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What is a business plan? Definition, Purpose, and Types

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What is a business plan?

Looking for someone to write a business plan, purposes of a business plan, what are the essential components of a business plan, executive summary, business description or overview, product and price, competitive analysis, target market, marketing plan, financial plan, funding requirements, types of business plan, lean startup business plans, traditional business plans, need guidance with your business plan, how often should a business plan be reviewed and revised, what are the key elements of a lean startup business plan, what are some of the reasons why business plans don't succeed.

In the world of business, a well-thought-out plan is often the key to success. This plan, known as a business plan, is a comprehensive document that outlines a company’s goals, strategies , and financial projections. Whether you’re starting a new business or looking to expand an existing one, a business plan is an essential tool.

As a business plan writer and consultant , I’ve crafted over 15,000 plans for a diverse range of businesses. In this article, I’ll be sharing my wealth of experience about what a business plan is, its purpose, and the step-by-step process of creating one. By the end, you’ll have a thorough understanding of how to develop a robust business plan that can drive your business to success.

A business plan is a roadmap for your business. It outlines your goals, strategies, and how you plan to achieve them. It’s a living document that you can update as your business grows and changes.

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These are the following purpose of business plan:

• Attract investors and lenders: If you’re seeking funding for your business , a business plan is a must-have. Investors and lenders want to see that you have a clear plan for how you’ll use their money to grow your business and generate revenue.
• Get organized and stay on track: Writing a business plan forces you to think through all aspects of your business, from your target market to your marketing strategy. This can help you identify any potential challenges and opportunities early on, so you can develop a plan to address them.
• Make better decisions: A business plan can help you make better decisions about your business by providing you with a framework to evaluate different options. For example, if you’re considering launching a new product, your business plan can help you assess the potential market demand, costs, and profitability.

The executive summary is the most important part of your business plan, even though it’s the last one you’ll write. It’s the first section that potential investors or lenders will read, and it may be the only one they read. The executive summary sets the stage for the rest of the document by introducing your company’s mission or vision statement, value proposition, and long-term goals.

The business description section of your business plan should introduce your business to the reader in a compelling and concise way. It should include your business name, years in operation, key offerings, positioning statement, and core values (if applicable). You may also want to include a short history of your company.

In this section, the company should describe its products or services , including pricing, product lifespan, and unique benefits to the consumer. Other relevant information could include production and manufacturing processes, patents, and proprietary technology.

Every industry has competitors, even if your business is the first of its kind or has the majority of the market share. In the competitive analysis section of your business plan, you’ll objectively assess the industry landscape to understand your business’s competitive position. A SWOT analysis is a structured way to organize this section.

Your target market section explains the core customers of your business and why they are your ideal customers. It should include demographic, psychographic, behavioral, and geographic information about your target market.

Marketing plan describes how the company will attract and retain customers, including any planned advertising and marketing campaigns . It also describes how the company will distribute its products or services to consumers.

After outlining your goals, validating your business opportunity, and assessing the industry landscape, the team section of your business plan identifies who will be responsible for achieving your goals. Even if you don’t have your full team in place yet, investors will be impressed by your clear understanding of the roles that need to be filled.

In the financial plan section,established businesses should provide financial statements , balance sheets , and other financial data. New businesses should provide financial targets and estimates for the first few years, and may also request funding.

Since one goal of a business plan is to secure funding from investors , you should include the amount of funding you need, why you need it, and how long you need it for.

• Tip: Use bullet points and numbered lists to make your plan easy to read and scannable.

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Business plans can come in many different formats, but they are often divided into two main types: traditional and lean startup. The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) says that the traditional business plan is the more common of the two.

Lean startup business plans are short (as short as one page) and focus on the most important elements. They are easy to create, but companies may need to provide more information if requested by investors or lenders.

Traditional business plans are longer and more detailed than lean startup business plans, which makes them more time-consuming to create but more persuasive to potential investors. Lean startup business plans are shorter and less detailed, but companies should be prepared to provide more information if requested.

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A business plan should be reviewed and revised at least annually, or more often if the business is experiencing significant changes. This is because the business landscape is constantly changing, and your business plan needs to reflect those changes in order to remain relevant and effective.

Here are some specific situations in which you should review and revise your business plan:

• You have launched a new product or service line.
• You have entered a new market.
• You have experienced significant changes in your customer base or competitive landscape.
• You have made changes to your management team or organizational structure.
• You have raised new funding.

A lean startup business plan is a short and simple way for a company to explain its business, especially if it is new and does not have a lot of information yet. It can include sections on the company’s value proposition, major activities and advantages, resources, partnerships, customer segments, and revenue sources.

• Unrealistic assumptions: Business plans are often based on assumptions about the market, the competition, and the company’s own capabilities. If these assumptions are unrealistic, the plan is doomed to fail.
• Lack of focus: A good business plan should be focused on a specific goal and how the company will achieve it. If the plan is too broad or tries to do too much, it is unlikely to be successful.
• Poor execution: Even the best business plan is useless if it is not executed properly. This means having the right team in place, the necessary resources, and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
• Unforeseen challenges:  Every business faces challenges that could not be predicted or planned for. These challenges can be anything from a natural disaster to a new competitor to a change in government regulations.

What are the benefits of having a business plan?

• It helps you to clarify your business goals and strategies.
• It can help you to attract investors and lenders.
• It can serve as a roadmap for your business as it grows and changes.
• It can help you to make better business decisions.

How to write a business plan?

There are many different ways to write a business plan, but most follow the same basic structure. Here is a step-by-step guide:

• Executive summary.
• Company description.
• Management and organization description.
• Financial projections.

How to write a business plan step by step?

Start with an executive summary, then describe your business, analyze the market, outline your products or services, detail your marketing and sales strategies, introduce your team, and provide financial projections.

Why do I need a business plan for my startup?

A business plan helps define your startup’s direction, attract investors, secure funding, and make informed decisions crucial for success.

What are the key components of a business plan?

Key components include an executive summary, business description, market analysis, products or services, marketing and sales strategy, management and team, financial projections, and funding requirements.

Can a business plan help secure funding for my business?

Yes, a well-crafted business plan demonstrates your business’s viability, the use of investment, and potential returns, making it a valuable tool for attracting investors and lenders.

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What Is a Business Plan? Definition and Planning Essentials Explained

11 min. read

Updated September 23, 2024

What is a business plan? It’s the roadmap for your business. The outline of your goals, objectives, and the steps you’ll take to get there. It describes the structure of your organization, how it operates, as well as the financial expectations and actual performance. 

A business plan can help you explore ideas, successfully start a business, manage operations, and pursue growth. In short, a business plan is a lot of different things. It’s more than just a stack of paper and can be one of your most effective tools as a business owner. 

Let’s explore the basics of business planning, the structure of a traditional plan, your planning options, and how you can use your plan to succeed. 

What is a business plan?

A business plan is a document that explains how your business operates. It summarizes your business structure, objectives, milestones, and financial performance. Again, it’s a guide that helps you, and anyone else, better understand how your business will succeed.  

Why do you need a business plan?

The primary purpose of a business plan is to help you understand the direction of your business and the steps it will take to get there. Having a solid business plan can help you grow up to 30% faster , and according to our own 2021 Small Business research working on a business plan increases confidence regarding business health—even in the midst of a crisis. 

These benefits are directly connected to how writing a business plan makes you more informed and better prepares you for entrepreneurship. It helps you reduce risk and avoid pursuing potentially poor ideas. You’ll also be able to more easily uncover your business’s potential. 

The biggest mistake you can make is not writing a business plan, and the second is never updating it. By regularly reviewing your plan, you can understand what parts of your strategy are working and those that are not.

That just scratches the surface of why having a plan is valuable. Check out our full write-up for fifteen more reasons why you need a business plan .  

What can you do with your plan?

So what can you do with a business plan once you’ve created it? It can be all too easy to write a plan and just let it be. Here are just a few ways you can leverage your plan to benefit your business.

Test an idea

Writing a plan isn’t just for those who are ready to start a business. It’s just as valuable for those who have an idea and want to determine whether it’s actually possible. By writing a plan to explore the validity of an idea, you are working through the process of understanding what it would take to be successful. 

Market and competitive research alone can tell you a lot about your idea. 

• • Is the marketplace too crowded?
• • Is the solution you have in mind not really needed? 

Add in the exploration of milestones, potential expenses, and the sales needed to attain profitability, and you can paint a pretty clear picture of your business’s potential.

Document your strategy and goals

Understanding where you’re going and how you’re going to get there is vital for those starting or managing a business. Writing your plan helps you do that. It ensures that you consider all aspects of your business, know what milestones you need to hit, and can effectively make adjustments if that doesn’t happen. 

With a plan in place, you’ll know where you want your business to go and how you’ve performed in the past. This alone prepares you to take on challenges, review what you’ve done before, and make the right adjustments.

Pursue funding

Even if you do not intend to pursue funding right away, having a business plan will prepare you for it. It will ensure that you have all of the information necessary to submit a loan application and pitch to investors. 

So, rather than scrambling to gather documentation and write a cohesive plan once it’s relevant, you can keep it up-to-date and attempt to attain funding. Just add a use of funds report to your financial plan and you’ll be ready to go.

The benefits of having a plan don’t stop there. You can then use your business plan to help you manage the funding you receive. You’ll not only be able to easily track and forecast how you’ll use your funds but also easily report on how it’s been used. 

Better manage your business

A solid business plan isn’t meant to be something you do once and forget about. Instead, it should be a useful tool that you can regularly use to analyze performance, make strategic decisions, and anticipate future scenarios. It’s a document that you should regularly update and adjust as you go to better fit the actual state of your business.

Doing so makes it easier to understand what’s working and what’s not. It helps you understand if you’re truly reaching your goals or if you need to make further adjustments. Having your plan in place makes that process quicker, more informative, and leaves you with far more time to actually spend running your business.

What should your business plan include?

The content and structure of your business plan should include anything that will help you use it effectively. That being said, there are some key elements that you should cover and that investors will expect to see. 

Executive summary

The executive summary is a simple overview of your business and your overall plan. It should serve as a standalone document that provides enough detail for anyone—including yourself, team members, or investors—to fully understand your business strategy. Make sure to cover:

• • The problem you’re solving
• • A description of your product or service
• • Your target market
• • Organizational structure
• • A financial summary
• • Necessary funding requirements.

This will be the first part of your plan, but it’s easiest to write it after you’ve created your full plan.

Products & Services

When describing your products or services, you need to start by outlining the problem you’re solving and why what you offer is valuable. This is where you’ll also address current competition in the market and any competitive advantages your products or services bring to the table. 

Lastly, outline the steps or milestones you’ll need to hit to launch your business successfully. If you’ve already achieved some initial milestones, like taking pre-orders or early funding, be sure to include them here to further prove your business’s validity. 

Market analysis

A market analysis is a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the current market you’re entering or competing in. It helps you understand the industry’s overall state and potential, who your ideal customers are, the positioning of your competition, and how you intend to position your own business.

This helps you better explore the market’s long-term trends, what challenges to expect, and how you will need to introduce and even price your products or services.

Check out our full guide for how to conduct a market analysis in just four easy steps.  

Marketing & sales

Here you detail how you intend to reach your target market. This includes your sales activities, general pricing plan, and the beginnings of your marketing strategy. If you have any branding elements, sample marketing campaigns, or messaging available—this is the place to add them. 

Additionally, it may be wise to include a SWOT analysis that demonstrates your business or specific product/service position. This will showcase how you intend to leverage sales and marketing channels to deal with competitive threats and take advantage of any opportunities.

Check out our full write-up to learn how to create a cohesive marketing strategy for your business. 

Organization & management

This section addresses the legal structure of your business, your current team, and any gaps that need to be filled. Depending on your business type and longevity, you’ll also need to include your location, ownership information, and business history.

Basically, add any information that helps explain your organizational structure and how you operate. This section is particularly important for pitching to investors but should be included even if attempted funding is not in your immediate future.

Financial projections

Possibly the most important piece of your plan, your financials section is vital for showcasing your business’s viability. It also helps you establish a baseline to measure against and makes it easier to make ongoing strategic decisions as your business grows. This may seem complex, but it can be far easier than you think. 

Focus on building solid forecasts, keep your categories simple, and lean on assumptions. You can always return to this section to add more details and refine your financial statements as you operate. 

Here are the statements you should include in your financial plan:

• • Sales and revenue projections
• • Profit and loss statement
• • Cash flow statement
• • Balance sheet

The appendix is where you add additional detail, documentation, or extended notes that support the other sections of your plan. Don’t worry about adding this section at first; only add documentation that you think will benefit anyone reading your plan.

Types of business plans explained

While all business plans cover similar categories, the style and function depend on how you intend to use your business plan . So, to get the most out of your plan, it’s best to find a format that suits your needs. Here are a few common business plan types worth considering. 

Traditional business plan

The tried-and-true traditional business plan (sometimes called a detailed business plan ) is a formal document meant for external purposes. It is typically required when applying for a business loan or pitching to investors. 

It can also be used when training or hiring employees, working with vendors, or any other situation where the full details of your business must be understood by another individual. 

A traditional business plan follows the outline above and can be anywhere from 10-50 pages depending on the amount of detail included, the complexity of your business, and what you include in your appendix. We recommend only starting with this business plan format if you plan to immediately pursue funding and already have a solid handle on your business information. 

Business model canvas

The business model canvas is a one-page template designed to demystify the business planning process. It removes the need for a traditional, copy-heavy business plan, in favor of a single-page outline that can help you and outside parties better explore your business idea. 

The structure ditches a linear structure in favor of a cell-based template. It encourages you to build connections between every element of your business. It’s faster to write out and update and much easier for you, your team, and anyone else to visualize your business operations. 

The business model canvas is really best for those exploring their business idea for the first time, but keep in mind that it can be difficult to actually validate your idea this way as well as adapt it into a full plan.

One-page business plan

The true middle ground between the business model canvas and a traditional business plan is the one-page business plan . Sometimes referred to as a lean plan, this format is a simplified version of the traditional plan that focuses on the core aspects of your business. It basically serves as a beefed-up pitch document and can be finished as quickly as the business model canvas.

By starting with a one-page plan, you give yourself a minimal document to build from. You’ll typically stick with bullet points and single sentences making it much easier to elaborate or expand sections into a longer-form business plan. 

A one-page business plan is useful for those exploring ideas, needing to validate their business model, or who need an internal plan to help them run and manage their business.

Growth plan

Now, the option that we here at LivePlan recommend is a growth plan . However, growth planning is less of a specific document type and more of a methodology. It takes the simplicity and styling of the one-page business plan and turns it into a process for you to continuously plan, test, review, refine, and take action based on performance.

It holds all of the benefits of the single-page plan, including the potential to complete it in as little as 27-minutes . 

However, it’s even easier to convert into a more detailed business plan thanks to how heavily it’s tied to your financials. The overall goal of growth planning isn’t to just produce documents that you use once and shelve. Instead, the growth planning process helps you build a healthier company that thrives in times of growth and stable through times of crisis.

It’s faster, concise, more focused on financial performance, and ensures that your plan is always up-to-date.

How can you write your own business plan?

Now that you know the definition of a business plan, it’s time to write your own.

Get started by downloading our free business plan template or try a business plan builder like LivePlan for a fully guided experience and an AI-powered Assistant to help you write, generate ideas, and analyze your business performance.

No matter which option you choose, writing a business plan will set you up for success. You can use it to test an idea, figure out how you’ll start, and pursue funding.  And if you review and revise your plan regularly, it can turn into your best business management tool.

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Kody currently works as the Inbound and Content Marketing Specialist at Palo Alto Software and runs editorial for both LivePlan and Bplans, working with various freelance specialists and in-house writers. A graduate of the University of Oregon, he specializes in SEO research, content writing, and branding.

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What is a Business Plan? Definition and Resources

9 min. read

Updated July 29, 2024

If you’ve ever jotted down a business idea on a napkin with a few tasks you need to accomplish, you’ve written a business plan — or at least the very basic components of one.

The origin of formal business plans is murky. But they certainly go back centuries. And when you consider that 20% of new businesses fail in year 1 , and half fail within 5 years, the importance of thorough planning and research should be clear.

But just what is a business plan? And what’s required to move from a series of ideas to a formal plan? Here we’ll answer that question and explain why you need one to be a successful business owner.

• What is a business plan?

A business plan lays out a strategic roadmap for any new or growing business.

Any entrepreneur with a great idea for a business needs to conduct market research , analyze their competitors , validate their idea by talking to potential customers, and define their unique value proposition .

The business plan captures that opportunity you see for your company: it describes your product or service and business model , and the target market you’ll serve. 

It also includes details on how you’ll execute your plan: how you’ll price and market your solution and your financial projections .

Reasons for writing a business plan

If you’re asking yourself, ‘Do I really need to write a business plan?’ consider this fact: 

Companies that commit to planning grow 30% faster than those that don’t.

Creating a business plan is crucial for businesses of any size or stage. It helps you develop a working business and avoid consequences that could stop you before you ever start.

If you plan to raise funds for your business through a traditional bank loan or SBA loan , none of them will want to move forward without seeing your business plan. Venture capital firms may or may not ask for one, but you’ll still need to do thorough planning to create a pitch that makes them want to invest.

But it’s more than just a means of getting your business funded . The plan is also your roadmap to identify and address potential risks. 

It’s not a one-time document. Your business plan is a living guide to ensure your business stays on course.

Related: 14 of the top reasons why you need a business plan

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What research shows about business plans

Numerous studies have established that planning improves business performance:

• 71% of fast-growing companies have business plans that include budgets, sales goals, and marketing and sales strategies.
• Companies that clearly define their value proposition are more successful than those that can’t.
• Companies or startups with a business plan are more likely to get funding than those without one.
• Starting the business planning process before investing in marketing reduces the likelihood of business failure.

The planning process significantly impacts business growth for existing companies and startups alike.

Read More: Research-backed reasons why writing a business plan matters

When should you write a business plan?

No two business plans are alike. 

Yet there are similar questions for anyone considering writing a plan to answer. One basic but important question is when to start writing it.

A Harvard Business Review study found that the ideal time to write a business plan is between 6 and 12 months after deciding to start a business. 

But the reality can be more nuanced – it depends on the stage a business is in, or the type of business plan being written.

Ideal times to write a business plan include:

• When you have an idea for a business
• When you’re starting a business
• When you’re preparing to buy (or sell)
• When you’re trying to get funding
• When business conditions change
• When you’re growing or scaling your business

Read More: The best times to write or update your business plan

How often should you update your business plan?

As is often the case, how often a business plan should be updated depends on your circumstances.

A business plan isn’t a homework assignment to complete and forget about. At the same time, no one wants to get so bogged down in the details that they lose sight of day-to-day goals. 

But it should cover new opportunities and threats that a business owner surfaces, and incorporate feedback they get from customers. So it can’t be a static document.

Related Reading: 5 fundamental principles of business planning

For an entrepreneur at the ideation stage, writing and checking back on their business plan will help them determine if they can turn that idea into a profitable business .

And for owners of up-and-running businesses, updating the plan (or rewriting it) will help them respond to market shifts they wouldn’t be prepared for otherwise. 

It also lets them compare their forecasts and budgets to actual financial results. This invaluable process surfaces where a business might be out-performing expectations and where weak performance may require a prompt strategy change. 

The planning process is what uncovers those insights.

Related Reading: 10 prompts to help you write a business plan with AI

• How long should your business plan be?

Thinking about a business plan strictly in terms of page length can risk overlooking more important factors, like the level of detail or clarity in the plan. 

Not all of the plan consists of writing – there are also financial tables, graphs, and product illustrations to include.

But there are a few general rules to consider about a plan’s length:

• Your business plan shouldn’t take more than 15 minutes to skim.
• Business plans for internal use (not for a bank loan or outside investment) can be as short as 5 to 10 pages.

A good practice is to write your business plan to match the expectations of your audience. 

If you’re walking into a bank looking for a loan, your plan should match the formal, professional style that a loan officer would expect . But if you’re writing it for stakeholders on your own team—shorter and less formal (even just a few pages) could be the better way to go.

The length of your plan may also depend on the stage your business is in. 

For instance, a startup plan won’t have nearly as much financial information to include as a plan written for an established company will.

Read More: How long should your business plan be?  

What information is included in a business plan?

The contents of a plan business plan will vary depending on the industry the business is in. 

After all, someone opening a new restaurant will have different customers, inventory needs, and marketing tactics to consider than someone bringing a new medical device to the market. 

But there are some common elements that most business plans include:

• Executive summary: An overview of the business operation, strategy, and goals. The executive summary should be written last, despite being the first thing anyone will read.
• Products and services: A description of the solution that a business is bringing to the market, emphasizing how it solves the problem customers are facing.
• Market analysis: An examination of the demographic and psychographic attributes of likely customers, resulting in the profile of an ideal customer for the business.
• Competitive analysis: Documenting the competitors a business will face in the market, and their strengths and weaknesses relative to those competitors.
• Marketing and sales plan: Summarizing a business’s tactics to position their product or service favorably in the market, attract customers, and generate revenue.
• Operational plan: Detailing the requirements to run the business day-to-day, including staffing, equipment, inventory, and facility needs.
• Organization and management structure: A listing of the departments and position breakdown of the business, as well as descriptions of the backgrounds and qualifications of the leadership team.
• Key milestones: Laying out the key dates that a business is projected to reach certain milestones , such as revenue, break-even, or customer acquisition goals.
• Financial plan: Balance sheets, cash flow forecast , and sales and expense forecasts with forward-looking financial projections, listing assumptions and potential risks that could affect the accuracy of the plan.
• Appendix: All of the supporting information that doesn’t fit into specific sections of the business plan, such as data and charts.

Read More: Use this business plan outline to organize your plan

• Different types of business plans

A business plan isn’t a one-size-fits-all document. There are numerous ways to create an effective business plan that fits entrepreneurs’ or established business owners’ needs. 

Here are a few of the most common types of business plans for small businesses:

• One-page plan : Outlining all of the most important information about a business into an adaptable one-page plan.
• Growth plan : An ongoing business management plan that ensures business tactics and strategies are aligned as a business scales up.
• Internal plan : A shorter version of a full business plan to be shared with internal stakeholders – ideal for established companies considering strategic shifts.

Business plan vs. operational plan vs. strategic plan

• What questions are you trying to answer? 
• Are you trying to lay out a plan for the actual running of your business?
• Is your focus on how you will meet short or long-term goals? 

Since your objective will ultimately inform your plan, you need to know what you’re trying to accomplish before you start writing.

While a business plan provides the foundation for a business, other types of plans support this guiding document.

An operational plan sets short-term goals for the business by laying out where it plans to focus energy and investments and when it plans to hit key milestones.

Then there is the strategic plan , which examines longer-range opportunities for the business, and how to meet those larger goals over time.

Read More: How to use a business plan for strategic development and operations

• Business plan vs. business model

If a business plan describes the tactics an entrepreneur will use to succeed in the market, then the business model represents how they will make money. 

The difference may seem subtle, but it’s important. 

Think of a business plan as the roadmap for how to exploit market opportunities and reach a state of sustainable growth. By contrast, the business model lays out how a business will operate and what it will look like once it has reached that growth phase.

Learn More: The differences between a business model and business plan

• Moving from idea to business plan

Now that you understand what a business plan is, the next step is to start writing your business plan . 

The best way to start is by reviewing examples and downloading a business plan template . These resources will provide you with guidance and inspiration to help you write a plan.

We recommend starting with a simple one-page plan ; it streamlines the planning process and helps you organize your ideas. However, if one page doesn’t fit your needs, there are plenty of other great templates available that will put you well on your way to writing a useful business plan.

Tim Berry is the founder and chairman of Palo Alto Software , a co-founder of Borland International, and a recognized expert in business planning. He has an MBA from Stanford and degrees with honors from the University of Oregon and the University of Notre Dame. Today, Tim dedicates most of his time to blogging, teaching and evangelizing for business planning.

Table of Contents

• Reasons to write a business plan
• Business planning research
• When to write a business plan
• When to update a business plan
• Information to include
• Business vs. operational vs. strategic plans

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By Dheeraj Vaidya, CFA, FRM

(ex. J.P. Morgan & CLSA Equity Analyst with 20+ years of training experience)

Business Plan

Last Updated :

21 Aug, 2024

Blog Author :

Wallstreetmojo Team

Edited by :

Susmita Pathak

Reviewed by :

Dheeraj Vaidya, CFA, FRM

Table Of Contents

What Is A Business Plan?

A business plan is an executive document that acts as a blueprint or roadmap for a business. It is quite necessary for new ventures seeking capital, expansion activities, or projects requiring additional capital. It is also important to remind the management, employees, and partners of what they represent. 

Creating a business plan is an indispensable part of any business. The main purpose of creating such a document is to attract prospective investors to provide capital to the enterprise. Therefore, the plan should cover all the important perspectives of a business - financial, operational, personnel, competition, etc. 

Table of contents

Business plan explained, business plan vs business model, frequently asked questions (faqs), recommended articles.

• A business plan is a critical document for any business – whether a start-up or a well-established one. It can be considered a self-written bible for the company.
• The purpose of this plan should not just be restricted to convincing investors, but it should also extend to the company's morals and ethics, and every stakeholder should be aware of it. 
• It can communicate the business idea's viability and, most importantly, the entrepreneurs' dedication to the business. As this dedication keeps them going, the investors are generally motivated to approve a venture when it is evident from the plan.

Business plan writers are responsible for crafting the face of a business organization they hope to build. It cannot be easy because a business plan should be a versatile document that covers various perspectives and aspects of the business that the readers might expect.

The business plan objective is to talk about the company's unique selling proposition ( USP ), business culture, and what the company is. Finally, and most importantly, it is not a static document. With the company's growth, it needs to change by incorporating more relevant information and goals. 

The outline of a business plan should be prepared from three perspectives - first, the market; second, the investors; and finally, the company. However, most plans tend to become business-oriented rather than focusing on the market and the investors. This might create a negative impression on the investors.

First, the entrepreneurs must understand a demand-supply gap from the market's perspective. This gap can be the perfect opportunity for the company. Or maybe the company has an innovative product or service idea, which they believe will have a high demand. Either way, the market should accept the product. 

According to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Enterprise Forum, 1978, investors are more likely to approve market-driven businesses rather than technology or service-driven ones.

Also, the plan should address the investors' needs. What is in it for the investor? Since they invest a lot of money, they expect higher returns. Of course, no investor would demand profits upfront. But it's important to tell them when they can expect returns and how much. So the business should provide them with the data on the estimated payback period .

There are many types of business plans based on the size of the document and its scope.

#1 - Size-based plans

First, depending on the size of the plan, there are traditional and lean start-up plans. The traditional plan is a lengthy document with more than 20 pages. It covers various facets of the business in such a way as to answer the different questions that may arise in the readers' minds. But the disadvantage of this plan is that it might hold the readers' concentration only for a limited time.

The lean start-up plan is a concise and brief version of an actual plan, usually consisting of a single page. The demerit of this plan is that it might be too small and not include all the important and relevant information. But the entrepreneurs must be ready to provide the investors with a detailed document if required. 

#2 - Scope-based plans

The second classification is based on the scope of the plan. It can be a start-up plan for new businesses seeking capital or an internal plan to communicate with different departments on a new project. Other types based on scope include strategic, feasibility, operations, and growth. 

A strategic plan can communicate how the business will achieve its goal, while a feasibility plan can focus on the feasibility of the company's offerings. For example, the operations plan focuses on production and supply operations. In contrast, a business prepares the growth plan for its aspiring expansion projects, focusing on additional investments and financial projections .

The outline of a business plan should be carefully designed to incorporate all the focus points deemed essential by the audience. The following are the elements of any business plan sample:

• Executive summary  – Also known as the elevator pitch , the business plan executive summary is the most important element of any business plan, best fitted in a page or two. A business should draw its plan from the mission and vision, which are the founding principles of any business. Next, it provides an idea and an overview of the company. It also introduces the product or service the company aims to offer. Finally, it is a summary of the plan.
• Business description  – This is an elaboration of the company goals and objectives. It includes the market or industry the business belongs to, its target audience, etc. It can also provide information on the company structure and how it operates.
• Market research and analysis  – Market research is the concrete floor on which the business plan stands. It should include facts and figures and give the readers an understanding of the market, its preferences, classifications, and the number and size of competitors. Analyzing the market lets businesses identify a gap and fill it. The plan should also inform the market's acceptance of the product or service.
• Competitive analysis  – Competitors can make or break any business. Therefore, before entering the market, the businesses must evaluate how the competitors operate, their profits and costs, their offerings, etc. This will give the enterprise an idea of what it can do differently from the competitors to have the edge over them. This should be effectively communicated to the investors, as it might convince them of the venture's success.
• Marketing and sales plan  – The whole point of any business is to make sales. For this, they need marketing campaigns and strategies targeting the right audience with minimal cost but maximum returns. For example, a firm selling study tools and materials will target students, especially through social media. Like this, businesses should plan their campaigns and decide their advertising channels.
• Operating plan  – As the term implies, it talks about how the business is operated. The manufacturing and supply patterns, strategies like agile or lean, inventory approach, etc., decided by the management come under this. In addition, the expected quantity to be produced and supplied in a given period and the reverse logistics plan are good additions to the operating plan .
• Organization description  – This gives information on the total employees, departments, management qualifications, job description, and total skill set of the organization's human resources. The decided salary and wages, HR policies, etc., are also part of an organization's description.
• SWOT analysis  – SWOT analysis helps the business identify its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, which will help them choose the critical approach. The business should take advantage of its strengths and opportunities while simultaneously working on the weaknesses and finding the best strategy to deal with the threats. This will balance the company and its internal and external environment.
• Financials  – These refer to the financial projections, including the budget , estimated costs , payments, expected break-even point, payback period, etc. Forecasts on expected revenue and costs for at least one year or until the business breaks will be necessary. Also, the net capital requirements with proper accounting calculations must be part of the plan.
• Appendices  – This can include other important or relevant documents to prepare the plan. For example, financial documents, proof of people's acceptance of products, resumes of the management, study on competition, etc.

Presentation is as important as the content when firms draft the business plan. Therefore, it is best to add graphs, pie charts, 3D models, and other visuals, which will enhance the presentation and understandability of the plan. In addition, factual data and simple statistical tools can make the plan look genuine and instill investor confidence. 

Let us consider the following instances to understand the concept better:

Jack wants to establish a toy manufacturing business for which he requires considerable funding. However, to make sure the business idea is convincing enough for investors for them to take interest in the project, he designs a business plan. In the plan, he includes everything from the requirements to the sales promotion measures he would be using to make people, especially parents and kids, be aware of the products.

As a special mention, he specified that the material that would be used for manufacturing the toys will be kids-friendly and will have no chemical included that could harm kids even in a minute way. Given the features of the business, Jack tries to mention the strongest points that could help him get the funding from investors.

Sixteen experts from Forbes Business Council collectively listed a few ways in which entrepreneurs can leverage their business plans for making expansion decisions. The main components of preparing such plans range from conducting thorough research to setting realistic standard and ensuring regular reviews to check the progress status from time to time.

This example guides the entrepreneurs with no prior experience of how to write a business plan to understand the basics and accordingly present their ideas to the authorities/investors.

Creating a business plan is more important due to the negative impression its absence can cause rather than the benefits it might provide. The impression is what matters when it comes to a plan. So, let's understand the importance of making a good impression.

Perhaps the reason why most businesses make a plan is for the investors. These investors can be venture capitalists or financial institutions . For these investors, new ventures are like investments. Hence, before putting in money, they want to be sure if the investment will be worth it. 

Therefore, presenting all the important details in an understandable format helps them realize the clarity and the level of commitment the entrepreneurs have towards their business. The business plan writer should also give due to the executive summary and financials while creating the plan.

Secondly, every business needs a blueprint based on which it operates. It should govern the functions of a business and especially in decision-making. Usually, when a plan is created before the enterprise starts functioning, it speaks about the business and what it stands for. Even after the business takes off and expands, it should stick to its roots, which would evolve with the company's growth.

Making every stakeholder – employees, partners, suppliers, investors, etc. - aware of the plan would increase commitment and sense of belonging to the enterprise. This, too, is important to improve the productivity and contribution of everyone.

Business plan and business model are terms that are considered to be similar, but then, they differ in various aspects from what the emphasis is on to who they target.

Let us have a look at the differences between the two below:

• While a business plan is the document that details every aspect of the business to give investors or readers a complete and clear picture of what the business is or would be all about, a business model defines and describes the channel to be adopted to deliver products and services to consumers.
• The focus of the former is to cover information about every department, section, and services of the business and specify the functions, including sales and marketing, advertising, revenue predictions, etc. On the contrary, the business model emphasize sales funnels, marketing approach to be used, etc.
• Business plans are formulated for investors and other stakeholders of the business, while business models are created for the internal members of the business who have to take care of the distribution of products and services to customers.
• The plans of a business focus on defining and describing the products and services that a company is aiming to produce. On the other hand, the models discuss the ways in which the products and services can be delivered to consumers.

The elements of a business plan comprise an executive summary, company description, market research, competitive analysis, SWOT analysis, marketing strategy, operating plan, financial projections, etc.

Businesses create plans on their own by putting relevant content on paper and using their basic computer skills to make it look attractive. Ideally, plans are not expenses. Instead, they are created from the effort of the entrepreneurs.

All plans need not be highly visual. However, adequate data charts, graphs, 3-D models, etc., can make the document look attractive and creates an impression about the effort that has gone into furnishing the plan. It also increases the understandability of the document.

Businesses can draft plans for any period - maybe a year, three years, or just three months. Some plans are also created until the payback period. But it doesn't mean that the plan is rendered useless after the expiry of the period. On the contrary, a company should always have a constantly updated plan better suited to evolving needs.

This article is a guide to what is a Business Plan. Here, we explain the concept along with examples, components, importance, types, and vs business model. You can also go through our recommended articles on corporate finance –

• Business Strategy
• Business Plan Template
• Business Continuity Planning

The Business Guide to Customer Engagement Metrics and Analysis

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• Business Growth

Writing a Business Plan: A Guide for New and Experienced Entrepreneurs

For entrepreneurs, a business plan serves as a roadmap that outlines a company’s goals, strategies, and operational approach. It’s more than just a formality; having a well-structured plan can provide clear direction for decision making and increase the likelihood of long-term success.  

A full 93% of mid-sized business owners plan to obtain funding for new technology and equipment, showing the importance of long-term planning for a healthy, resilient business. Proactive preparation helps anticipate challenges, manage resources effectively, and align teams and stakeholders with a shared vision.

This guide breaks down the elements of a business plan, offering step-by-step insights for those looking to launch or grow a successful venture.

What is a Business Plan?

A business plan is a comprehensive document that sets out a company’s goals, strategies, and the steps needed to reach them. It serves as a roadmap, guiding businesses through each stage of their growth, from the initial idea to scaling operations. Typically, a business plan covers main sections, including market analysis, competitive landscape, target audience, marketing plan approach, and financial projections.

Beyond its role in securing funding, a business plan helps entrepreneurs change their ideas, evaluate market opportunities, and identify risks. It also serves as a tool for improving retention by aligning offerings with specific customer needs and adapting to market changes.

Benefits of a Business Plan

A solid business plan supports any company by enhancing decision-making, improving funding access, and building a competitive advantage. Here’s a closer look at its benefits:

Direction for Decision Making

A business plan sets clear goals and priorities, guiding founders and teams to make decisions that align with the company’s mission. This focused direction helps allocate resources efficiently and keeps the team on track, ensuring each choice supports long-term growth.

Attracting Investors and Funding

A well-structured plan demonstrates the business's potential to investors and lenders, providing a clear roadmap for growth and operational improvement, which builds confidence in its viability.

Operational Focus and Efficiency

With clear goals and detailed strategies, a business plan helps streamline operations by pinpointing gaps early and keeping the team focused on key customer engagement metrics and performance analysis. This alignment supports more efficient workflows and proactive decision-making.

Market Assessment and Competitive Positioning

A business plan helps you understand your target market and position your business effectively against competitors. It supports analysis of market trends and customer needs, guiding adjustments to improve market fit.

Resource Allocation

Teams can distribute resources more effectively, making sure that funds, time, and efforts are directed toward high-impact areas for growth.

Risk Management

Early identification of potential challenges prepares teams to manage risks and adapt strategies, strengthening resilience in a changing market.

How to Create a Business Plan

Crafting a business plan begins with a strong idea and builds toward a detailed, actionable strategy. Here are twelve steps to guide you through:

Step 1: Start with Your Business Idea

Begin by clarifying your core business idea, define what your business will offer, who it will serve, and what sets it apart. This step creates the foundation for your entire plan, aligning your vision from the start. If you’re a small business owner exploring options, here are business ideas to help inspire your next steps.

Step 2: Write the Executive Summary

Provide a brief overview of your business, including its purpose, target market, and goals. Summarize the highlights of each section to offer readers a quick snapshot of your plan. The executive summary should be concise yet compelling, capturing the essence of your business and demonstrating its potential for success. This section often serves as the first impression for investors or stakeholders, so make it impactful to encourage further interest in the detailed plan that follows.

Step 3: Define Your Company

Describe your company’s structure, mission, and vision, giving a clear picture of its foundational principles. Highlight what makes your business unique, such as a proprietary product, innovative approach, or market niche, and share any significant milestones or achievements that add to its credibility. This section should communicate your company’s identity and purpose, setting it apart in the eyes of investors, partners, and customers.

Step 4: Address Legal Considerations

Include the legal foundations of your business, such as your chosen business structure (e.g., LLC, corporation, sole proprietorship) and any required licenses or permits. Outline regulatory requirements specific to your industry, and detail any intellectual property protections like trademarks or patents. Covering these aspects helps prevent legal issues and reassures investors and stakeholders of the business’s compliance and integrity.

Step 5: Conduct Market Analysis

Research your target market thoroughly. Identify customer needs, analyze competitors, and study relevant market trends. This analysis helps you understand demand, pricing strategies, and areas for differentiation, setting a strong foundation for your business positioning.

Step 6: SWOT Analysis

In addition to market analysis, a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) provides a structured view of your business’s internal and external factors. Highlighting strengths, identifying areas for improvement, recognizing growth opportunities, and acknowledging potential threats creates a balanced assessment of your business’s position. This transparency strengthens credibility, demonstrating a realistic approach to navigating challenges and maximizing potential.

Step 7: Outline Organization and Management

Describe your business structure, ownership, and key personnel. Outline the roles and expertise of each team member, emphasizing their contributions to your business goals.

Step 8: Describe Products or Services

Provide details on your products or services, focusing on their unique features, stages of development, and how they solve customer problems. Highlight how these offerings can help capture market share by differentiating your business from competitors.

Step 9: Develop Your Marketing Strategy

Describe how you will reach and engage your ideal customer profile and attract potential customers. An effective marketing strategy builds brand awareness, generates demand, and helps capture market share. Outline your customer acquisition tactics, engagement metrics, and the specific channels that align with your target audience’s habits to show how these efforts will drive growth and sustain customer relationships.

Step 10: Draft a Funding Request

If seeking funding, specify your financial needs, intended use of funds, and expected impact on growth. Clarify your projections for returns on investment, showing how funding will drive a successful business.

Step 11: Prepare Financial Projections

Prepare a comprehensive financial projection covering revenue, expenses, and anticipated growth over the next three to five years. Presenting this data on a quarterly or yearly basis strengthens the demonstration of your business’s financial viability. Incorporating a break-even analysis within these projections further enhances your plan by showing when your business is expected to reach profitability—an essential metric for lenders and investors seeking assurance of your venture’s potential success.

Step 12: Compile the Appendix

Use this section for any additional documents, like team resumes, legal agreements, or product visuals, to provide extra context and depth.

Business Plan Formats

Business plans vary in length and detail, ranging from simple, one-page summaries to comprehensive, data-heavy documents. Choose a format that matches your audience and purpose here are some examples:

• Traditional Plan : Detailed and thorough, this format is ideal for complex businesses or when seeking significant investment. It includes in-depth sections on financials, market research, and competitive analysis.
• Lean Startup Plan: A shorter, focused document, helpful for quickly evaluating feasibility and developing small business ideas. This format highlights core assumptions and metrics to track early progress.
• One-Page Plan: A concise overview that summarizes points on a single page, suitable for early-stage planning or quick presentations. It’s the best way to communicate necessary information without overwhelming detail.
• Operational Plan: Primarily used internally, this format focuses on day-to-day operations, helping teams stay aligned on tasks and timelines. It includes specifics on staffing, workflows, and resource management.
• Growth Plan: Custom for expansion, this format includes strategies for growing operations, entering new markets, and increasing revenue. It also includes projections and market insights to guide the company’s future direction.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid When Writing a Business Plan

The strength of a business plan often lies in avoiding typical missteps. Make sure to be mindful of these pitfalls:

Overly Optimistic Projections

Projecting high revenue without factoring in potential setbacks can lead to unrealistic expectations. Expenses often rise unexpectedly, and without a buffer, financial stability can be at risk. A balanced approach to projections helps create a more sustainable financial outlook.

Ignoring Market Research

Market fit is fundamental for success. In fact, 42% of businesses fail due to a lack of market fit, highlighting the importance of thorough research as it uncovers trends and competitor strategies, helping to change your approach.

Forgetting Customer Retention

Strengthening customer relationship through retention drives sustainable growth. Loyal customers often generate more long-term revenue than new ones, making retention a strategic focus. Regular engagement and feedback collection from these customers can also inspire meaningful product improvements.

Lack of Flexibility

A rigid plan can become outdated as markets and customer needs change. Building in room for adjustments allows the business to adapt to changing conditions and new insights. Flexibility also helps in responding quickly to unforeseen challenges or opportunities. An adaptable plan keeps the company aligned with current trends and customer expectations.

Underestimating Financial Needs

Misjudging initial financial plan and ongoing funding requirements can derail operations. It's important to estimate realistic financial needs, including reserves for unexpected costs, to ensure adequate resources for growth and stability.

Overlooking Competitive Analysis

Focusing solely on your own offerings can blind you to competitors’ strengths. Understanding competitor positioning, pricing, and weaknesses allows for smarter differentiation and helps in capturing market share effectively.

Weak Marketing Strategy

A lackluster marketing approach can stifle growth, regardless of product quality. A well-defined strategy that targets ideal customers with the right channels is essential for brand visibility and customer acquisition.

Neglecting Team Dynamics and Culture

Overlooking the importance of team structure and company culture can impact employee retention and productivity. Aligning team roles and fostering a supportive culture contributes to long-term stability and operational efficiency.

Turning Plans into Actions: Steps for Meaningful Growth

A well-crafted business plan is more than just a tool for investors; it’s a comprehensive guide that aligns your strategies with customer satisfaction and high-quality service. The feel, felt, found approach can add depth to your planning, helping you empathize with customer concerns, offer solutions and adapt to changing market demands. Through detailed planning, you can better predict challenges and develop solutions that strengthen customer trust.  

A solid business plan serves as a roadmap for assessing progress, adapting to change, and driving sustainable growth. It’s an investment in resilience, helping you set clear priorities, make informed decisions, and build stronger connections with your customers. Starting fresh or refining an existing approach, a well-defined plan keeps you focused and prepared through each stage of growth.

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