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The Ultimate Guide to Acing the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam

By Eric Eng

The Ultimate Guide to Acing the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam

Ready to dive into the fascinating world of U.S. government and politics? Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a budding lawmaker, or just someone curious about how this whole democracy thing works, we’ve got your back! In this blog, we’re spilling the beans on how to ace the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam.

There is no need for fancy words or confusing jargon here – we’re breaking it down in plain and simple terms. So, grab your favorite study snack, kick back, and get ready to conquer the AP exam like a champ!

What is the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam?

The AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam is an Advanced Placement exam offered by the College Board that tests students’ understanding of the political concepts covered in the course units, including their ability to analyze foundational documents and apply Supreme Court decisions to real-life scenarios.

What is on the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam?

The AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam covers various topics related to the U.S. political system. It is designed to test your understanding of the principles, institutions, and processes that shape American government and politics.

The exam consists of two sections:

• Multiple-Choice Questions: This section tests your knowledge of key concepts, institutions, and U.S. government and political policies.
• Free-Response Questions: This section requires you to apply your knowledge and skills to answer questions based on real-world scenarios, analyze data, and write coherent responses.

When you sit for the exam, you can expect to encounter a variety of questions that assess your knowledge and analytical skills in the following areas:

Constitutional Underpinnings of U.S. Government

This section explores the origins and foundations of American government. It delves into the principles and ideas that influenced the creation of the U.S. Constitution, such as federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and individual rights. You will be asked to analyze primary source documents, such as the Constitution and the Federalist Papers, to understand the historical context and significance of these principles.

Political Beliefs and Behaviors

This section examines the factors that shape the political attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in the United States. You will explore topics such as political socialization, public opinion, political ideology, and the role of the media in shaping public perception. You may be asked to analyze data from public opinion polls, study the impact of demographic factors on voting patterns, or evaluate the influence of interest groups on policy outcomes.

Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media

In this section, you will study the role and function of political parties, interest groups, and the mass media in the American political system. You will analyze the strategies and tactics employed by political parties to mobilize voters and win elections. Additionally, you will examine the influence of interest groups in shaping public policy and the role of the media in disseminating political information and shaping public opinion.

Institutions of National Government

This section focuses on the three branches of the federal government: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. You will study the powers and responsibilities of each branch, as well as the checks and balances that exist between them. You may be asked to analyze Supreme Court cases, understand the role of Congress in the legislative process, or evaluate the powers of the presidency.

Public Policy

This section explores the policy-making process in the United States. You will study how policies are formulated, implemented, and evaluated at the federal level. You may be asked to analyze case studies or evaluate the effectiveness of specific policies in addressing societal issues, such as healthcare, education, or the environment.

Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

This section examines the protection of individual rights and liberties in the United States. You will study landmark Supreme Court cases that have shaped the interpretation of the Bill of Rights, such as Brown v. Board of Education and Roe v. Wade. You may be asked to analyze the impact of these decisions on society or evaluate the tension between individual rights and public order.

Overall, the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam is designed to assess your understanding of the complexities and nuances of the American political system. It requires thinking critically, analyzing primary and secondary sources, and applying your knowledge to real-world scenarios. By mastering the content and skills covered on the exam, you will gain a deeper understanding of the foundations and workings of the U.S. government and politics.

Format of the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam

How long is the ap u.s. government & politics exam.

The AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam is a comprehensive assessment that evaluates students’ understanding of the principles, institutions, and processes of the U.S. government and political system. The exam is designed to test students’ knowledge and analytical skills in this subject area.

The exam is divided into two sections, each with its own time limit:

• Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions – In this section, students are required to answer 55 multiple-choice questions within 80 minutes. These questions cover a wide range of topics, including the Constitution, political parties, interest groups, public opinion, and the branches of government. Students must carefully read each question and select the most appropriate answer from the given options.
• Section 2: Free-Response Questions – The second section of the exam consists of 4 free-response questions that must be completed within 100 minutes. These questions assess students’ ability to apply their knowledge of U.S. government and politics to real-world scenarios. Students are expected to analyze political concepts, interpret data, and construct well-reasoned arguments in their responses.

It is essential for students to manage their time effectively during the exam to ensure that they have enough time to complete both sections. Time management is crucial to allocate sufficient time to read and understand each question, formulate thoughtful responses, and review their answers before submitting the exam.

Let’s discuss these sections further in length:

Multiple-Choice Section

The multiple-choice section of the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam consists of 55 questions covering various topics related to the political landscape in the United States. The topics covered in the multiple-choice section include :

• Foundations of American Democracy: The historical and philosophical ideas underpinning the U.S. Constitution, and the compromises and conflicts that have continued to this day.
• Interactions Among Branches of Government: The distribution of power, and the checks and balances that keep each branch under control.
• Civil Liberties and Civil Rights : The freedoms and protections granted through the Constitution, specifically the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment, and the balance between liberty and social order.
• American Political Ideologies and Beliefs: The values and ideas held by both individuals and groups, the factors that influence these beliefs, and the impact of these ideologies on political outcomes.
• Political Participation: The role of citizens in the political process, including voting, campaigning, and engaging with political issues.
• Political Parties: The organization, goals, and strategies of political parties, as well as their impact on the political landscape.

The multiple-choice section is divided into two categories:

• Individual questions (no stimulus): Approximately 30 questions
• Set-based questions: Approximately 25 questions

The set-based questions cover the analysis of quantitative material, text-based primary and secondary sources, and qualitative visual information.

Tackling the Multiple-Choice Section

To tackle the multiple-choice section of the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, several strategies can be helpful. Here are some tips:

• Read the entire question: Read each question thoroughly before reviewing answer options. This will help you understand what the question is asking and prevent you from jumping to conclusions.
• Answer it in your mind first: After reading a question, answer it before reviewing the answer options. This will help you avoid talking yourself out of the correct answer.
• Eliminate wrong answers: Eliminate answer options that you are sure are incorrect before selecting the answer you think is correct. This will increase your chances of selecting the right answer.
• Monitor your time: You will have 80 minutes to complete 55 multiple-choice questions, so keeping track of your time and pacing yourself accordingly is essential.
• Focus on key topics: The multiple-choice questions cover various topics, but units 1, 2, and 5 comprise most of the content. Focus on these units when reviewing for the exam.
• Practice: Practice with sample questions and exams to get a feel for the questions that will be asked and to build your confidence.

Remember that the multiple-choice section is worth 50% of your exam score, so it is vital to approach it with a clear strategy and a solid understanding of the course material.

Free-Response Section

The free-response section of the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam consists of four questions, each of which is worth 12.5% of the total score . The questions cover various topics and require students to demonstrate their understanding of political concepts and ability to apply this knowledge to real-world scenarios .  The types of questions in the free-response section include:

• Concept Application: Students are given a political scenario and must explain the impact of a political “institution, behavior, or process” .
• Quantitative Analysis: This question type requires students to analyze and interpret data related to political concepts and processes .
• SCOTUS Comparison: Students are asked to compare and contrast a Supreme Court case with a current political issue or situation .
• Argument Essay: This question type requires students to construct a well-reasoned argument about a specific political topic or issue .

The free-response section lasts 1 hour and 40 minutes, accounting for 50% of the total AP Gov score, with each question worth 3-6 raw points . To excel in this section, students should practice writing essays that effectively address the prompts and demonstrate a deep understanding of the course material.

Tackling the Free-Response Section

To tackle the free-response section of the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, consider the following strategies:

• Time Management: Allocate your time wisely. For example, in the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, you have 60 minutes for the free-response questions, with 10 minutes for reading and planning. This leaves 50 minutes to answer one long question and two short questions .
• Partial Credit: Even if you are unsure of the complete answer, attempt to provide a response for each part of the free-response questions. Partial credit may be awarded for demonstrating some understanding of the concepts .
• Consistency: Remain consistent in your approach. If you encounter difficulty with one part of a free-response question, move on to the next part and maintain a consistent effort throughout the section .
• Connect Text to Self: In the AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam, students can use personal experiences to connect to the text, which can help them gain insights about the texts and culture. This strategy can be applied to other free-response questions as well .
• Practice with Past Questions: Utilize past free-response questions from the College Board website to practice and refine your test-taking abilities. This will familiarize you with the format and questions you may encounter on the exam .

Here are some samples from previous exams so you’d know what to expect:

Preparing for the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam involves not only studying the content but also practicing time management and familiarizing oneself with the exam format. By understanding the structure of the exam and developing effective strategies, students can approach the exam confidently and maximize their chances of success.

AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam Scoring Breakdown

The AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam is an assessment that measures students’ understanding of the principles, institutions, and processes of the United States government and political system. This exam plays a crucial role in determining a student’s proficiency in the subject and can potentially earn them college credit.

When scoring the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam, it is essential to understand how the exam is evaluated. The exam is scored on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest score achievable. This scoring system allows colleges and universities to assess a student’s level of mastery in the subject.

The exam has two sections: a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. The scoring breakdown for each section is as follows:

• 50% of the exam score
• Takes 1 hour and 20 minutes to complete
• Takes 1 hour and 40 minutes to complete

It is crucial for students to perform well in both sections of the exam to maximize their chances of receiving a high score. By thoroughly preparing for the multiple-choice questions and practicing the skills necessary for the free-response section, students can showcase their understanding of U.S. government and politics and increase their likelihood of earning a favorable score.

Scoring well on the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam not only demonstrates a student’s proficiency in the subject but can also lead to various benefits. A high score may result in earning college credit, which can save both time and money by allowing students to bypass introductory courses in college. Additionally, a strong score can enhance a student’s college applications and potentially open doors to scholarships and other academic opportunities.

Therefore, it is crucial for students to approach the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam with dedication, thorough preparation, and a solid understanding of the scoring breakdown. By doing so, students can confidently navigate the exam and increase their chances of achieving a desirable score.

Topics Covered in the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam

The AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam covers a variety of topics that are essential to understanding the U.S. political system. These topics delve into the intricate workings of the American government and provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the nation’s political landscape.

The College Board’s AP U.S. Government and Politics framework, as detailed in the Course and Exam Description (CED), highlights specific skills for students to hone over the academic year. These skills are designed to immerse students in the mindset and methodologies of political scientists, fostering their ability to think critically and engage actively in the field.

It is essential to have a solid understanding of these topics and their significance to perform well on the exam. Mastery of these concepts will prepare students for success on the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam and equip them with a deeper understanding of the American political system and their role as engaged citizens.

Why is the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam important?

The AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam is an important assessment tool that can greatly impact your academic and career path. A high score on the exam can help with:

• Acing the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam can earn you college credit. Many colleges and universities recognize high scores on AP exams as equivalent to completing introductory-level courses, allowing you to advance in your academic journey.
• Successfully navigating the exam showcases your ability to handle college-level coursework. It demonstrates skills in critical thinking, analysis, and understanding complex political concepts – all valuable in higher education.
• High scores on AP exams, including U.S. Government & Politics, can enhance your college applications. Admissions officers appreciate students who challenge themselves with rigorous coursework, and AP exams provide tangible evidence of such efforts.
• The exam delves deep into the U.S. government’s structures, processes, and principles. By preparing for and taking the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam, you gain a comprehensive understanding of the political landscape, fostering informed citizenship.
• Studying for this exam encourages civic engagement by promoting awareness of government functions, political processes, and the importance of active participation in a democratic society. It equips students to become informed and responsible citizens.
• The exam is designed to assess your knowledge of facts and your analytical and reasoning skills. This emphasis on critical thinking is crucial for success in higher education and future careers.
• The rigor of the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam mirrors the demands of college-level coursework. Taking and succeeding in AP courses helps you adjust to the academic expectations of higher education.
• A strong performance in the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam can lay a solid foundation and demonstrate a genuine interest in the subject for students considering majors or careers in political science, law, public policy, or related fields.
• Engaging with the material and preparing for the exam fosters a love for learning about the political landscape. This commitment to lifelong learning is an essential trait for success in any field.
• Global Perspectives:
• Understanding the U.S. government’s structure and functions contributes to a broader understanding of global politics. It equips students to analyze the role of the United States on the international stage.

How hard is the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam?

The difficulty level of the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam can vary depending on individual strengths and weaknesses. However, with proper preparation and study habits, the exam is manageable. It is important to start preparing early and develop a study plan that works best for you.

What factors affect the difficulty of the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam?

Several factors can influence the difficulty of the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam, including:

• The exam covers a broad and complex range of content, including government structures, political ideologies, and the functioning of political institutions. The depth and breadth of this content can pose a challenge for some students.
• Success in the exam is not solely dependent on rote memorization; it demands a deep understanding of concepts and the ability to analyze political scenarios critically. Students are expected to apply their knowledge to real-world situations, requiring a higher level of thinking.
• The exam assesses how well students can grasp the interconnectedness of political concepts. Understanding how different branches of government, political ideologies, and public policies interact requires a holistic comprehension of the subject.
• The exam includes various question formats, such as multiple-choice, free-response, and document-based questions. This diversity demands adaptability in test-taking skills and the ability to navigate different types of assessments.
• Historical context is crucial in understanding the U.S. government’s and political institutions’ evolution. Students must integrate historical knowledge with contemporary issues, requiring a multifaceted understanding of the subject.
• Free-response questions often require students to write essays or responses that demand solid analytical writing skills. This includes constructing clear arguments, providing evidence, and articulating well-reasoned conclusions.
• Staying informed about current political events is essential for success on the exam. Questions may reference recent developments, and students are expected to connect their knowledge to ongoing political realities.
• The availability of resources, the quality of teaching, and the depth of coverage in the classroom can impact a student’s preparedness. Schools with robust AP programs and experienced teachers may provide a more supportive learning environment.
• A student’s level of interest and engagement with the subject matter can significantly affect their ability to grasp and retain complex political concepts. Genuine interest often correlates with increased effort and success in learning.
• The effectiveness of a student’s preparation strategies, including study habits, review techniques, and practice exams, plays a vital role. Well-organized and consistent preparation tends to yield better results.
• Students with prior exposure to political science concepts through coursework or personal interest may find certain aspects of the exam less challenging. However, the exam is designed to be accessible to students without formal prior knowledge.
• Time Management Skills:
• The time constraints of the exam can be challenging. Effective time management during the test is critical, especially considering the need to answer various question types within a limited timeframe.

Who should take the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam?

The AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam is well-suited for various students interested in understanding the complexities of the United States government and political processes. Here are the individuals who might find value in taking the exam:

• Those with a genuine interest in political science, government structures, and the functioning of political institutions.
• Students planning to major in political science or related fields in college can benefit from the foundational knowledge provided by the exam.
• Individuals with aspirations for careers in government, public service, or politics, seeking a solid understanding of the U.S. political system.
• Students considering law school may find the exam beneficial as it provides insights into the legal and constitutional foundations of the U.S. government.
• Those passionate about civic engagement and understanding how government decisions impact society.
• Generally, high school seniors who have completed or are currently enrolled in an AP U.S. Government & Politics course wish to challenge themselves academically.
• Individuals who enjoy staying informed about current political events and wish to deepen their understanding of the historical and constitutional context.
• Students preparing for college who want to demonstrate their academic rigor and commitment to challenging coursework on their college applications .
• Those who enjoy social studies want to expand their knowledge of U.S. government structures beyond basic civics.
• Individuals who enjoy critical thinking, analysis, and discussing political issues in depth.
• Students interested in American history, as the exam often contextualizes political developments within a historical framework.
• Anyone curious about how the U.S. government operates, the roles of different branches, and the impact of political decisions.
• Those exploring potential academic interests and wanting exposure to political science before entering college.
• Aspiring policy analysts or individuals interested in understanding the formulation and impact of public policies.
• Those Seeking College Credit:
• Students looking to earn college credit by demonstrating proficiency in U.S. government and politics.

Do colleges care about the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam?

Yes! Colleges often care about the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam, and performance on the exam can impact college admissions in several ways:

• Taking and succeeding in AP courses, including U.S. Government & Politics, demonstrates a commitment to academic rigor. Colleges appreciate students who challenge themselves with advanced coursework.
• A high AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam score may allow students to earn college credit. This can allow them to advance in their college curriculum, potentially saving time and money.
• Including successful completion of AP courses and exams in college applications strengthens a student’s academic profile. It showcases a willingness to engage with challenging material and succeed in a college-level environment.
• Some high schools factor AP course grades into a weighted GPA, allowing students to boost their GPA and demonstrate their ability to excel in more challenging courses.
• Success on the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam signals to colleges that a student is prepared for the demands of college-level coursework. It can serve as an indicator of a student’s readiness for the academic challenges of higher education.
• For students considering majors in political science, law, public policy, or related fields, performing well on the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam demonstrates a genuine interest and foundational knowledge.
• Some colleges have specific course requirements for certain majors or programs. Earning credit through AP exams can help fulfill these requirements, allowing students to dive into more advanced coursework sooner.
• In the competitive landscape of college admissions, excelling in AP courses and exams can provide a competitive edge. It distinguishes students who seek out and thrive in challenging academic environments.
• Some scholarships consider academic achievements, including success in AP courses and exams, as part of their criteria. A solid academic record can enhance a student’s eligibility for various scholarship opportunities.
• Preparation for Future Studies:
• For students considering majors or careers that involve a strong understanding of political structures, law, or public policy, success in the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam can lay a solid foundation for future studies.

It’s important to note that while success on the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam can positively impact college admissions, it is one of many factors considered during the admissions process.

Colleges typically review a holistic set of criteria, including GPA, standardized test scores, extracurricular activities, letters of recommendation, and personal essays. Each college may weigh these factors differently in its admissions decisions.

How to register for the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam

To register for the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam, follow these steps:

• Typically, students take an AP U.S. Government & Politics course at their high school. Speak with your school counselor or AP coordinator to confirm enrollment in the corresponding AP class.
• Your AP teacher or coordinator will provide you with a join code for your class. This code is essential for accessing AP resources and registering for the exam.
• Go to the College Board’s AP website , create a new account, or log in to your existing one. This account will be used to register for the exam and access your scores.
• Once logged in, access the AP Classroom using the join code provided by your teacher. AP Classroom is an online platform that offers resources and information about your AP class.
• In AP Classroom, review the AP Bulletin for Students and Parents. This document provides essential information about exam policies, dates, and what to bring on exam day.
• Your AP teacher or coordinator will guide you through registering for the exam. This may involve completing certain tasks on the AP Classroom platform.
• Exam fees vary, and some schools cover part or all of the costs. Your school will provide information about the fees and the payment process. If applicable, submit the required fees by the deadline.
• Your exam schedule, including the date and time of your AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam, will be provided by your school. Make sure to mark the date on your calendar.
• Review the AP Exam Day policies in the AP Bulletin as the exam date approaches. Ensure you know what to bring, what not to bring, and other important details.
• If you have been approved for accommodations due to a documented disability, confirm with your school that these accommodations will be provided on exam day.
• Many schools offer review sessions or additional support leading up to the exam. Take advantage of these opportunities to reinforce your understanding of the material.
• On the exam day, arrive at the designated location on time. Follow all your school’s exam day instructions, and do your best on the test.

Remember that the specific process may vary slightly from school to school, so it’s crucial to communicate with your AP teacher or coordinator for detailed information about the registration process at your school. Additionally, stay informed about deadlines and any updates regarding exam administration.

How to study for the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam

Studying for the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam requires a strategic and comprehensive approach to cover the broad range of content and develop the analytical skills needed for success. Here’s a guide to help you prepare effectively:

• . Understand the Exam Format: Familiarize yourself with the exam format, including the types of questions (multiple-choice, free-response, and document-based questions), time constraints, and scoring guidelines. This understanding will guide your study plan.
• Create a Study Schedule: Develop a study schedule that spans the entire preparation period. Allocate specific times for different topics, and be realistic about your study habits. Consistency is key.
• Review Course Materials: Go through your class notes, textbooks, and any additional materials provided by your teacher. Ensure you have a solid grasp of key concepts, historical events, and the structure of the U.S. government.
• Use Review Books and Resources: Invest in a reputable AP U.S. Government & Politics review book. These resources often provide concise summaries, practice questions, and test-taking strategies. Online platforms like Khan Academy and College Board’s AP Classroom are also valuable.
• Practice with Past Exams: Work through past AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam papers to familiarize yourself with the question formats and time constraints. Analyze your responses using scoring guidelines to identify areas for improvement.
• Create Concept Maps and Diagrams: Visual aids can help reinforce complex concepts. Create concept maps, diagrams, and charts to illustrate relationships between different branches of government, political ideologies, and historical events.
• Form Study Groups: Collaborate with classmates to discuss concepts, share insights, and quiz each other. Explaining concepts to others can enhance your understanding, and group discussions can provide different perspectives.
• Use Flashcards for Key Terms: Create flashcards for essential terms, definitions, and key concepts. Review these regularly to reinforce your memory and quicken recall during the exam.
• Watch Educational Videos: Supplement your reading with educational videos. Platforms like YouTube offer content explaining government processes, historical events, and political theories in an engaging format.
• Stay Informed About Current Events: The exam often includes questions related to current events. Stay updated on political news and analyze how recent developments may connect to broader political concepts.
• Practice Writing Essays: Work on your essay-writing skills by practicing free-response questions. Pay attention to crafting clear, concise, and well-organized responses. Practice under timed conditions to simulate the exam environment.
• Review Supreme Court Cases: Familiarize yourself with landmark Supreme Court cases and their implications. Understand the legal reasoning behind decisions and how they have influenced the U.S. government and society.
• Utilize Online Resources: Explore online resources such as podcasts, blogs, and interactive simulations that cover U.S. government and politics. These can provide additional perspectives and insights.
• Seek Help When Needed: If you encounter challenges with specific topics, don’t hesitate to seek help from your teacher, classmates, or online resources. Understanding foundational concepts is crucial for success.
• Take Care of Yourself: Prioritize self-care, especially as the exam date approaches. Ensure you get adequate sleep, eat well, and manage stress. A healthy mind and body contribute to effective studying.
• Review and Adjust Your Plan: Regularly review your study plan and assess your progress. Adjust your approach based on areas that need more attention. Be flexible and adaptive in your preparation.

The day of the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam can be nerve-wracking, but with these tips, you can approach the exam with confidence:

• Get a good night’s sleep: Make sure you are well-rested the night before the exam to ensure optimal focus and concentration.
• Eat a balanced meal: Fuel your brain with a nutritious meal before the exam to maintain energy levels throughout the day.
• Arrive early: Give yourself ample time to travel to the exam location and avoid any unnecessary stress.
• Read the instructions carefully: Before diving into the exam, thoroughly read the instructions for each section to understand what is expected of you.
• Manage your time: Keep an eye on the time during the exam to ensure you have enough time to complete all sections. Pace yourself accordingly.
• Stay positive and confident: Believe in yourself and your abilities. Remember that you have put in the effort to prepare for this exam.

When is the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam in 2024?

For a complete list of the 2024 AP Exam dates, here’s a full list:

When do AP scores come out?

AP scores are typically released in early to mid-July of the year the exams were taken. The exact release date may vary slightly from year to year, but students who took their AP exams in May can generally expect their scores to become available.

You can check for updates on the College Board’s official AP scores website if you are waiting for your AP scores. They will also email you when your scores are added to your score report. If you haven’t received your scores by mid-August, contacting AP Services for Students is recommended for assistance.

Post-exam tips

Once the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam is over, there are a few things you can do to reflect on your performance and make the most of your experience:

• Reflect on your strengths and weaknesses: Identify areas where you performed well and areas where you can improve. This can guide your future studies and help you focus on necessary skills.
• Seek feedback: Talk to your teacher about your performance and ask for feedback on your essays. Understanding your strengths and weaknesses can inform your future studies in U.S. government and politics.
• Celebrate your hard work: Regardless of the outcome, acknowledge the effort you put into preparing for the exam. Treat yourself to something enjoyable as a reward for your dedication.
• Continue learning: Use the knowledge you gained from studying for the exam as a foundation for further exploration of the U.S. government and politics. Engage in current events and consider taking advanced courses in the subject.

And there you have it, rockstars! You’ve just unlocked the secrets to owning the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam. From understanding the branches of government to answering those tricky essay questions, you’re armed with the knowledge to shine on exam day.

Remember, it’s not just about memorizing facts; it’s about seeing the big picture. So, take a deep breath, believe in yourself, and march into that exam room with confidence. You’ve put in the work, and now it’s time to showcase your brilliance.

Whether you’re dreaming of a future in politics or just curious about the ins and outs of Uncle Sam’s world, this journey has been about more than just passing a test. It’s about becoming an informed citizen ready to tackle the challenges of our ever-changing world.

So go on, give yourself a high-five, take a well-deserved break, and know that you’re stepping into that exam room as a superhero of U.S. Government & Politics. Best of luck, and remember – you’re destined for greatness!

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By following this ultimate guide, you can approach the AP U.S. Government & Politics Exam with confidence and maximize your chances of success. Remember to be diligent in your preparation, manage your time effectively during the exam, and maintain a positive mindset throughout the process. Good luck!

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AP US Government FRQ

Ap government free response.

Check out the following resources for the AP Gov FRQ. Be sure to watch these strategy videos and work through all of the free response practice questions.

Official Sample FRQ

Frq strategy videos, how to write ap gov frqs, argumentative essay.

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Lesson Plan: AP Government: Argumentative Essay Practice

The Federalist Papers

Boston College professor Mary Sarah Bilder gives a brief overview backgrounding the Federalist Papers

Description

This is intended as an end-of-course review activity for practice with the argumentative essay format included on the AP United States Government and Politics exam since the 2018 redesign. Eleven practice prompts are provided, reflecting content from Units 1-3.

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY PROMPT ANALYSIS

• Review the provided Argumentative Essay Prompts in either an individual or jigsaw format.
• Write a thesis statement for your selected prompt(s) and identify the selection you would make from the provided list and the second piece of evidence you would choose.
• If there are prompts for which you struggle to develop a thesis, or items on the bulleted lists with which you are not conversant, use the hyperlinked C-SPAN Classroom resources to extend your understanding of the required founding documents and SCOTUS cases that you found challenging.

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

• Chose one or more of the provided Argumentative Essay Prompts , as assigned, and use the planning and exploration you did above to write a full essay in response to your designated prompt(s) in 25 or fewer minutes , since that's the time limit you'll face on the AP Exam!
• Exchange essays with a classmate and evaluate each others' work.
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The Complete Guide to AP US Government FRQs

Advanced Placement (AP)

Free-response questions, or FRQs, on the AP US Government exam are more straightforward than those on some other AP tests, but they can still be tough if you're not ready for them. In this guide, we will lay out a simple step-by-step method for answering AP Government FRQs , go through a real example, and tell you where you can find additional practice resources.

AP Government Free-Response Section Format

The free-response section lasts one hour and 40 minutes and consists of four questions , each of which is worth 12.5% of your total score. So as a whole, the free-response section accounts for half your total AP Gov score (the other 50% comes from the multiple-choice section). Each FRQ is worth 3-6 raw points.

Here are the four types of FRQs you'll get on the AP Government exam:

• Concept Application (3 raw points)
• Quantitative Analysis (4 raw points)
• SCOTUS Comparison (4 raw points)
• Argument Essay (6 raw points)

The free-response questions will ask you to integrate your knowledge of the various content areas covered by the course. This includes analyzing political events in the US, discussing examples, and demonstrating your understanding of general principles of US government and politics. You'll also be asked to examine data from charts, define key terms, and explain the roles that different parts of our government play in the political system.

The following chart shows specifically what you must do for each FRQ on the AP Government test. All info below comes from the 2020 AP US Government and Politics Course and Exam Description .

AP Government FRQs: 5-Step Solution Process

This section provides a step-by-step process for answering any question on the AP US Government exam. Here's a sample question from the 2020 AP Gov Course and Exam Description that I'll reference throughout so you can see how these steps might work in practice:

Step 1: Read the Introductory and Concluding Sentences

Free-response questions #1 and #3 will include passages, while question #2 will have an image or a chart with data. Skim the first and final sentences of the passage (or title of the graphic for #2) before you get to the tasks (labeled A-C or A-D). This will help you get a rough sense of what to expect in the rest of the question.

It's a good idea to read the intros and conclusions to all the FRQs before choosing which one to begin with. Doing this might help build up your confidence and improve your efficiency to start with a question that's easier for you.

In the sample question above, you would read the title of the graphic ("Public Education Spending: Amount Spent per Pupil by State in 2014") and then skim the image itself to get a sense of what it's asking you to analyze.

Step 2: Identify (and Underline, If You Want) the Command Verb

For each task in each FRQ, you're given specific instructions on the type of answer that is expected; these instructions include command verbs that tell you what to do. It's important to be aware of exactly what the question is asking so you can earn full points.

These command verbs are the first words you should zero in on as you approach a question. If you think it'll help keep you focused, you can underline these verbs .

Here are the most commonly used task verbs, as described in the AP Gov Exam Description :

Compare: Provide a description or explanation of similarities and/or differences.

Define: Provide a specific meaning for a word or concept.

Describe: Provide the relevant characteristics of a specified topic.

Develop an argument: Articulate a claim and support it with evidence.

Draw a conclusion: Use available information to formulate an accurate statement that demonstrates understanding based on evidence.

Explain: Provide information about how or why a relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome occurs, using evidence and/or reasoning. Explain "how" typically requires analyzing the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome, whereas explain "why" typically requires analysis of motivations or reasons for the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome.

Identify: Indicate or provide information about a specified topic, without elaboration or explanation.

In part A of the sample question, the command verb is "identify," indicating that you need to correctly interpret the data in the image. In part B, the command verb changes to "describe," which means you'll need to go one step further and interpret and analyze data in the graphic that you have found.

Part C starts with "draw a conclusion," meaning that you will need to tie together the evidence you found in part B to come up with a final (accurate) statement on what this means. Finally, part D begins with the task verb "explain," showing that you must make a clear connection between the data in this graphic as a whole and the principle of federalism.

Step 3: Know Where You'll Earn Your Raw Points

In general, each part in a question (A, B, C, and D) will correspond to 1 raw point , but not all questions are like this.

After finding the task verb in the part of the question you're answering, take note of how many examples or descriptions you need to provide , as each will likely correspond to a point in your raw score for the question. There might also be more than one task verb in a question, in which case you'll likely get at least 2 raw points for it.

As a reminder, here is the maximum number of raw points you can earn for each question (don't forget that each question is still worth the same percentage of your score: 12.5%):

Take care to answer the question thoroughly but directly , addressing all points in a way that will make it easy for graders to assess your response. Remember that you don't need to write an essay for the first three FRQs, so just go straight for the answer to avoid any ambiguity.

In the sample question, we know there will be 4 raw points you can earn. And since the tasks are divided into four parts (labeled A-D), we can assume that each part will be worth 1 raw point .

You can see more sample FRQs and how they're graded with the official scoring guidelines here .

Step 4: Reread Your Answer

Once you've come up with an answer, reread what you wrote to ensure it makes sense and addresses the question completely . Did you give the correct number of descriptions or examples asked of you? Does your answer directly respond to what the question is asking?

If you're satisfied, move on to the next part of the question and return to step 2!

Step 5: Pace Yourself

The final step is to keep track of time so you can be sure you're pacing yourself effectively and are not spending too much time on any one question. As a reminder, you'll have one hour and 40 minutes for the entire free-response section of the AP Government exam.

It's suggested that you spend the following amounts of time on each FRQ:

As you can see, you should spend about an equal amount of time on the first three FRQs and save most of your time for your essay , which will likely require the most effort of the four.

A Real AP Government FRQ Example + Analysis

Now, let's go through the answers to a real AP Government free-response question from the 2019 released questions to show you what your responses should look like. This question is an example of a Concept Application question on the exam, meaning it's worth 3 raw points (1 point each for parts A, B, and C).

This question is all about the Johnson Amendment, which does not allow religious organizations to engage in political activities and contribute money to political campaigns. As this passage explains, the Alliance Defending Freedom, a religious group, encourages pastors to challenge this law by participating in an annual event called Pulpit Freedom Sunday.

Below, we go through how to answer each of the three parts correctly using the scoring guidelines .

Part A—1 Point

Part A asks you to come up with an example of a specific action Congress could take to address the concerns of the Alliance Defending Freedom. In other words, what could Congress do to allow groups such as the Alliance Defending Freedom to speak freely about political campaigns?

Note that the command verb used here is "describe," meaning you must "provide the relevant characteristics of a specified topic," or elaborate on what you're proposing and why it would work.

There are two possible answers you could put down here, according to the scoring guidelines:

• Congress could pass a law that would reverse the Johnson Amendment.
• Congress could pass a law to allow religious organizations to participate more directly in politics.

Part B—1 Point

Part B asks you to go into more detail about what you proposed in part A . You must talk about how partisan divisions (i.e., differences in political parties among politicians) could stop whatever you proposed in part A from going into effect (whether that's a new law altogether or a reversal of the original Johnson Amendment).

The task verb used here is "explain," so you must use evidence to show how the action you wrote down in part A could be blocked or reversed.

Here are two possible answers , according to the scoring guidelines:

• Partisan divisions make it more difficult to pass a law because parties adhere to different ideological points of view.
• If Congress and the president are from different political parties, the president might threaten to veto the legislation.

Part C—1 Point

The final part of this free-response question asks you to examine the scenario again, this time from the perspective of the Alliance Defending Freedom , or the religious group in question.

How might the Alliance argue that the Johnson Amendment, which prevents them from speaking on political issues and contributing money to political campaigns, is taking away their rights?

The key here is to first think about what rights these could be . Perhaps freedom of speech or freedom of religion? As you probably noticed, the task verb is "explain," so once again you must use plenty of evidence to show why this contentious relationship exists between the Alliance and the Johnson Amendment/the US government as a whole.

Here are examples of answers you could write, according to the official scoring guidelines:

• The Alliance Defending Freedom and other religious groups might argue that their First Amendment rights are being violated.
• The Alliance Defending Freedom and other religious groups might argue that their freedom of speech/religion is being violated.

Essential Resources for Practicing AP US Government FRQs

There are several resources you can use to hone your skills for answering AP Government FRQs.

Official College Board Resources

The College Board website hosts free-response questions from previous tests that you can use for practice. I recommend starting with the 2019 FRQs (unfortunately, they don't come with sample student responses), as these will look the most like the questions you'll get on test day.

Once you've used those, you can look at FRQs from the 2018 test and earlier; most of these come with sample student responses so you can see what a good response looks like.

If you're hoping to practice FRQs in the context of a full-length test, here are some links to past AP Government exams you can download (as always, prioritize the most recent tests):

• 2018 Practice Test
• 2013 Practice Test
• 2012 Practice Test
• 2009 Practice Test
• 2005 Practice Test
• 1999 Practice Test

These are by far the best sample AP US Government free-response questions you can get because they most accurately represent what you'll see on the real test.

AP Government Review Books

AP Government review books are also solid resources for free-response practice, though they vary a lot in quality.

The Princeton Review's prep book for AP Gov includes five full-length practice tests , so there should be tons of free-response questions you can use to hone your skills. Barron's AP US Gov review book also has some useful practice tests and free-response questions.

If you use these unofficial free-response questions for practice, just be sure to intersperse them with official questions from the College Board so that you maintain an accurate sense of what to expect on the real test.

Recap: Everything to Know About AP US Government FRQs

The four free-response questions on the AP US Government and Politics exam can be approached methodically to earn the maximum number of points.

Read the intro and conclusion to the question first so you can get your bearings. Then, for each of the separate parts, identify the task verb, figure out where you'll earn your raw points, and double-check your answer for any missing pieces or careless errors.

You should also pace yourself so that you're spending no more than 20 minutes each on the first three questions and 40 minutes on the essay.

I suggest practicing at least a few free-response questions before heading into the AP exam. The best resource to use is the College Board website, which contains an archive of past questions accompanied by scoring guidelines and sample student responses. These questions are pretty simple compared to the free-response questions on other AP tests once you get the hang of them!

What's Next?

Not sure where to begin in your AP prep? Our five-step plan will prepare you to take on any AP test .

If you're missing some of your notes that you need to study for AP Gov, check out this article with links to all the content you need to know for the test . You can also learn about the test as a whole with our comprehensive AP Government and Politics review guide .

Do you have a target score in mind for this exam? Learn more about what it takes to earn a 5 on an AP test and whether you should aim for one yourself.

These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

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Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar.

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AP US Government and Politics Free Response Strategies

Overview of the ap us government and politics exam.

Every AP U.S. Government and Politics exam will contain the same four free-response question (FRQ) types, always in the following order:

• Concept Application : Apply government and politics concepts to a scenario described in a paragraph.
• Quantitative Analysis : Interpret data from an information graphic, and apply the data to government and politics concepts.
• SCOTUS Comparison : Compare a provided description of a non-required Supreme Court case to a required Supreme Court case.
• Argument Essay : Construct an essay with a thesis, support it with evidence, and respond to a view that opposes the thesis.

AP US Government and Politics Writing Strategies

Step 1: analyze the prompt.

• The stimulus. The first three prompts will all include a stimulus, paragraph(s) or an information graphic that serves as the base of the questions that follow. Whether text or visual, analyze the stimulus just as carefully as you do the questions themselves. Take notes, underline key facts, and mark data trends. Most of the questions will be based directly on information from the stimulus, so it is essential to fully understand the stimulus.
• The content of the questions. Consider exactly what topics the questions address. Underline key terms and requirements. Some prompt parts might ask for more than one item—perhaps a “similarity” and a “conclusion based on the similarity”—so make sure you address them all. Read all the questions before starting work on your responses; often, the questions ask for related information or build upon each other, so understanding the set as a whole will help you plan out your response.
• identify : point out a trend or piece of information
• describe : fully lay out the details of something
• explain : describe something, including why or how factors (e.g., what causes it, why it’s important)
• analyze : explain something, considering multiple perspectives, and assert a claim based on evidence and logic

Step 2: Plan Your Response

• Think about what you will write for each part of each prompt. Jot down brief notes—phrases and/or examples—for each part.
• When asked to describe, discuss , or explain , see if you can come up with an example to help support your response.
• Double check your notes against the prompt to make sure you didn’t skip any required tasks.
• Devote an appropriate amount of time to each part, depending on the complexity of the required task. (Parts that only ask you to identify something will require less time than parts that ask you to explain or describe .)

Step 3: Action! Write Your Response

Step 4: proofread.

Learn more about each free response question on the AP U.S. Government and Politics exam. Concept Application   •  Quantitative Analysis   •  SCOTUS Comparison   •  Argument Essay

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Free-Response Essays on the AP® U.S. Government and Politics Exam

The AP ® U.S. Government and Politics exam covers a breadth of topics surrounding the cultural, political, and social changes in U.S. History. The exam itself contains four free-response questions that require students to write two essays. They are:

• Concept Application
• Quantitative Analysis
• SCOTUS Comparison
• Argument Essay

To make sure that you nail these essays, it’s crucial that you know what to expect from each one. That’s why we want to walk you through what exactly is on the AP ® U.S. Government and Politics exam, as well as what you’ll see in the free-response section.

What’s on the AP ® U.S. Government and Politics exam?

The AP ® U.S. Government and Politics exam tests students on their knowledge of the United States governing bodies, processes, policies, and history.

The course itself will go over five units covering the following topics:

• Foundations of American Democracy
• Interactions Among Branches of Government
• Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
• American Political Ideologies and Beliefs
• Political Participation

Students have 3 hours and 15 minutes to complete the exam. There is a 1 hour and 20-minute multiple-choice section, followed by a 1 hour and 40-minute free-response section. A full breakdown of each section is provided below:

Now that we know how the exam is broken down, let’s take a deeper look into the free-response essays on the AP ® U.S. Government and Politics exam.

Breakdown: Free-response essays on the AP ® U.S. Government and Politics exam

There are four questions students must answer with an essay on the AP ® U.S. Government and Politics exam.

The questions are:

• Concept Application. Students are given a political scenario and must explain the impact of a political “institution, behavior, or process.”
• Quantitative Analysis. Students are given a piece of quantitative data, and they must show how that data relates to a political process.
• SCOTUS Comparison. Students are tasked with comparing a non-required Supreme Court case with a required one and showing how they’re relevant to one another.
• Argument Essay. Students must craft an argument essay based on required documents and evidence.

College Board suggests that students take at least 20 minutes to answer each question during the allotted time.

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That’s why it’s important that you take practice tests to help you get better at the AP ® U.S. Government and Politics Exam. Only then can you expect to get a good score and improve.

That’s why we want to help. Marco Learning has created a host of resources to help you prepare for AP ® exams, including video lessons, study guides, drills, and, most importantly, practice tests.

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• To send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use, or re-use any material that does not comply with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use.
• To transmit, or procure the sending of, any advertising or promotional material, including any “junk mail”, “chain letter”, “spam”, or any other similar solicitation.
• To impersonate or attempt to impersonate the Company, a Company employee, another user, or any other person or entity (including, without limitation, by using email addresses or screen names associated with any of the foregoing).
• To engage in any other conduct that restricts or inhibits anyone’s use or enjoyment of the Website, or which, as determined by us, may harm the Company or users of the Website or expose them to liability.

Additionally, you agree not to:

• Use the Website in any manner that could disable, overburden, damage, or impair the site or interfere with any other party’s use of the Website, including their ability to engage in real time activities through the Website.
• Use any robot, spider, or other automatic device, process, or means to access the Website for any purpose, including monitoring or copying any of the material on the Website.
• Use any manual process to monitor or copy any of the material on the Website or for any other unauthorized purpose without our prior written consent.
• Use any device, software, or routine that interferes with the proper working of the Website.
• Introduce any viruses, Trojan horses, worms, logic bombs, or other material that is malicious or technologically harmful.
• Attempt to gain unauthorized access to, interfere with, damage, or disrupt any parts of the Website, the server on which the Website is stored, or any server, computer, or database connected to the Website.
• Attack the Website via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of-service attack.
• Otherwise attempt to interfere with the proper working of the Website.

If you use, or assist another person in using the Website in any unauthorized way, you agree that you will pay us an additional $50 per hour for any time we spend to investigate and correct such use, plus any third party costs of investigation we incur (with a minimum $300 charge). You agree that we may charge any credit card number provided for your account for such amounts. You further agree that you will not dispute such a charge and that we retain the right to collect any additional actual costs.

User Contributions

The Website may contain message boards, chat rooms, personal web pages or profiles, forums, bulletin boards, and other interactive features (collectively, “ Interactive Services “) that allow users to post, submit, publish, display, or transmit to other users or other persons (hereinafter, “ post “) content or materials (collectively, “ User Contributions “) on or through the Website.

All User Contributions must comply with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use.

Any User Contribution you post to the site will be considered non-confidential and non-proprietary. By providing any User Contribution on the Website, you grant us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors, and assigns the right to use, reproduce, modify, perform, display, distribute, and otherwise disclose to third parties any such material for any purpose.

You represent and warrant that:

• You own or control all rights in and to the User Contributions and have the right to grant the license granted above to us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors, and assigns.
• All of your User Contributions do and will comply with these Terms of Use.

You understand and acknowledge that you are responsible for any User Contributions you submit or contribute, and you, not the Company, have full responsibility for such content, including its legality, reliability, accuracy, and appropriateness.

For any academic source materials such as textbooks and workbooks which you submit to us in connection with our online tutoring services, you represent and warrant that you are entitled to upload such materials under the “fair use” doctrine of copyright law. In addition, if you request that our system display a representation of a page or problem from a textbook or workbook, you represent and warrant that you are in proper legal possession of such textbook or workbook and that your instruction to our system to display a page or problem from your textbook or workbook is made for the sole purpose of facilitating your tutoring session, as “fair use” under copyright law.

You agree that we may record all or any part of any live online classes and tutoring sessions (including voice chat communications) for quality control and other purposes. You agree that we own all transcripts and recordings of such sessions and that these Terms of Use will be deemed an irrevocable assignment of rights in all such transcripts and recordings to us.

We are not responsible or liable to any third party for the content or accuracy of any User Contributions posted by you or any other user of the Website.

Monitoring and Enforcement: Termination

We have the right to:

• Remove or refuse to post any User Contributions for any or no reason in our sole discretion.
• Take any action with respect to any User Contribution that we deem necessary or appropriate in our sole discretion, including if we believe that such User Contribution violates the Terms of Use, including the Content Standards, infringes any intellectual property right or other right of any person or entity, threatens the personal safety of users of the Website or the public, or could create liability for the Company.
• Disclose your identity or other information about you to any third party who claims that material posted by you violates their rights, including their intellectual property rights or their right to privacy.
• Take appropriate legal action, including without limitation, referral to law enforcement, for any illegal or unauthorized use of the Website.
• Terminate or suspend your access to all or part of the Website for any or no reason, including without limitation, any violation of these Terms of Use.

Without limiting the foregoing, we have the right to cooperate fully with any law enforcement authorities or court order requesting or directing us to disclose the identity or other information of anyone posting any materials on or through the Website. YOU WAIVE AND HOLD HARMLESS THE COMPANY AND ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSEES, AND SERVICE PROVIDERS FROM ANY CLAIMS RESULTING FROM ANY ACTION TAKEN BY ANY OF THE FOREGOING PARTIES DURING, OR TAKEN AS A CONSEQUENCE OF, INVESTIGATIONS BY EITHER SUCH PARTIES OR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES.

However, we do not undertake to review material before it is posted on the Website, and cannot ensure prompt removal of objectionable material after it has been posted. Accordingly, we assume no liability for any action or inaction regarding transmissions, communications, or content provided by any user or third party. We have no liability or responsibility to anyone for performance or nonperformance of the activities described in this section.

Content Standards

These content standards apply to any and all User Contributions and use of Interactive Services. User Contributions must in their entirety comply with all applicable federal, state, local, and international laws and regulations. Without limiting the foregoing, User Contributions must not:

• Contain any material that is defamatory, obscene, indecent, abusive, offensive, harassing, violent, hateful, inflammatory, or otherwise objectionable.
• Promote sexually explicit or pornographic material, violence, or discrimination based on race, sex, religion, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, or age.
• Infringe any patent, trademark, trade secret, copyright, or other intellectual property or other rights of any other person.
• Violate the legal rights (including the rights of publicity and privacy) of others or contain any material that could give rise to any civil or criminal liability under applicable laws or regulations or that otherwise may be in conflict with these Terms of Use and our Privacy Policy .
• Be likely to deceive any person.
• Promote any illegal activity, or advocate, promote, or assist any unlawful act.
• Cause annoyance, inconvenience, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset, embarrass, alarm, or annoy any other person.
• Impersonate any person, or misrepresent your identity or affiliation with any person or organization.
• Involve commercial activities or sales, such as contests, sweepstakes, and other sales promotions, barter, or advertising.
• Give the impression that they emanate from or are endorsed by us or any other person or entity, if this is not the case.

(collectively, the “ Content Standards ”)

Copyright Infringement

If you believe that any User Contributions violate your copyright, please contact us  and provide the following information:

• An electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest;
• A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed;
• A description of where the material you claim is infringing is located on the website (and such description must reasonably sufficient to enable us to find the alleged infringing material);
• Your address, telephone number and email address;
• A written statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and
• A statement by you, made under the penalty of perjury, that the above information in your notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf.

We may terminate the accounts of any infringers.

Reliance on Information Posted

From time to time, we may make third party opinions, advice, statements, offers, or other third party information or content available on the Website or from tutors under tutoring services (collectively, “Third Party Content”). All Third Party Content is the responsibility of the respective authors thereof and should not necessarily be relied upon. Such third party authors are solely responsible for such content. WE DO NOT (I) GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR USEFULNESS OF ANY THIRD PARTY CONTENT ON THE SITE OR ANY VERIFICATION SERVICES DONE ON OUR TUTORS OR INSTRUCTORS, OR (II) ADOPT, ENDORSE OR ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY OF ANY OPINION, ADVICE, OR STATEMENT MADE BY ANY TUTOR OR INSTRUCTOR OR ANY PARTY THAT APPEARS ON THE WEBSITE. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL WE BE RESPONSBILE OR LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE RESULTING FROM YOUR RELIANCE ON INFORMATION OR OTHER CONENT POSTED ON OR AVAILBLE FROM THE WEBSITE.

Changes to the Website

We may update the content on this Website from time to time, but its content is not necessarily complete or up-to-date. Any of the material on the Website may be out of date at any given time, and we are under no obligation to update such material.

Information About You and Your Visits to the Website

All information we collect on this Website is subject to our Privacy Policy . By using the Website, you consent to all actions taken by us with respect to your information in compliance with the Privacy Policy.

Online Purchases and Other Terms and Conditions

All purchases through our site or other transactions for the sale of services and information formed through the Website or resulting from visits made by you are governed by our Terms of Sale, which are hereby incorporated into these Terms of Use.

Additional terms and conditions may also apply to specific portions, services, or features of the Website. All such additional terms and conditions are hereby incorporated by this reference into these Terms of Use.

Linking to the Website and Social Media Features

You may link to our homepage, provided you do so in a way that is fair and legal and does not damage our reputation or take advantage of it, but you must not establish a link in such a way as to suggest any form of association, approval, or endorsement on our part without our express written consent.

This Website may provide certain social media features that enable you to:

• Link from your own or certain third-party websites to certain content on this Website.
• Send emails or other communications with certain content, or links to certain content, on this Website.
• Cause limited portions of content on this Website to be displayed or appear to be displayed on your own or certain third-party websites.

You may use these features solely as they are provided by us, and solely with respect to the content they are displayed with and otherwise in accordance with any additional terms and conditions we provide with respect to such features. Subject to the foregoing, you must not:

• Establish a link from any website that is not owned by you.
• Cause the Website or portions of it to be displayed on, or appear to be displayed by, any other site, for example, framing, deep linking, or in-line linking.
• Link to any part of the Website other than the homepage.
• Otherwise take any action with respect to the materials on this Website that is inconsistent with any other provision of these Terms of Use.

The website from which you are linking, or on which you make certain content accessible, must comply in all respects with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use.

You agree to cooperate with us in causing any unauthorized framing or linking immediately to stop. We reserve the right to withdraw linking permission without notice.

We may disable all or any social media features and any links at any time without notice in our discretion.

Links from the Website

If the Website contains links to other sites and resources provided by third parties (“ Linked Sites ”), these links are provided for your convenience only. This includes links contained in advertisements, including banner advertisements and sponsored links. You acknowledge and agree that we have no control over the contents, products, services, advertising or other materials which may be provided by or through those Linked sites or resources, and accept no responsibility for them or for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. If you decide to access any of the third-party websites linked to this Website, you do so entirely at your own risk and subject to the terms and conditions of use for such websites.

You agree that if you include a link from any other website to the Website, such link will open in a new browser window and will link to the full version of an HTML formatted page of this Website. You are not permitted to link directly to any image hosted on the Website or our products or services, such as using an “in-line” linking method to cause the image hosted by us to be displayed on another website. You agree not to download or use images hosted on this Website or another website, for any purpose, including, without limitation, posting such images on another website. You agree not to link from any other website to this Website in any manner such that the Website, or any page of the Website, is “framed,” surrounded or obfuscated by any third party content, materials or branding. We reserve all of our rights under the law to insist that any link to the Website be discontinued, and to revoke your right to link to the Website from any other website at any time upon written notice to you.

Geographic Restrictions

The owner of the Website is based in the state of New Jersey in the United States. We provide this Website for use only by persons located in the United States. We make no claims that the Website or any of its content is accessible or appropriate outside of the United States. Access to the Website may not be legal by certain persons or in certain countries. If you access the Website from outside the United States, you do so on your own initiative and are responsible for compliance with local laws.

Disclaimer of Warranties

You understand that we cannot and do not guarantee or warrant that files available for downloading from the internet or the Website will be free of viruses or other destructive code. You are responsible for implementing sufficient procedures and checkpoints to satisfy your particular requirements for anti-virus protection and accuracy of data input and output, and for maintaining a means external to our site for any reconstruction of any lost data. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PROVIDED BY LAW, WE WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE CAUSED BY A DISTRIBUTED DENIAL-OF-SERVICE ATTACK, VIRUSES, OR OTHER TECHNOLOGICALLY HARMFUL MATERIAL THAT MAY INFECT YOUR COMPUTER EQUIPMENT, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, DATA, OR OTHER PROPRIETARY MATERIAL DUE TO YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE OR TO YOUR DOWNLOADING OF ANY MATERIAL POSTED ON IT, OR ON ANY WEBSITE LINKED TO IT.

YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, AND ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, AND ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS, WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. NEITHER THE COMPANY NOR ANY PERSON ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPANY MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WITH RESPECT TO THE COMPLETENESS, SECURITY, RELIABILITY, QUALITY, ACCURACY, OR AVAILABILITY OF THE WEBSITE. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, NEITHER THE COMPANY NOR ANYONE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPANY REPRESENTS OR WARRANTS THAT THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL BE ACCURATE, RELIABLE, ERROR-FREE, OR UNINTERRUPTED, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, THAT OUR SITE OR THE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS, OR THAT THE WEBSITE OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL OTHERWISE MEET YOUR NEEDS OR EXPECTATIONS.

TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PROVIDED BY LAW, THE COMPANY HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY WARRANTIES THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW.

Limitation on Liability

TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PROVIDED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL THE COMPANY, ITS AFFILIATES, OR THEIR LICENSORS, SERVICE PROVIDERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, OFFICERS, OR DIRECTORS BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, UNDER ANY LEGAL THEORY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH YOUR USE, OR INABILITY TO USE, THE WEBSITE, ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO IT, ANY CONTENT ON THE WEBSITE OR SUCH OTHER WEBSITES, INCLUDING ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PERSONAL INJURY, PAIN AND SUFFERING, EMOTIONAL DISTRESS, LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS OR ANTICIPATED SAVINGS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOSS OF DATA, AND WHETHER CAUSED BY TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), BREACH OF CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF FORESEEABLE.

THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY LIABILITY THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW.

Indemnification

You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the Company, its affiliates, licensors, and service providers, and its and their respective officers, directors, employees, contractors, agents, licensors, suppliers, successors, and assigns from and against any claims, liabilities, damages, judgments, awards, losses, costs, expenses, or fees (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) arising out of or relating to your violation of these Terms of Use or your use of the Website, including, but not limited to, your User Contributions, any use of the Website’s content, services, and products other than as expressly authorized in these Terms of Use or your use of any information obtained from the Website.

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

All matters relating to the Website and these Terms of Use and any dispute or claim arising therefrom or related thereto (in each case, including non-contractual disputes or claims), shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New Jersey without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New Jersey or any other jurisdiction).

Any legal suit, action, or proceeding arising out of, or related to, these Terms of Use or the Website shall be instituted exclusively in the federal courts of the United States or the courts of the State of New Jersey in each case located in the County of Monmouth although we retain the right to bring any suit, action, or proceeding against you for breach of these Terms of Use in your country of residence or any other relevant country. You waive any and all objections to the exercise of jurisdiction over you by such courts and to venue in such courts. You may not under any circumstances commence or maintain against us any class action, class arbitration, or other representative action or proceeding.

Arbitration

By using this Website, you agree, at Company’s sole discretion, that it may require you to submit any disputes arising from the use of these Terms of Use or the Website, including disputes arising from or concerning their interpretation, violation, invalidity, non-performance, or termination, to final and binding arbitration under the Rules of Arbitration of the American Arbitration Association applying New Jersey law. In doing so, YOU GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO GO TO COURT to assert or defend any claims between you and us. YOU ALSO GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION OR OTHER CLASS PROCEEDING. Your rights may be determined by a NEUTRAL ARBITRATOR, NOT A JUDGE OR JURY. You are entitled to a fair hearing before the arbitrator. The arbitrator can grant any relief that a court can, but you should note that arbitration proceedings are usually simpler and more streamlined than trials and other judicial proceedings. Decisions by the arbitrator are enforceable in court and may be overturned by a court only for very limited reasons.

Any proceeding to enforce this arbitration provision, including any proceeding to confirm, modify, or vacate an arbitration award, may be commenced in any court of competent jurisdiction. In the event that this arbitration provision is for any reason held to be unenforceable, any litigation against Company must be commenced only in the federal or state courts located in Monmouth County, New Jersey. You hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of those courts for such purposes.

Limitation on Time to File Claims

ANY CAUSE OF ACTION OR CLAIM YOU MAY HAVE ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THESE TERMS OF USE OR THE WEBSITE MUST BE COMMENCED WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR AFTER THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUES, OTHERWISE, SUCH CAUSE OF ACTION OR CLAIM IS PERMANENTLY BARRED.

Waiver and Severability

No waiver by the Company of any term or condition set out in these Terms of Use shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of such term or condition or a waiver of any other term or condition, and any failure of the Company to assert a right or provision under these Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.

If any provision of these Terms of Use is held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable for any reason, such provision shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent such that the remaining provisions of the Terms of Use will continue in full force and effect.

Entire Agreement

The Terms of Use, our Privacy Policy, and Terms of Sale constitute the sole and entire agreement between you and Marco Learning LLC regarding the Website and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations, and warranties, both written and oral, regarding the Website.

Communications and Miscellaneous

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Your Comments and Concerns

This website is operated by Marco Learning LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company with an address of 113 Monmouth Road, Suite 1, Wrightstown, New Jersey 08562.

Please contact us   for all other feedback, comments, requests for technical support, and other communications relating to the Website.

AP United States Government and Politics

Learn all about the course and exam. Already enrolled? Join your class in My AP.

Not a Student?

Go to AP Central for resources for teachers, administrators, and coordinators.

About the Exam

The AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam will test your understanding of the political concepts covered in the course units, including your ability to analyze the foundational documents and to apply Supreme Court decisions you studied in the course to real-life scenarios.

This is a fully digital exam. You’ll complete multiple-choice and free-response questions in the Bluebook testing app, with all responses automatically submitted at the end of the exam.

Update: Roe v. Wade

Although the Supreme Court recently overturned Roe v. Wade , it remains required course content and is part of Topic 3.9, “Amendments: Due Process and the Right to Privacy” along with two additional cases, Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022). Any of these cases can be the focus of AP Exam questions related to this topic, but none of them will be the focus of Free Response Question 3.

Tue, May 6, 2025

12 PM Local

AP U.S. Government and Politics Exam

This is the regularly scheduled date for the AP United States Government and Politics Exam.

Exam Components

Section i: multiple choice.

55 questions 1hr 20mins 50% of Score

The multiple-choice section includes individual, single questions as well as sets of questions. You’ll be asked to:

• Describe, explain, and compare political concepts and processes
• Apply Supreme Court decisions in real-life scenarios
• Analyze data in graphs, charts, tables, maps, or infographics
• Read and analyze foundational documents and other text-based and visual sources

Section II: Free Response

4 questions 1hr 40mins 50% of Score

In the free-response section, you’ll respond to four questions with written answers. The section includes:

• 1 concept application question: You’ll describe and explain the effects of a political institution, behavior, or process, and apply concepts in a new situation.
• 1 quantitative analysis question: You’ll analyze data in the form of a table, graph, map, or infographic to find patterns and trends and reach a conclusion.
• The prompt specifies 1 required SCOTUS case, and you are asked to identify how that required case is related to the case given in the scenario.
• 1 argument essay:  You’ll write an evidence-based essay supporting a claim or thesis.

Exam Essentials

Exam preparation, ap classroom resources.

Once you join your AP class section online, you’ll be able to access AP Daily videos, any assignments from your teacher, and your assignment results in AP Classroom. Sign in to access them.

• Go to AP Classroom

Free-Response Questions and Scoring Information

Go to the Exam Questions and Scoring Information section on the AP United States Government and Politics Exam page at AP Central to review the latest released free-response questions and scoring information.  

Past Exam Free-Response Questions and Scoring Information  

Go to AP Central to review free-response questions and scoring information from past AP United States Government and Politics exams. 

AP United States Government and Politics Course and Exam Description

This is the core document for the course. It clearly lays out the course content and describes the exam and the AP Program in general.

Services for Students with Disabilities

Students with documented disabilities may be eligible for accommodations for the through-course assessment and the end-of-course exam. If you’re using assistive technology and need help accessing the PDFs in this section in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected] . For information about taking AP Exams, or other College Board assessments, with accommodations, visit the Services for Students with Disabilities website.

Credit and Placement

Search AP Credit Policies

Find colleges that grant credit and/or placement for AP Exam scores in this and other AP courses.

Additional Information

What are your chances of acceptance?

Calculate for all schools, your chance of acceptance.

Your chancing factors

Extracurriculars.

How to Write the AP Lang Argument Essay + Examples

What’s covered:, what is the ap language argument essay, tips for writing the ap language argument essay, ap english language argument essay examples, how will ap scores impact my college chances.

In 2023, over 550,148 students across the U.S. took the AP English Language and Composition Exam, and 65.2% scored higher than a 3. The AP English Language Exam tests your ability to analyze a piece of writing, synthesize information, write a rhetorical essay, and create a cohesive argument. In this post, we’ll be discussing the best way to approach the argumentative essay section of the test, and we’ll give you tips and tricks so you can write a great essay.

The AP English Language Exam as of 2023 is structured as follows:

Section 1: 45 multiple choice questions to be completed in an hour. This portion counts for 45% of your score. This section requires students to analyze a piece of literature. The questions ask about its content and/or what could be edited within the passage.

Section 2: Three free response questions to be completed in the remaining two hours and 15 minutes. This section counts for 55% of your score. These essay questions include the synthesis essay, the rhetorical essay, and the argumentative essay.

• Synthesis essay: Read 6-7 sources and create an argument using at least three of the sources.
• Rhetorical analysis essay: Describe how a piece of writing evokes meaning and symbolism.
• Argumentative essay: Pick a side of a debate and create an argument based on evidence. In this essay, you should develop a logical argument in support of or against the given statement and provide ample evidence that supports your conclusion. Typically, a five paragraph format is great for this type of writing. This essay is scored holistically from 1 to 9 points.

Do you want more information on the structure of the full exam? Take a look at our in-depth overview of the AP Language and Composition Exam .

Although the AP Language Argument may seem daunting at first, once you understand how the essay should be structured, it will be a lot easier to create cohesive arguments.

Below are some tips to help you as you write the essay.

1. Organize your essay before writing

Instead of jumping right into your essay, plan out what you will say beforehand. It’s easiest to make a list of your arguments and write out what facts or evidence you will use to support each argument. In your outline, you can determine the best order for your arguments, especially if they build on each other or are chronological. Having a well-organized essay is crucial for success.

2. Pick one side of the argument, but acknowledge the other side

When you write the essay, it’s best if you pick one side of the debate and stick with it for the entire essay. All your evidence should be in support of that one side. However, in your introductory paragraph, as you introduce the debate, be sure to mention any merit the arguments of the other side has. This can make the essay a bit more nuanced and show that you did consider both sides before determining which one was better. Often, acknowledging another viewpoint then refuting it can make your essay stronger.

3. Provide evidence to support your claims

The AP readers will be looking for examples and evidence to support your argument. This doesn’t mean that you need to memorize a bunch of random facts before the exam. This just means that you should be able to provide concrete examples in support of your argument.

For example, if the essay topic is about whether the role of the media in society has been detrimental or not, and you argue that it has been, you may talk about the phenomenon of “fake news” during the 2016 presidential election.

AP readers are not looking for perfect examples, but they are looking to see if you can provide enough evidence to back your claim and make it easily understood.

4. Create a strong thesis statement

The thesis statement will set up your entire essay, so it’s important that it is focused and specific, and that it allows for the reader to understand your body paragraphs. Make sure your thesis statement is the very last sentence of your introductory paragraph. In this sentence, list out the key points you will be making in the essay in the same order that you will be writing them. Each new point you mention in your thesis should start a paragraph in your essay.

Below is a prompt and sample student essay from the May 2019 exam . We’ll look at what the student did well in their writing and where they could improve.

Prompt: “The term “overrated” is often used to diminish concepts, places, roles, etc. that the speaker believes do not deserve the prestige they commonly enjoy; for example, many writers have argued that success is overrated, a character in a novel by Anthony Burgess famously describes Rome as a “vastly overrated city,” and Queen Rania of Jordan herself has asserted that “[b]eing queen is overrated.”

Select a concept, place, role, etc. to which you believe that the term “overrated” should be applied. Then, write a well-developed essay in which you explain your judgment. Use appropriate evidence from your reading, experience, or observations to support your argument.

Sample Student Essay #1:

[1] Competition is “overrated.” The notion of motivation between peers has evolved into a source of unnecessary stress and even lack of morals. Whether it be in an academic environment or in the industry, this new idea of competition is harmful to those competing and those around them.

[2] Back in elementary school, competition was rather friendly. It could have been who could do the most pushups or who could get the most imaginary points in a classroom for a prize. If you couldn’t do the most pushups or win that smelly sticker, you would go home and improve yourself – there would be no strong feelings towards anyone, you would just focus on making yourself a better version of yourself. Then as high school rolled around, suddenly applying for college doesn’t seem so far away –GPA seems to be that one stat that defines you – extracurriculars seem to shape you – test scores seem to categorize you. Sleepless nights, studying for the next day’s exam, seem to become more and more frequent. Floating duck syndrome seems to surround you (FDS is where a competitive student pretends to not work hard but is furiously studying beneath the surface just like how a duck furiously kicks to stay afloat). All of your competitors appear to hope you fail – but in the end what do you and your competitor’s gain? Getting one extra point on the test? Does that self-satisfaction compensate for the tremendous amounts of acquired stress? This new type of “competition” is overrated – it serves nothing except a never-ending source of anxiety and seeks to weaken friendships and solidarity as a whole in the school setting.

[3] A similar idea of “competition” can be applied to business. On the most fundamental level, competition serves to be a beneficial regulator of prices and business models for both the business themselves and consumers. However, as businesses grew increasingly greedy and desperate, companies resorted to immoral tactics that only hurt their reputations and consumers as a whole. Whether it be McDonald’s coupons that force you to buy more food or tech companies like Apple intentionally slowing down your iPhone after 3 years to force you to upgrade to the newest device, consumers suffer and in turn speak down upon these companies. Similar to the evolved form of competition in school, this overrated form causes pain for all parties and has since diverged from the encouraging nature that the principle of competition was “founded” on.

The AP score for this essay was a 4/6, meaning that it captured the main purpose of the essay but there were still substantial parts missing. In this essay, the writer did a good job organizing the sections and making sure that their writing was in order according to the thesis statement. The essay first discusses how competition is harmful in elementary school and then discusses this topic in the context of business. This follows the chronological order of somebody’s life and flows nicely.

The arguments in this essay are problematic, as they do not provide enough examples of how exactly competition is overrated. The essay discusses the context in which competition is overrated but does not go far enough in explaining how this connects to the prompt.

In the first example, school stress is used to explain how competition manifests. This is a good starting point, but it does not talk about why competition is overrated; it simply mentions that competition can be unhealthy. The last sentence of that paragraph is the main point of the argument and should be expanded to discuss how the anxiety of school is overrated later on in life. 

In the second example, the writer discusses how competition can lead to harmful business practices, but again, this doesn’t reflect the reason this would be overrated. Is competition really overrated because Apple and McDonald’s force you to buy new products? This example could’ve been taken one step farther. Instead of explaining why business structures—such as monopolies—harm competition, the author should discuss how those particular structures are overrated.

Additionally, the examples the writer used lack detail. A stronger essay would’ve provided more in-depth examples. This essay seemed to mention examples only in passing without using them to defend the argument.

It should also be noted that the structure of the essay is incomplete. The introduction only has a thesis statement and no additional context. Also, there is no conclusion paragraph that sums up the essay. These missing components result in a 4/6.

Now let’s go through the prompt for a sample essay from the May 2022 exam . The prompt is as follows:

Colin Powell, a four-star general and former United States Secretary of State, wrote in his 1995 autobiography: “[W]e do not have the luxury of collecting information indefinitely. At some point, before we can have every possible fact in hand, we have to decide. The key is not to make quick decisions, but to make timely decisions.”

Write an essay that argues your position on the extent to which Powell’s claim about making decisions is valid. 

In your response you should do the following:

• Respond to the prompt with a thesis that presents a defensible position. 
• Provide evidence to support your line of reasoning. 
• Explain how the evidence supports your line of reasoning. 
• Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

Sample Student Essay #2:

Colin Powell, who was a four star general and a former United States Secretary of State. He wrote an autobiography and had made a claim about making decisions. In my personal opinion, Powell’s claim is true to full extent and shows an extremely valuable piece of advice that we do not consider when we make decisions.

Powell stated, “before we can have every possible fact in hand we have to decide…. but to make it a timely decision” (1995). With this statement Powell is telling the audience of his autobiography that it does not necessarily matter how many facts you have, and how many things you know. Being able to have access to everything possible takes a great amount of time and we don’t always have all of the time in the world. A decision has to be made with what you know, waiting for something else to come in while trying to make a decision whether that other fact is good or bad you already have a good amount of things that you know. Everyone’s time is valuable, including yours. At the end of the day the decision will have to be made and that is why it should be made in a “timely” manner.

This response was graded for a score of 2/6. Let’s break down the score to smaller points that signify where the student fell short.

The thesis in this essay is clearly outlined at the end of the first paragraph. The student states their agreement with Powell’s claim and frames the rest of their essay around this stance. The success in scoring here lies in the clear communication of the thesis and the direction the argument will take. It’s important to make the thesis statement concise, specific, and arguable, which the student has successfully done.

While the student did attempt to provide evidence to support their thesis, it’s clear that their explanation lacks specific detail and substance. They referenced Powell’s statement, but did not delve into how this statement has proven true in specific instances, and did not provide examples that could bring the argument to life.

Commentary is an essential part of this section’s score. It means explaining the significance of the evidence and connecting it back to the thesis. Unfortunately, the student’s commentary here is too vague and does not effectively elaborate on how the evidence supports their argument.

To improve, the student could use more concrete examples to demonstrate their point and discuss how each piece of evidence supports their thesis. For instance, they could discuss specific moments in Powell’s career where making a timely decision was more valuable than waiting for all possible facts. This would help illustrate the argument in a more engaging, understandable way.

A high score in the “sophistication” category of the grading rubric is given for demonstrating a complex understanding of the rhetorical situation (purpose, audience, context, etc.), making effective rhetorical choices, or establishing a line of reasoning. Here, the student’s response lacks complexity and sophistication. They’ve simply agreed with Powell’s claim and made a few general statements without providing a deeper analysis or effectively considering the rhetorical situation.

To increase sophistication, the student could explore possible counterarguments or complexities within Powell’s claim. They could discuss potential drawbacks of making decisions without all possible facts, or examine situations where timely decisions might not yield the best results. By acknowledging and refuting these potential counterarguments, they could add more depth to their analysis and showcase their understanding of the complexities involved in decision-making.

The student could also analyze why Powell, given his background and experiences, might have come to such a conclusion, thus providing more context and showing an understanding of the rhetorical situation.

Remember, sophistication in argumentation isn’t about using fancy words or complicated sentences. It’s about showing that you understand the complexity of the issue at hand and that you’re able to make thoughtful, nuanced arguments. Sophistication shows that you can think critically about the topic and make connections that aren’t immediately obvious.

Now that you’ve looked at an example essay and some tips for the argumentative essay, you know how to better prepare for the AP English Language and Composition Exam.

While your AP scores don’t usually impact your admissions chances , colleges do care a lot about your course rigor. So, taking as many APs as you can will certainly boost your chances! AP scores can be a way for high-performing students to set themselves apart, particularly when applying to prestigious universities. Through the process of self-reporting scores , you can show your hard work and intelligence to admissions counselors.

That said, the main benefit of scoring high on AP exams comes once you land at your dream school, as high scores can allow you to “test out” of entry-level requirements, often called GE requirements or distribution requirements. This will save you time and money.

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