel, the learned and painstaking editor of the text used by the present translator, […] The text here translated is late, dating from the year 1199 A.D.
With this clue, I tracked down the source text. (Again, these days it is common knowledge, but it wasn't at the time: for me it was a fresh discovery.) This too is available online:
- HOS Vol 11 (text): here (best scan) , or here , here , here , here , here
- HOS Vol 12 (critical introduction and list of variants): here , here , here , here , here , here , here , here
- HOS Vol 13 (specimens): here , here , here , blank
- HOS Vol 14 (older recension, Tantrākhyāyikā): here , here , here ,
- Das Panchatantra: here
About this online edition
This is Arthur W. Ryder ’s translation of the Panchatantra . It is in my opinion the most pleasant translation into English, retaining the humour and wit of the original, and translating verse for verse and prose for prose.
Note that there are many version of the Panchatantra, with significant differences in structure and contents. This translation is based on a Sanskrit recension dated 1199 by Purnabhadra of Kashmir, as edited by Johannes Hertel.
I've aligned the translation alongside the original text that was used as basis for the translation. The readability of the English version might lead one to suspect that Ryder, the translator, took considerable liberties with fidelity, but I found to my surprise that it appears to be a very close translation. Ryder did not intend for his translation to be read with the original accompanying it, but if you’re interested, I’ve put them side-by-side for comparison. Both books are public-domain (copyright expired) in India.
Panchatantram
पञ्चतन्त्रम्, १. मित्र-भेदः, कथा १ कीलोत्पाटि-वानर-कथा, कथा २ शृगाल-दुन्दुभि-कथा, कथा ३ दन्तिल-गोरम्भ-कथा, कथा ४ देवशर्म-परिव्राजक-कथा, कथा ५ कौलिक-रथकार-कथा, कथा ६ वायस-दम्पति-कथा, कथा ७ बक-कुलीरक-कथा, कथा ८ भासुरकाख्य-सिंह-कथा, कथा ९ मन्द-विसर्पिणी-नाम-यूका-कथा, कथा १० चण्डरव-नाम-शृगाल-कथा, कथा ११ मदोत्कट-सिंह-कथा, कथा १२ टिट्टिभ-दम्पती-कथा, कथा १३ कम्बुग्रीवाख्य-कूर्म-कथा, कथा १४ अनागत-विधातादि-मत्स्य-त्रय-कथा, कथा १५ कुञ्जर-चटक-दम्पती-कथा, कथा १६ वज्र-दंष्ट्र-नाम-सिंह-कथा, कथा १७ वानर-यूथ-कथा, कथा १८ शमी-वृक्षस्थ-चटक-दम्पती-कथा, कथा १९ धर्म-बुद्धि-पाप-बुद्धि-कथा, कथा २० कृष्ण-सर्प-कथा, कथा २१ जीर्णधन-नाम-वणिक्-पुत्र-कथा, कथा २२ नृप-सेवक-वानर-कथा, २. मित्र-सम्प्राप्तिः, कथा १ हिरण्यक-ताम्रचूड-कथा, कथा २ तिलचूर्ण-विक्रय-कथा, कथा ३ शवर-शूकर-कथा, कथा ४ सागरदत्त-कथा, कथा ५ सोमिलक-कथा, कथा ६ तीक्ष्ण-विषाण-शृगाल-कथा, ३. काकोलूकीयम्, कथा १ चतुर्दन्त-नाम-महा-गज-कथा, कथा २ शश-कपिञ्जल-कथा, कथा ३ मित्र-शर्म-ब्राह्मण-कथा, कथा ४ अतिदर्प-नाम-सर्प-कथा, कथा ५ ब्राह्मण-सर्प-कथा, कथा ६ हैम-हंस-कथा, कथा ७ कपोत-लुब्धक-कथा, कथा ८ कामातुर-वणिक्-कथा, कथा ९ द्रोणाख्य-ब्राह्मण-कथा, कथा १० वल्मीकोदर-गत-सर्प-कथा, कथा ११ वीरवर-रथकार-तत्-पत्नी-कथा, कथा १२ शालङ्कायन-रक्षित-मूषिका-कथा, कथा १४ स्वर्ण-ष्ठीवी-सिन्धुक-पक्षी-कथा, कथा १५ खरनखर-सिंह-कथा, कथा १६ मन्दविष-सर्प-कथा, कथा १७ घृतान्ध-ब्राह्मण-कथा, ४. लब्ध-प्रणाशम्, कथा १ गङ्गदत्त-प्रियदर्शन-कथा, कथा २ कराल-केसर-कथा, कथा ३ युधिष्ठिराख्य-कुम्भकार-कथा, कथा ४ सिंह-दम्पती-कथा, कथा ५ ब्राह्मण-कथा, कथा ६ नन्दवररुचिकथा, कथा ७ शुद्धपट-नाम-रजक-कथा, कथा ८ महाधन-ईश्वर-नाम-भाण्डपति-कथा, कथा १० रथकार-कथा, कथा ११ कामातुर-कथा, कथा १२ हालिक-दम्पती-कथा, कथा १३ उज्ज्वलक-रथकार-कथा, कथा १४ महाचतुरकाख्य-शृगाल-कथा, कथा १५ चित्राङ्ग-नाम-सारमेय-कथा, ५. अपरीक्षित-कारकम्, कथा १ ब्राह्मणी-नकुल-कथा, कथा २ लोभाविष्ट-चक्र-धर-कथा, कथा ३ सिंह-कारक-मूर्ख-ब्राह्मण-कथा, कथा ४ मूर्ख-पण्डित-कथा, कथा ५ मत्स्य-मण्डूक-कथा, कथा ६ रासभ-शृगाल-कथा, कथा ७ मन्थर-कौलिक-कथा, कथा ८ सोम-शर्म-पितृ-कथा, कथा ९ चन्द्र-भूपति-कथा, कथा १० विकाल-वानर-कथा, कथा ११ अन्धक-कुब्जक-त्रिस्तनी-कथा, कथा १२ चण्डकर्म-नाम-राक्षस-कथा, कथा १३ भारुण्ड-पक्षि-कथा, कथा १४ ब्राह्मण-कर्कटक-कथा.
This text is prepared by volunteers and is to be used for personal study and research. The file is not to be copied or reposted for promotion of any website or individuals or for commercial purpose without permission. Please help to maintain respect for volunteer spirit.
Panchatantra [sanskrit]
by Dr. Naveen Kumar Jha | 2016 | 13,828 words | ISBN-13: 9788193077962
Summary : The Sanskrit edition of the Panchatantra referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Vishnu Sharma and possibly dating as early as 1200 BCE, the Panchatantra (or Pancatantra) represents a collection of short stories teaching basic ethical values and moral conduct that was commonly practiced in ancient Indian.
Alternative titles: Śrīviṣṇuśarman Pañcatantra (श्रीविष्णुशर्मन् पञ्चतन्त्र, Śrī-viṣṇuśarman pancatantra, श्री-विष्णुशर्मन्, Sri-visnusarman)
Source: motilalbanarsidass.com
Contents of this online book ( + / - )
The full text of the Panchatantra [sanskrit] is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book’s content by visiting the pages in the below index:
For a compact overview of all verses, see the sitemap .
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Panchatantra Panchatantra [sanskrit]
The Complete Pancatantra: Sanskrit Text with English Translation by Dr. Naveen Kumar Jha (2016)
Pancatantra of Visnusarman by M. R. Kale (2015)
Panchatantra in Simple Sanskrit by Dr. Vishwas (2016)
Panchatantram (Telugu) by Tadanki Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Rao (2020)
Published by J. P. Publications, Vijayawada; Throughout black & white Illustrations; 9788192053851.
Preview of in Telugu sript:
Panchatantram Bhashavyakhyanam (Malayalam) by Dr. K.G. Sreelekha (2010)
Published by the University of Kerala.
Preview of in Malayalam sript:
The Panchatantra Stories (Tamil) by P. S. Aacharya (2017)
Published by Narmadha Pathippagam, Chennai.
Panchatantrer Galpa (Bengali) by Children's Book Trust (2014)
Throughout color Illustration; 9788170112730
Preview of in Bengali sript:
Panchatantra in Gujarati (Comic) by Anant Pai (2013)
[શિયાળા અને રણશિંગ પંચતંત્ર] Published by Amar Chitra Katha; Throughout Color Illustrations; 9789350853115
Preview of in Gujarati sript:
Article published on 28 April, 2019
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Panchatantra in Samskritam
About this Series
How to navigate
About the Creators
About Kannada Panchatantra Book
T he Panchatantra is an ancient collection of animal fables told in 300 BCE by Vishnu Sharma. It teaches us life lessons through engaging animal fables. Panchatantra has stories divided into 5 tantras or chapters. Each of these tantras has a main thread story which expands on the main theme of the tantra by including many sub-stories. In this page, you can watch the thread stories and all the sub-stories of the 5 tantras of Panchatantra in Sanskrit
Introduction
Aditi and bhanavi discuss about the structure of panchatantra, its importance, the contents and its relevance, in sanskrit language. they also explain the intention behind this project..
kathāmukham कथामुखम्
Why was panchatantra written listen to this introductory chapter of panchatantra named kathamukham which explains the situation that led vishnu sharma to compose the panchatantra..
Mitrabheda - मित्रभेदः
The first Tantra is called Mitra Bheda , which means “Separation of friends”. It shows that breaking of unnatural friendship in the larger interest is a fair game.
MitraSamprapti - मित्रसम्प्राप्तिः
The second Tantra is called Mitra Samprapti , which means “Acquisition of Friends”. This Tantra explains how friends could be made and won back if lost. It also explains how friendships could be cultivated for a mutually beneficial cause.
Kakolukiyam - काकोलूकीयम्
The third Tantra is called Kakolukiyam , which means “Of Crows and Owls”. This Tantra describes how a misunderstanding between enemies could be created to forge deceit and weaken them. It explains this by showing the enmity between crows and owls and how one suppresses the other.
Labdhapranasham - लब्धप्रणाशम्
The fourth Tantra is called Labdha PraNasham , which means “Loss of Gains”. This Tantra explains how we could lose what we had previously gained if we do not exercise proper caution.”
Aparikshitakarakam - अपरीक्षितकारकम्
The fifth and final Tantra is called Aparikshita Karakam , which means “Rash deeds”. This Tantra describes the ill effects of taking rash action without deliberating on the consequences.
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Panchatantra – Sanskrit commentary, Hindi and English translations
Apr 7th, 2011 by bharateeya
1. Sanskrit commentary on Pancahtantra 2. Sanskrit text of Panchatantra with Hindi translation by JP Mishra 3. English translation of Panchatantra by AW Ryder
According to Indian tradition, the Panchatantra was written around 200 BCE by Pandit Vishnu Sarma, a sage. However, based as it is on older oral traditions, its antecedents among storytellers probably hark back to the origins of language. One of the most influential Sanskrit contributions to world literature, it is “certainly the most frequently translated literary product of India” and there are over 200 versions in more than 50 languages.
In the Indian tradition, the Panchatantra is a nitisastra, a treatise on political science and human conduct, or niti. It is said that Vishnu Sarma’s objective was to instruct three dull and ignorant princes in the principles of polity, by means of stories. Panchatantra consists of five books, which are called:
1. Mitra Bhedha (The Loss of Friends) 2. Mitra Laabha also called Mitra Samprapti (Gaining Friends) 3. Kakolukiyam (Crows and Owls) 4. Labdhapranasam (Loss Of Gains) 5. Aparikshitakaraka (Ill-Considered Action / Rash deeds)
DOWNLOAD LINKS
1. Panchatantra Sanskrit text with Hindi translation – JP Mishra
2. Panchatantra Sanskrit Commentary
3. Panchatantra English translation by AW Ryder
Tags: pancha tantra , Panchatantra , sanskrit stories , vishnu sarma
Posted in Free Ebooks , Sanskrit , Stories , Subhashitas
48 Responses to “Panchatantra – Sanskrit commentary, Hindi and English translations”
good work……thank you.
Hi that’s Perfect! please put scanned file of ancient yoga trusty books for download. thanks a lot.
I have uploaded some books on Yoga at http://hinduebooks.blogspot.com/search/label/yoga
really good!
Hi it is certainly the most frequently translated literary product of India” and there are over 200 versions in more than 50 languages.
thanks for share, i need the book with English translation for my reasearch.
Best Regards
Supernaturally,
I am not sure if anyone has published Panchatantra Sanskrit text side by side with English translation. Most English translations are without Sanskrit text. Franklin Edgerton has published in 1924, Sanskrit text (transliteration) and English translation of Panchatantra seprarately in two volumes names “Panchatantra re-constructed”. The links to Part 1 and 2 are http://asi.nic.in/asi_books/3716.pdf and http://asi.nic.in/asi_books/3715.pdf
thanks so much. It is very useful.
Could you please post the Technical and All Dictionaries of Dr. Raghu Vira which translate massive and all technical words from English to Hindi and other Indian Languages. I saw some of the books in the Digital Library of India(like http://goo.gl/cCcmF ) and other places etc. Please this would greatly enhance many people.
प्रशंसनीयं कार्यं ! मम हार्दाः धन्यवादाः !!
Dear sir, I wanted the pdf version of Panchatantra by Shivamangal Divedi published by Bhargava Publication. I have got a copy of that book(1932 edition) from my teacher. That is not in good condition. I even asked the publishers about the new print but failed to get the response. Could you do something in this respect as this is a wonderful book with a brilliant Hindi and Sanskrit commentry that is easy to follow.
Namaste, I could not find this edition of Panchatantra at any of the digital libraries. You may try to find out if there is a copy of this book in public libraries in your city.
I liked it ! You dont have an outside idea of how much i was looking out for panchatantra !!!!! Thankx a lot Brother !
Dear Sir, I need 1. Tattvasangraha by Shantarakshit in Sanskrit/Hindi, 2. Syadvadamanjari in Sanskrit with Hindi Translation, 3. Isvarapratyabhijna in Sanskrit with Hindi Translation, 4. Vaidik Padanukrama Kosha Can you help me?
Sumod Acharya,
The following 2 sites are the only known main sources of scanned books on Indology. You will some software/programme to download pdf files from the first site. In the second site, you can download books directly as pdf files.
1. http://www.dli.gov.in/ 2. http://archive.org
You will easily find Sanskrit texts, commentaries and English translation at the above sites. But, it will be very difficult to find Hindi translations. You will find a lot of information at http://sanskritdocuments.org/scannedbooks/
If you need more details, please write to me.
I Want stories in sanskrit not in english
Pls upload Bhaishajyaratnavali sanskrit text with english/hindi translation. धन्यवादा: स्वामिन्|
I can’t download sanskrit books from archive also in mobile. Plz tell address (website).
Dr Krishna Moorthy,
I think Mobile phones are not yet fully compatible with Devanagari fonts. So, it would be good if you try using laptop or tablet for downloading Sanskrit books. Scanned pdfs of Sanskrit books are available at archive.org and scanned images (Tiff format) of Sanskrit books are available at Digital Library of India.
There is a copy of volume 1 of Bhaishajya Ratnavali ed. by Rasiklal Gupta available at dli.gov.in
Vaishajya Ratnabali vol. 1., 4990010219663. Gupta, Russicklall. 1898. sanskrit. TECHNOLOGY. 1052 pgs.
panchtantra ke liye dhanyawad…mein ise bahut dino se khoj raha tha……kya aap hamein panditraj jagannath ka bhaminivilasa sanskrit/hindi mein uplabdh karwa sakte hain…..aapka aabhari rahunga……dhanyawad.
I have uploaded ‘Bhaminivilasa’ with Hindi translation to http://archive.org/details/Bhaminivilasa_Of_Jagannatha_Pandita
sir, I need to sanskrit translated story of panchtantra char mitra
Dear bharateeya, This HIndi translation with original sanskrit script is very poor, I am sure there would be some better translations around, Can you suggest me other translations, Can I buy those Online? Thanks in advance,
Thnx for posting panchtantra hindi-Sanskrit book
call me if required content-writing, translation, editing etc..09425605432 sumit kumar वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम
I want information about panchatanthra in sanskrit language but I am unable to get it.can you help me please
https://archive.org/details/panchatantra-ocr
i want to purchase this book tell me from where i can get panchtantram
Bahut dino se Internet par Hindi Panchtantra ko talaash kar raha tha. Yakeen Janiye isko dekhkar khushi kaa koi thikana nahi hai. Halanki iska hindi anuvad uchhkoti ka nahee hai. Lekin chuki mool roop me hai. Isliye iski mahatta aur bhee jyada lagti hai. Dhanyavaad bahut bahut
Virendra Bansal,
You can visit Digital Library of India (dli.gov.in) for Hindi translations of Panchatantra by various scholars like Guruprasad Sastri, Ramachandra Jha, Satyakama Vidyalankar and Sarayuprasad Sastri and more.
I am unable to download any of the above as the links are not accessible. Kindly e-mail “Panchatantra Sanskrit text with Hindi translation – JP Mishra” to me at [email protected] . Thanks.
This is awosome
thanks ALL BARTIJIA VERY VERY RHANKS
thanks dear i like all sanskrit books in hindi long time i am study books thanks again
Dear sir, would you please help me with a copy of bhaishajya ratnavali eng or sanskrit
Various editions of Bhaishajya Ratnavali are available at Digital Library of India. The barcodes and other details are given below. You can download these books using a free software named DLI Downloader. It is available at http://dli-downloader.blogspot.in/2013/04/fast-dli-downloader-tool-to-download.html
Bhaishjya Ratnavali., 99999990293993. Tripathi,Saryuprasad. 1857. sanskrit. Devotional. 1045 pgs. Bhaishjya Ratnavali., 99999990322184. Tripathi,Saryuprasad. 1857. sanskrit. Devotional. 1045 pgs. Vaishajya Ratnabali vol. 1., 4990010219663. Gupta, Russicklall. 1898. sanskrit. TECHNOLOGY. 1052 pgs. Vaishajyaratnavali., 4990010053069. Sen, Raviraj Binod Lal. 1898. sanskrit. LANGUAGE. LINGUISTICS. LITERATURE. 952 pgs.
hi sir, can yu plz tell me how can i read panchatantra on this website
Dear Sir, I want a PDF copy of book on the story of “Chandrahasa” a king who born in moola nakshatra. please help me by providing such book
Great knowledge treasure on society and to handle situations. Schools should teach it with sanskrit verse with local translation.
thanks its too helpful for me.
thanks to this website it helped me a lot in my project i got full marks in this sanskrit project 😉
When i was a kid-35 years back i had a big book of panchtantra in gujarati do any one have this book?
कृपया कृषि पराशर हिंदी में उपलब्ध करवायें
Please upload pancathantra mithra samprapthi (winnig of freinds )with both english and sanskrit languages …
My regards !
Bahut achhhi he
Mereko book ki PDF chahiye abhi or isivakta please
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Panchatantra
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Panchatantra , collection of Indian animal fables, which has had extensive circulation both in the country of its origin and throughout the world. In Europe the work was known under the name The Fables of Bidpai (for the narrator, an Indian sage , Bidpai, called Vidyapati in Sanskrit), and one version reached the West as early as the 11th century.
In theory, the Panchatantra is intended as a textbook of niti (“policy,” especially for kings and statesmen); the aphorisms tend to glorify shrewdness and cleverness rather than altruism . The original text is a mixture of Sanskrit prose and stanzas of verse, with the stories contained within one of the five frame stories. The introduction, which acts as an enclosing frame for the entire work, attributes the stories to a learned Brahmin named Vishnusharman, who used the form of animal fables to instruct the three dull-witted sons of a king.
The original Sanskrit work, now lost, may have come into being at any time between 100 bc and ad 500. It was translated into Pahlavi (Middle Persian ) by the Persian royal physician Burzoe in the 6th century. Although this work also is lost, a Syriac translation of it has survived, together with the famous Arabic translation by Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ (d. ad 760), known as Kalīlah wa Dimnah , after the two jackals that figure in the first story. The Kalīlah wa Dimnah led to various other versions, including a second Syriac version and an 11th-century version in Greek, the Stephanites kai Ichnelates , from which translations were made into Latin and various Slavic languages . It was the 12th-century Hebrew version of Rabbi Joel, however, that became the source of most European versions.
The 17th-century Turkish translation, the Humayun-namah , was based on a 15th-century Persian version, the Anwār-e Suhaylī . The Panchatantra stories also traveled to Indonesia through Old Javanese written literature and possibly through oral versions. In India the Hitopadesha (“Good Advice”), composed by Narayana in the 12th century and circulated mostly in Bengal, appears to be an independent treatment of the Panchatantra material.
- Hinduism, Indian culture, Vedic Science, Yoga, Spirituality, India
The story of origins behind India’s greatest storybook – The Panchatantra
One Vishnushar man , shrewdly gleaning All worldly wisdom’s inner meaning. In these five books the charm compresses Of all such books the world possesses.
And this is how it happened.
Long time ago in a city called Mahilaropya (Maiden’s Delight), there lived a king named Amarshakti (Immortal-Power).
He was familiar with all the works treating of the wise conduct of life . His feet were made dazzling by the tangle of rays of light from jewels in the diadems of mighty kings who knelt before him. He had reached the far shore of all the arts that embellish life. This king had three sons. Their names were Bahushakti (Rich-Power), Ugrashakti (Fierce-Power), and Anantshakti (Endless-Power), and they were supreme blockheads.
Now when the king perceived that they were hostile to education, he summoned his counselors and said: “Gentlemen, it is known to you that these sons of mine, being hostile to education , are lacking in discernment. So when I look at them, my kingdom brings me no happiness, though all external thorns are drawn. For there is wisdom in the proverb :
Of sons unborn, or dead, or fools. Unborn or dead will do: They cause a little grief, no doubt; But fools, a long life through.
To what good purpose can a cow That brings no calf nor milk, be bent? Or why beget a son who proves A dunce and disobedient? Some means must therefore be devised to awaken their intelligence.”
And they, one after another, replied: “O King, first one learns grammar, in twelve years. If this subject has somehow been mastered, then one masters the books on religion and practical life . Then the intelligence awakens.”
But one of their number, a counselor named Keen, said: “O King, the duration of life is limited, and the verbal sciences require much time for mastery. Therefore let some kind of epitome be devised to wake their intelligence. There is a proverb that says:
Since verbal science has no final end. Since life is short, and obstacles impend. Let central facts be picked and firmly fixed. As swans extract the milk with water mixed.
“Now there is a Brahman here named Vishnusharman, with a reputation for competence in numerous sciences. Intrust the princes to him. He will certainly make them intelligent in a twinkling.”
When the king had listened to this, he summoned Vishnusharman and said: “Holy sir, as a favor to me you must make these princes incomparable masters of the art of practical life. In return, I will bestow upon you a hundred land-grants.”
And Vishnusharman made answer to the king: “O King, listen. Here is the plain truth. I am not the man to sell good learning for a hundred land-grants. But if I do not, in six months’ time, make the boys acquainted with the art of intelligent living, I will give up my own name. Let us cut the matter short. Listen to my lion-roar. My boasting arises from no greed for cash. Besides, I have no use for money ; I am eighty years old, and all the objects of sensual desire have lost their charm. But in order that your request may be granted, I will show a sporting spirit in reference to artistic matters. Make a note of the date. If I fail to render your sons, in six months’ time, incomparable masters of the art of intelligent living, then I will change my name.”
The king nodded and made preparations for the travel of the princes the very next day.
Meanwhile, Vishnusharman took the boys, went home, and made them learn by heart five books which he composed and called:
- “The Loss of Friends,”
- “The Winning of Friends,”
- “Crows and Owls,”
- “Loss of Gains,”
- “Ill-considered Action.”
Vishnusharman told the stories in such a way that each collection of story started with one main story, with other stories woven inside the main story. Each story gave insight into politics and practical wisdom as the essence or moral of the story was always similar to what a person would face in day-to-day life.
These the princes learned, and in six months’ time they answered the prescription. Since that day this work on the art of intelligent living, called Panchatantra , or the “Five Books,” has traveled the world, aiming at the awakening of intelligence in the young. To sum the matter up:
Whoever learns the work by heart. Or through the story-teller’s art Becomes acquainted.
His life by sad defeat — although The king of heaven be his foe — Is never tainted.
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Vishnu Sharma’s Panchatantra (Sanskrit)
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A s with most other ancient and medieval Sanskrit texts, the dates of the Panchatantra are impossible to fix with certainty. Like the other Katha cycles, it is a compendium of stories, arranged like Chinese boxes, story within story. Of all ancient Indian texts, it has probably had the greatest influence on world literature. Between the sixth and the eighth centuries it traveled via Pehlevi, Syriac and Arabic, to Europe, and between the eleventh and the eighteenth centuries, versions appeared in Greek, Latin, German, Spanish, French, English, Armenian, Hebrew and Slavonic languages. Although the earliest Sanskrit versions are lost, a large number of medieval Sanskrit versions exist as well as many versions in other Indian languages. While some of the stories are of ancient provenance, dating back to the epic period, others were added much later.
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Vanita, R. (2000). Vishnu Sharma’s Panchatantra (Sanskrit) . In: Vanita, R., Kidwai, S. (eds) Same-Sex Love in India. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05480-7_3
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Place of "Panchatantra" in the World of Literatures
This article represents an effort to interpret Panchatantra, a classical Sanskrit book and its importance in the world of literatures. Its initial journey through the translation began when a Persian physician in the reign of king Khosrau Anoshirwān found a copy of an Indian book known Panchatantra and translated it into Pahlavi, classical Persian. Then it was translated by Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ into Arabic. Many tales on the tongue of animals were appeared, but all of them were influenced in their artistic dimensions by the Indian elements taken from Panchatantra. Nevertheless, these tales did not lose their authenticity and effectiveness thus far. Some of these stories can also be used as a means of social and political criticism in the modern era, as it was used by "La Fontaine". He took many of his themes from his predecessors, especially from Greeks and Latinos, but he reached the perfection of art by following the artistic foundations of this genre that were developed by his predecessors and then completed those technical rules and excelled until he became an example for those who simulated him in all literatures. This paper thus highlights its origins that cut across the boundaries of cultures, languages and literatures.
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The Sanskrit Panchatantra, a collection of Indian animal tales, hypothetically originating in literary form around the third century CE, is one of the most widely diffused and translated literary compositions. The original Sanskrit work is lost, its contents and form partially preserved and often transformed by a panoply of descendants, revisions, and translations. The early studies revealed more than two hundred different versions, known in more than fifty languages. In India it had at least twenty-five known recensions, in both Sanskrit and vernacular languages, including Kannada, Gujarati, Marathi, Braj Bhakha, Malayalam, and Tamil, many of which underwent radical reconstructions, with omissions, errors, variations of text, and entirely new additions. The complex history of the textual transformations and translations has been widely researched in the context of comparative literature, fables, and folklore that was fashionable among scholars in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and in studies focused either on Islamic or Western translations or the migration of the textual descendants and revisions of the animal tales as they were diffused under different names. Scholars have concentrated primarily on literary and philological aspects of the Panchatantra fables, charting their textual diffusions and translations in an attempt to establish the lost original Sanskrit text. While achievements in these fields have been extraordinary, visual aspects of the Panchatantra tradition, which have a parallel history originating in ancient India, have been largely neglected.
Research Journal of English Language and Literature, 2023
The Panchatantra, a collection of animal fables, is one of the most celebrated literary works in Indian history. The Bishnois, a community in Rajasthan, India, have been following the teachings of the Panchatantra for centuries. This paper explores the interconnection between the Panchatantra and the Bishnois, highlighting how the Panchatantra's teachings have influenced the Bishnois' beliefs, customs, and practices. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of secondary sources, including books, articles, and online resources. The research shows that the Bishnois' reverence for Nature and their commitment to environmental conservation are deeply rooted in the Panchatantra's teachings. The paper also examines the Bishnois' unique relationship with wildlife, including their belief in the sacredness of animals and their willingness to sacrifice their lives to protect them. Overall, this study sheds light on the profound and enduring impact of the Panchatantra on Indian culture and underscores the importance of understanding the connections between literature and society.
The Panchatantra has been enchanting children all over the world for many decades. They aid men in knowing men, in becoming worldly-wise and in comprehending the ways of survival. These stories have been popular for more than at least 5000 years in India and they still continue to enthrall everyone. Various interpretations and adaptations of these stories can be found in various parts of the world. The original collection of The Panchatantra tales were in Sanskrit and numbered about 84. But over a period of time, the stories increased in number. It is difficult to accurately place its date of composition, yet it is assumed that it was composed in Kashmir, by about 200BC. The translated version by Arthur W. Ryder, which I have used for this presentation, is based on a Sanskrit edition of 1199 AD. The word 'Panchatantra' means the 'Five books'. Each of the five books is independent consisting of a framing story with numerous inserted stories narrated by characters in t...
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AbstractFrom the Panchatantra to La Fontaine: Migrations of Didactic AnimalIllustrations from India to the West The present study presents an overview of the Panchatantra's literary and artistic migrations, followed by focused discussions of particular fable illustrations, from their earliest known artistic origins in the art of India and Indonesia, through their Islamic transformations in Asia, until the late medieval and Renaissance renditions in Europe. The focus is on elements of continuity and change in visual interpretations, as related to the texts, as well as diverse cultural and artistic contexts. It will be demonstrated that in some cases visual formulas associated with the earliest images of the animal tales exhibited a rare tenacity and survived for centuries, despite linguistic and thematic transformations of texts, modified definitions, and recycling of visual materials in different cultural and inter-cultural contexts. The fact that images of these fables were ubiquitous, and were continually readopted over centuries, promotes questions of interchange and transmission in the context of cultural diversity. How did the varied illustrations reflect differences in socio-political, religious and ethical values, and what means were adopted to express and communicate in manners that would be both legible and engagingto the relevant public? These issues touch upon theoretical questions related to cultural interaction as mediated by translation, in its broader sense. Past compartmentalization of studies related to the Panchatantra, separating and incubating chapters of an ongoing, fluctuating tradition, according to superimposed cultural, historical, or religious boundaries, has limited and distorted our view. A further point addressed in this study regards the separation of literary studies of the fables from research devoted to their artistic expressions. I suggest that literary and artistic studies are not only interrelated but can be equally important as expressions of concepts, attitudes and values instrumental to, and inspired by, the animal fables (PDF) From the panchatantra to la fontaine:.... Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322737443_From_the_panchatantra_to_la_fontaine_Migrations_of_didactic_animal_illustrations_from_India_to_the_west [accessed Jul 16 2018].
“Panchantantra” – A Persian translation (An Analytical Study)” - A Research Paper; Published by: Vidyawarta (International Multilingual Research Journal), Harshwardhan Publication Pvt. Ltd. Maharashtra (India), May 2015, Issue-05, Vol-01, ISSN No. – 2394 - 5303, Page No. – 94-99
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The present article aims to study the translation and rewriting process of Indian narratives in Persian during the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) and the Mughal period (1526–1858), and to examine their cultural adaptations and strategies of adjustment to the Muslim recipient culture involving a reciprocal exchange of literary and cultural elements and religious interpretations. In the first stage, the features of Indo-Persian narrative tradition are briefly introduced with regards to structure and integral themes and in the second, the acculturation of Indian elements will be analysed according to Islamic principles and mystical thoughts in a selection of literary texts produced by Muslim Persian scholars. The article will focus on the representations of gender in stories and the perception of justice in the Perso-Islamic context to see, in particular, how narratives carried across Indian rituals and women’s codes of conduct to the Muslim readership; in other words, we try to shed ligh...
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It is the part two of my Review of the Roque Mesquita's "Madhva's Unknown Literary Sources" Part II shows the importance of Pancaraatra Texts in the philosophy of Madhvacharya and analyses the claims of Mequita about many Pancaratra texts.
By narrating the story of Divodasa, the ancient period legendary king of Kashi, whose stories continued even in the late Puranic period, the novelist Shivprasad Singh has done a great service to cultural understanding. Of course, no one can easily claim that the different facets of historicity and its linking connections are clearly interpreted, but with profusely cited verses from the Rig Veda and their contextual meanings and messages this novel is successful in its objectives. The good of the past is validated in the context of the demand of the present as shown in the idea of ‘Universal Manhood’ (Vishvamanusha) and ultimately the need for peace in the eras of crisis. There are two ways of investigating the art of writing. Firstly, through the scale of literary criticism, where four aspects are generally considered, viz. story (katha), narration (kathya), facts (tathya), and the final message (tatva). In narrating the story the novelist has used the plot of the struggle between the two kings of Kashi during the Gahadavala period (ca. 11th century), while the landscape and the people of the city are taken as a focus of the narration; and imaginary scenario is taken as a link to establish the factual situation. The final message is how “will power” (symbolised with the Blue Moon), i.e. the ultimate aim of life, can be achieved. Concerning these four aspects the novelist is successful to different degrees. Mankind is at the turning point, but with a careful decision only the right turnings should be chosen. Metaphorically, the novelist suggests, life is not only a circle or straight line but rather a series of turnings. From one turning one goes out and reaches other turnings. Varanasi is famous for such a distinct network of street¬-turnings ― symbolising human life. The narrow lanes symbolise the human problems, including unrest and frustrations. The novel ends with this sense of perceiving the spatial structure of Varanasi, associated with symbolism.
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Background of Panchatantra
Summary of panchatantra: background, history, origin & influence..
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COMMENTS
A Panchatantra relief at the Mendut temple, Central Java, Indonesia. The Panchatantra (IAST: Pañcatantra, ISO: Pañcatantra, Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र, "Five Treatises") is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose, arranged within a frame story. [2]
It is in my opinion not only the most enjoyable translation of the Panchatantra into English, but (depending on your taste) the best translation of any work from Sanskrit to English. The Panchatantra has humour not just in its stories but in its idiom, its tone, and even its names for characters, and only Ryder has even attempted to capture ...
पञ्चतन्त्रम् कथा-मुखम् ओं नमः श्री-शारदा-गणपति-गुरुभ्यः । महा ...
Summary: The Sanskrit edition of the Panchatantra referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Vishnu Sharma and possibly dating as early as 1200 BCE, the Panchatantra (or Pancatantra) represents a collection of short stories teaching basic ethical values and moral conduct that was commonly practiced in ancient Indian. Alternative titles: Śrīviṣṇuśarman ...
Selected Stories from Panchatantra with Sanskrit text and English translation for the use of Sanskrit students. Source of e-text: http://samskrutam.com/samskrit/stories/stories.aspx?section=homecontent
Aditi and Bhanavi discuss about the structure of Panchatantra, its importance, the contents and its relevance, in Sanskrit language. They also explain the intention behind this project.
One of the most influential Sanskrit contributions to world literature, it is "certainly the most frequently translated literary product of India" and there are over 200 versions in more than 50 languages. In the Indian tradition, the Panchatantra is a nitisastra, a treatise on political science and human conduct, or niti.
Sanskrit: "Five Treatises" or "Five Chapters". Also spelled: Pancatantra. Panchatantra, collection of Indian animal fables, which has had extensive circulation both in the country of its origin and throughout the world. In Europe the work was known under the name The Fables of Bidpai (for the narrator, an Indian sage, Bidpai, called ...
One Vishnusharman, shrewdly gleaning All worldly wisdom's inner meaning. In these five books the charm compresses Of all such books the world possesses. And this is how it happened. Long time ago in a city called Mahilaropya (Maiden's Delight), there lived a king named Amarshakti (Immortal-Power). He was familiar with all the works treating of the wise conduct
Vishnu Sharma's Panchatantra (Sanskrit) a'sPanchatantra (Sanskrit)Ruth VanitaAs with most other ancient and medieval Sanskrit texts, the dates of the Pancbatant. a are impossible to fix with certainty. Like the other Katba cycles, it is a compendium of stories, arranged.
Panchatantra - Its journey across the globe Fig 1. Map of Sassanian Empire and Jundishapur3 Panchatantra has its own story of moving from places to places and from one language to other language. During the last 1500 years there are at least 200 translations of Panchatantra in about 60 languages of the World.
The Panchatantra (Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र, "Five Treatises") is an ancient Indian collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose, arranged within a frame story. The surviving work is dated to about 200 BCE, but the fables are likely much more ancient. The text's author is unknown, but it has been ...
The Sanskrit Panchatantra, a collection of Indian animal tales, hypothetically originating in literary form around the third century CE, is one of the most widely diffused and translated literary compositions. The original Sanskrit work is lost, its contents and form partially preserved and often transformed by a panoply of descendants, revisions, and translations. The early studies revealed ...
The Panchatantra, a collection of ancient Hindu tales in its oldest recension, the Kashmirian, entitled Tantrakhyayika; the original Sanskrit text, editio minor, reprinted from the critical editio major which was made for the Ko nigliche gesellschaft der wissenschaft zu Go ttingen
The book, Panchatantra, is divided into (pancha) five 'tantra's (systems) of 'Nitishashtra' (Science of wise conduct). It was originally composed in Sanskrit language in India around 3rd century BC. However, based on evidences, many tales referred in the composition find their origins back to the period of Vedas and Upanishads, dating around ...
The Panchatantra (Pañcatantra) is the most famous collection of Indian fables. The oldest written versions are in Sanskrit and date from early in the first millennium ce. The individual narratives th...
Usage Public Domain Mark 1.0 Topics panchatantra, vishnusharma, sanskrit stories Collection opensource Item Size 225.7M
The Panchatantra is a collection of fables from ancient India, originally written in Sanskrit. It contains five major sections based on five different principles and is believed to have been written by Vishnu Sharma.
Panchatantra stories in sanskrit: Panchatantra is an ancient Indian collection of various mythological stories related to kids, animals, philosophy, philanthropy and moral values.
Panchatantra The Panchatantra was composed more than 2000 years ago, yet because of the moral principles and wisdom it contains, it is still well-known and relevant among today's kids. It was originally composed in Sanskrit, but it is now available in many different languages worldwide. There are 87 stories in the Panchatantra, and each one contains a moral lesson. It is a fantastic tool for ...
The snake would kill and eat the young and newborn storks and live happily. One day, on seeing the young ones being consumed by the snake, and in great grief over the dead children, the stork went to a lake and with tears in his eyes sat there sadly. Seeing the stork in such melancholy, a crab asked, "Dear Sir.
Panchatantra storie in sanskrit | चत्वारि मित्राणि पंचतंत्र की कहानी संस्कृत में हिंदी अनुवाद के साथ बिलस्य वाणी न कदापि मे श्रुता - हिंदी अनुवाद एक जंगल में खरनखर नाम का ...
Topics Panchatantra, Sanskrit language, Collection opensource Language English Item Size 28.2M