food safety related research topics

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Food Safety Research Information Office (FSRIO)

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The Food Safety Research Information Office (FSRIO) supports the research community by collecting, organizing, and disseminating food safety information in accordance with the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998.

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The Food Safety Research Information Office (FSRIO) is aligned with the Research, Economics, and Education (REE) mission area of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). It was created by the Agricultural Research, Extension and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C.A. & 7654 Sec. 615) and was formally launched on July 2, 2001.

The mission of FSRIO is to provide the research community and the general public with information on publicly funded, and to the maximum extent practicable, privately funded food safety research initiatives.

The purpose of the FSRIO information products is to prevent the unintended duplication of food safety research and to assist the executive and legislative branches of the Federal Government and private research entities with assessing food safety research needs and priorities. FSRIO works in partnership with a working group that consists of scientific experts in food safety across the USDA.

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Food safety research projects database.

The Research Projects Database provides users with information on current food safety research projects from both U.S. and international government and non-government organizations.

Research Publications (Food Safety)

An automated feed of the latest food safety research publications released from more than 200 peer-reviewed journals, including FDA/USDA specific publications.

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USDA-FSIS Graduate Student Food Safety Fellowship . Application deadline is 8/14/2024.
U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) grants for scientists, graduate and postdoc fellows.
ARS student opportunities from usajobs.gov for interns , and those seeking postdoctoral fellowships . Learn about other Temporary and Term positions .
The HHS, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Voluntary Qualified Importer Program (VQIP) application portal .
USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Food Safety Outreach Program grants.
USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Agriculture Risk Management Education (ARME) grants.
The September 2024 FSRIO Monthly Newsletter highlights NAL’s Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon on Mycotoxins .
The August 2024 FSRIO Monthly Newsletter highlights Mycotoxin resources .
The July 2024 FSRIO Monthly Newsletter showcases Bacterial Pathogens resources .
The June 2024 FSRIO Monthly Newsletter informs about the Food Safety & Nutrition Resources webinar.
The April 2024 FSRIO Monthly Newsletter showcases Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) resources .
The February 2024 FSRIO Monthly Newsletter showcases articles relevant to E.coli .
The January 2024 FSRIO Monthly Newsletter has been released, showcasing articles relevant to chemical contaminants available in the Research Publications section.
USDA NIFA funded research at the University of MD lead by Dr. Pradhan and his team use machine learning to analyze the genomes of salmonella, listeria and E.coli from publicly available databases to find genetic indicators. These include specific genes, mutations, or higher or lower levels of gene expression that help them persist in the environment.
The USDA’s Climate Change Adaptation Plan assesses current and future climate-related risks to USDA’s operations and mission-delivery.
Growers can find county-level temperature changes through a new zone map on the USDA ARS Freeze Date Tool .
Dairy producers can enroll in the USDA 2024 Dairy Margin Coverage Service .
The USDA Economics, Statistics and Market Information System (ESMIS) ’s World Agricultural Production database includes "monthly reports on crop acreage, yield and production in major countries worldwide."
The USDA Science and Research Strategy, 2023-2026: Cultivating Scientific Innovation [PDF, 48 pages] presents a near-term vision for transforming U.S. agriculture through science and innovation, and outlines USDA’s highest scientific priorities.

NAL’s Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon on Mycotoxins

USDA National Agricultural Library's (NAL), Food Safety Research Information Office (FSRIO) webinar and the NAL Agricultural Law Information Partnership Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon about Mycotoxins on Wednesday, September 10th at 10:30 am ET

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A window into the body: Groundbreaking technique makes skin transparent

Sep 5, 2024

FSIS Issues Public Health Alert for Ineligible Meat and Poultry Products Illegally Imported from the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Aug 16, 2024

FSIS Issues Public Health Alert For Ineligible Meat and Poultry Products Illegally Imported From the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Advance food international inc. recalls shahzada brand cinnamon powder 7oz because of possible health risk.

Jul 29, 2024

NSF announces new AI test beds initiative to advance safety and security of AI technologies

Jul 23, 2024

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) manages the Predictive Microbiology Information Portal (PMIP) [ars.usda.gov] to assist food companies in the use of predictive models. This portal contains:

The Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP) [ars.usda.gov] a package of models that predicts the growth and inactivation of foodborne bacteria under variable environmental conditions.
The ComBase [ars.usda.gov] , a database of quantitative microbiological or kinetic data collected from different laboratories.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) maintains the Kitchen Companion [PDF, 50 pages] and the Food Safety Basics resources [fsis.usda.gov] .
North Dakota State University (NDSU) has a Food Storage Guide [PDF, 16 pages] available online.
Food Marketing Institute maintains the FoodKeeper [fmi.org] application with helpful hints about food preparation, handling, and storage.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP) maintains a website that focuses on canning and other means of preservation [nchfp.uga.edu] .

Biosensor technology is used for the rapid detection of pathogens in our food supply. Please visit the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's New Era of Smarter Food Safety [fda.gov] resource for more information.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are the United States government agencies that regulate food safety.

AskUSDA [usda.gov]
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) [fsis.usda.gov]
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) [aphis.usda.gov]
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) [ams.usda.gov]
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Food safety and security: what were favourite topics for research in the last decade?

Affiliation.

1 Croatian Centre for Global Health and Department of Research in Medicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
PMID: 23198104
PMCID: PMC3484739

The world is faced with the challenge to feed an estimated 9 billion population of the Earth by 2050. To address the scientific evidence for the safety of food, I searched the Web of Science bibliographical and citation database for most cited articles from this research area. The topics with greatest impact on the research community, judged by their annual rate of citations during the last decade, were food-borne pathogens and toxins, with emerging genetic studies and new methods of visualising toxins on surfaces. Epidemiological and survey studies demonstrated that there was systematic effort to document, rapidly detect and control epidemic spread of disease and that these measures decreased the threat to food safety in developed countries, but that there is still much room for improvement. Research relevant for developing countries included the potential molecular targets to alleviate accumulation of arsenic in rice. As in other areas of research and life, human factor seems to be the most important one for the safety of food. The five keys to safer food of the WHO - keep clean, separate raw and cooked, cook thoroughly, keep food at safe temperatures, use safe water and raw materials - are thus still very relevant for the developed as much as the developing world.

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Frontiers in Nutrition
Food Policy and Economics
Research Topics

Consumer Behavior around Food Safety and Quality in the Context of Technological Innovation

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About this Research Topic

Under the impact of the recent global epidemic, a new round of technological innovation and industrial change is accelerating the restructuring of the food industry. Food safety is a matter of everyone's health and has always been a hot topic of consumers concern, who are influenced by information asymmetry, ...

Keywords : consumption, food choice, economics, buyer-seller relationships, food safety, consumption behaviors, consumer behavior, food quality, food security, information asymmetry

Important Note : All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

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Food safety

Food safety, nutrition and food security are inextricably linked.
An estimated 600 million – almost 1 in 10 people in the world – fall ill after eating contaminated food and 420 000 die every year, resulting in the loss of 33 million healthy life years (DALYs).
US$ 110 billion is lost each year in productivity and medical expenses resulting from unsafe food in low- and middle-income countries.
Children under 5 years of age carry 40% of the foodborne disease burden, with 125 000 deaths every year.
Foodborne diseases impede socioeconomic development by straining health care systems and harming national economies, tourism and trade.

Access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food is key to sustaining life and promoting good health. Unsafe food containing harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical substances causes more than 200 diseases, ranging from diarrhoea to cancers. It also creates a vicious cycle of disease and malnutrition, particularly affecting infants, young children, elderly and the sick. Good collaboration between governments, producers and consumers is needed to help ensure food safety and stronger food systems.

Major foodborne illnesses and causes

Foodborne illnesses are usually infectious or toxic in nature and caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical substances entering the body through contaminated food. Chemical contamination can lead to acute poisoning or long-term diseases, such as cancer. Many foodborne diseases may lead to long-lasting disability and death. Some examples of food hazards are listed below.

Salmonella, Campylobacter and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli are some of the most common foodborne pathogens that affect millions of people annually, sometimes with severe and fatal outcomes. Symptoms can be fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Foods involved in outbreaks of salmonellosis include eggs, poultry and other products of animal origin. Foodborne cases with Campylobacter are mainly caused by raw milk, raw or undercooked poultry and drinking water. Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli is associated with unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat and contaminated fresh fruits and vegetables.
Listeria infections can lead to miscarriage in pregnant women or death of newborn babies. Although disease occurrence is relatively low, Listeria ’s severe and sometimes fatal health consequences, particularly among infants, children and the elderly, count them among the most serious foodborne infections. Listeria is found in unpasteurised dairy products and various ready-to-eat foods and can grow at refrigeration temperatures.
Vibrio cholerae can infect people through contaminated water or food. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, vomiting and profuse watery diarrhoea, which quickly lead to severe dehydration and possibly death. Rice, vegetables, millet gruel and various types of seafood have been implicated in cholera outbreaks.

Antimicrobials, such as antibiotics, are essential to treat infections caused by bacteria, including foodborne pathogens. However, their overuse and misuse in veterinary and human medicine has been linked to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria, rendering the treatment of infectious diseases ineffective in animals and humans.

Some viruses can be transmitted by food consumption. Norovirus is a common cause of foodborne infections that is characterized by nausea, explosive vomiting, watery diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Hepatitis A virus can also be transmitted by food and can cause long-lasting liver disease and spreads typically through raw or undercooked seafood or contaminated raw produce.

Some parasites, such as fish-borne trematodes, are only transmitted through food. Others, for example tapeworms like Echinococcus spp, or Taenia spp, may infect people through food or direct contact with animals. Other parasites, such as Ascaris, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia , enter the food chain via water or soil and can contaminate fresh produce.

Prions, infectious agents composed of protein, are unique in that they are associated with specific forms of neurodegenerative disease. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or so-called mad cow disease) is a prion disease in cattle, associated with the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. Consuming meat products containing specified risk material, such as brain tissue, is the most likely route of transmission of the prion agent to humans.

Of most concern for health are naturally occurring toxins and environmental pollutants.

Naturally occurring toxins include mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, cyanogenic glycosides and toxins occurring in poisonous mushrooms. Staple foods like corn or cereals can contain high levels of mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin and ochratoxin, produced by mould on grain. A long-term exposure can affect the immune system and normal development, or cause cancer.
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are compounds that accumulate in the environment and human body. Known examples are dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are unwanted by-products of industrial processes and waste incineration. They are found worldwide in the environment and accumulate in animal food chains. Dioxins are highly toxic and can cause reproductive and developmental problems, damage the immune system, interfere with hormones and cause cancer.
Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury cause neurological and kidney damage. Contamination by heavy metal in food occurs mainly through pollution of water and soil.
Other chemical hazards in food can include radioactive nucleotides that can be discharged into the environment from industries and from civil or military nuclear operations, food allergens, residues of drugs and other contaminants incorporated in the food during the process.

The burden of foodborne diseases

The burden of foodborne diseases to public health and to economies has often been underestimated due to underreporting and difficulty to establish causal relationships between food contamination and resulting illness or death.

The 2015 WHO report on the estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases presented the first-ever estimates of disease burden caused by 31 foodborne agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins and chemicals) at global and sub-regional level, highlighting that more than 600 million cases of foodborne illnesses and 420 000 deaths could occur in a year. The burden of foodborne diseases falls disproportionately on groups in vulnerable situations and especially on children under 5, with the highest burden in low- and middle-income countries.

The 2019 World Bank report on the economic burden of the foodborne diseases indicated that the total productivity loss associated with foodborne disease in low- and middle-income countries was estimated at US$ 95.2 billion per year, and the annual cost of treating foodborne illnesses is estimated at US$ 15 billion.

The evolving world and food safety

Safe food supplies support national economies, trade and tourism, contribute to food and nutrition security, and underpin sustainable development.

Urbanization and changes in consumer habits have increased the number of people buying and eating food prepared in public places. Globalization has triggered growing consumer demand for a wider variety of foods, resulting in an increasingly complex and longer global food chain. Climate change is also predicted to impact food safety.

These challenges put greater responsibility on food producers and handlers to ensure food safety. Local incidents can quickly evolve into international emergencies due to the speed and range of product distribution.

A public health priority

Governments should make food safety a public health priority, as they play a pivotal role in developing policies and regulatory frameworks and establishing and implementing effective food safety systems. Food handlers and consumers need to understand how to safely handle food and practicing the WHO Five keys to safer food at home, or when selling at restaurants or at local markets. Food producers can safely grow fruits and vegetables using the WHO Five keys to growing safer fruits and vegetables .

WHO response

WHO aims to strengthen national food control systems to facilitate global prevention, detection and response to public health threats associated with unsafe food. To do this, WHO supports Member States by:

providing independent scientific assessments on microbiological and chemical hazards that form the basis for international food standards, guidelines, and recommendations, known as the Codex Alimentarius ;
assessing the performance of national food control systems throughout the entire food chain, identifying priority areas for further development, and measuring and evaluating progress over time through the FAO/WHO food control system assessment tool ;
assessing the safety of new technologies used in food production, such as genetic modification, cultivated food products and nanotechnology;
helping implement adequate infrastructure to manage food safety risks and respond to food safety emergencies through the International Food Safety Authorities Network ( INFOSAN );
promoting safe food handling through systematic disease prevention and awareness programmes, through the WHO Five keys to safer food message and training materials;
advocating for food safety as an important component of health security and for integrating food safety into national policies and programmes in line with the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005);
monitoring regularly the global burden of foodborne and zoonotic diseases at national, regional and international levels, and supporting countries to estimate the national burden of foodborne diseases; and
updating the WHO Global Strategy for Food Safety (2022–2030) to support Member States to strengthen their national food control systems and reduce the burden of foodborne diseases.

WHO works closely with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and other international organizations to ensure food safety along the entire food chain from production to consumption.

Safe, healthy and sustainable diets
Food handlers manual
Nuclear accidents and radioactive contamination of foods
WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases
Advancing food safety initiatives: strategic plan for food safety including foodborne zoonoses 2013-2022
WHO's work on food safety
Codex Alimentarius – International Food Standards

81 Food Safety Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best food safety topic ideas & essay examples, 📌 good essay topics on food safety, 💡 simple & easy food safety titles.

Food Contamination and Adulteration: Environmental Problems, Food Habits, Way of Cultivation The purpose of this essay is to explain reasons for different kinds of food contamination and adulteration, harmful contaminants and adulterants and the diseases caused by the usage of those substances, prevention of food contamination […]
Wildlife Conservation and Food Safety for Human From the epidemiological investigation, the seafood market in Wuhan was termed as the cause of the outbreak and Coronavirus was identified as of bat origin.
Food Hygiene Inspection of a Food Premises and the Intervention Strategies The need to conduct this inspection was necessitated by the complaints that were received from the customers about the food served at this store.
Food Safety and Its Application The realization that low temperatures slow down the growth of microbes and the process of food spoilage led to the invention of refrigeration.
Safety of Food: Weaning Management Practices The methods have different significance in the efficiency and performance of the calves, but the main impact remains to prevent and reduce stress.
The Importance of Food Safety in Live The food control system is an internationally recognized system that details various elements that are involved in food handling and to ensure safety and fitness for human consumption.
Food Safety in the Modern World It is evident that the process of delivering food to the table is highly complex and there are multiple points along the way where food may be mishandled leading to contamination.
Food Safety and Health Violation at Workplace This can give pests access to food and enhance the growth and spread of bacteria. This can cause a quick growth and spread of bacteria.
Preserving Food Hygiene and Safety Thirdly, assessment Apps have aided in the transition of audits from worksheets to a platform designed to implement and track food safety procedures.
Food Safety Policy for a Music Festival Several food businesses are expected to be at the festival thus posing a threat to the health of the participants should the right measures fail to be implemented to avoid the spread of food-borne diseases.
Food Hygiene Legislation in the UK For comprehension purposes, the applicable food laws and powers of authorized officers who conducted the inspection are presented briefly in the first section of the report.
Food and Environmental Hygiene Department He also claims that the attendance book was left unattended and thus he filled in information in the absence of the receptionist attendant.Mr.
Food Safety Risk Assessment Poultry is a reservoir of salmonella in human being due to the ability of salmonella to proliferate in the intestines of poultry.
The Actuality of Issue of Food Safety Although the article does not explore specific strategies that can be utilized to increase food safety globally, identifying the necessity to promote food safety culture and behavioral change toward food safety make it a reliable […]
Operations to Ensure Food Safety The Preventive Controls for Animal Food regulation requires suppliers of animal food, particularly pet food, to apply the same careful preparation used to identify and avoid dangers in the growth of human food.
Food Safety Modernization Act and Its Importance Because of the increasing concerns about the food safety outbreak of foodborne diseases and other food contamination in the United States, sophisticated inspection-based procedures based on accurate detection technologies are necessary to ensure that food […]
Food Safety and Organic Growing in the USA According to Ehlermann, the technique allows to contain food spoilage, destroy foodborne pathogens, such as bacteria, and eliminate the effects of insect pests without significantly affecting the taste or smell of food.
Food Safety and Information Bulletin Moreover, meat, poultry, fish and other fresh products should be packed in separate plastic bags in order not to spoil the rest of the products selected.
Impacts of H7N9 Virus and Food Contamination at Maleic Acid on Inbound Tourism for Elderly to Taiwan In addition, health involves the advancement of the entire body of the individual with regard to the individual’s mind, spirit, or will to aid in his/her functionality.

✍️ Food Safety Essay Topics for College

The Sunshine Wok: Food Hygiene Inspection At the kitchen, the food handler was not aware of the requirement to maintain high-risk food at a temperature of not above 8 C and was at 9.4oC.
The Routine Food Hygiene Inspection The report will outline the conditions present in the food establishment that violate the food hygiene legislation and regulations. The main food legislations in the UK and Europe include the Food Safety Act 1990, the […]
The Food Industry as a Threat to Public Health and Food Safety Nestle examine the problem of food safety, but the main difference is that they focus on the practical aspect of the issue. The authors suggest the regulation and monitoring of the food industry by health […]
Public Service Bulletin: Food Safety Issues It should be noted that food itself does not cause illnesses but what causes illnesses are the pathogens and bacteria present in food. There are several illnesses commonly referred to as food borne diseases that […]
Food Safety Policy and Inspection Services To begin with, I would like to dwell upon the issue of food safety establishments’ attitude towards the complaints of the citizens. The friend’s story mentioned in the discussion serves as a vivid example of […]
Independent Food Safety Inspections in US Restaurants In order to take proper control over the quality of the food served in facilities, the Us Food & Drug Administration has implemented the system of regulatory inspections.
The Problem of Food Safety and the Spread of Various Diseases These days the low level of food safety, the absence of health infrastructure, and the inability of the authorities to take preventive measures contribute a lot to appearing emergencies in some countries.
Safety and Quality: Food Contaminants and Adulteration Food adulteration according to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act is any food that contains materials that are injurious or noxious to the health of a human being.
Beef Industry: Nutrition and Food Safety Analysis The amount of saturated fat in the six leanest beef cuts is almost equal to that in the chicken’s leanest cut, the skinless chicken breast.
3D Printed Food and Utensils Safety The former is typically implemented in the production of simple foods and components, whereas the latter is used in combined culinary, with the implementation of both natural and printed ingredients.
Food Safety and Regulations in China Today, China, the world’s largest food producer, has chosen the path to reforming domestic legislation in the field of food safety, by eliminating the contradictions between national standards and technical regulations for food production.
Casa Vasca Restaurant’s Food Safety and Sanitation As the restaurant is open daily, I have visited it once during the working days and on the weekend to compare whether the restaurant practices or service differs on regular days and at the weekends […]
Food Poisoning and Hygiene Awareness in Saudi Arabia The primary aim of the research is to establish the extent to which hygiene awareness in Saudi Arabia helps in the prevention of disease.
Food Safety at Introducing of New Meal The former is the most significant threat from the medium risk category due to its high presence, and the latter is the biggest issue out of all the factors listed above.
Food Safety: Washing Contact Surfaces and Cooking An important aspect of food safety is the personal hygiene practices of the food handlers as they make contact with the food.
Aspen Hills Inc.’s Food Safety and Quality Issues For most of the food companies and restaurants, food safety is one of the primary components of quality management. As a result of the letter, the company’s officials chose to shut down the production activity […]
The Mass Production of Food: Food Safety Issue The development of the food industry regarding the mass production of food globally led to the discussion of the food safety and nutrition issues at the international level because the violation of the food safety […]
CookSafe Food Safety Management Audit The audit also highlights some of the major problems hindering the application and effectiveness of the CookSafe system. The suitability of HACCP in food safety management is made apparent in the wide scope of the […]
Food Preparation: Workplace Hygiene Thus if the chicken is not properly cooked or stored the bacteria in it can survive and cause food poisoning. Thus the chickens were contaminated by the germs or bacteria that were in the hands […]
Recommendations for Ensuring Food Safety & Reducing Disease-Causing Mosquitoes As such, the focus should be to introduce mandatory employee training especially in areas of food safety to guarantee that appropriate practices in hygiene, food handling and preparation, and sanitation are put in place in […]
Consumer Attitudes Towards Food Safety Risks Associated With Meat Processing
Food Safety Risk Perceptions as a Tool for Market Segmentation
Balancing Food Safety and Risk: Do Restrictions Affect International Trade?
Food Safety Strategies in Hybrid Governance Structures
Food and Its Effects on Health and Food Safety
Breeding Crops for Enhanced Food Safety
Evolving Food Safety Pressures in California’s Central Coast Region
Food Safety and Network Governance Structure of the Agri-Food System
Assessing the Potential Impact of Strengthening Food Safety Regulations on Developing Countries
Efficient Food Safety Regulation in the Food Manufacturing Sector
Contradictions, Consequences, and the Human Toll of Food Safety Culture
Consumer Demand for Innovations in Food Safety
Food Safety and Social Capital: A Double Side Connection
Demand for Improved Food Safety and Quality: A Cross-Regional Comparison
Agriculture and Health Through Food Safety and Nutrition
Analyzing Food Safety and Labeling
Are Food Safety Standards Different From Other Food Standards?
Food Safety and Trade: Winners and Losers in a Non-harmonized World
Demographic and Socioeconomic Influences on the Importance of Food Safety in Food Shopping
Benchmarking International Food Safety Performance in the Fresh Produce Sector
Benefits of Food Safety Policies in Vegetable Preparation and Consumption
Food Safety: Strengthening the Present With an Eye to the Future
Mandatory Versus Voluntary Approaches to Food Safety
Global Initiative for Food Safety in Government Facilities
Improving Food Safety Management Practices
Geographical Indications, Food Safety, and Sustainability
Mycotoxin Food Safety Risk in Developing Countries
Welfare Losses Due to Food Safety Regulation
Opportunities for the Coregulation of Food Safety: Insights From the United Kingdom
Contracts in the Supply Chain and Food Safety in International Markets
Modeling Food Safety Strategies
Public and Private Food Safety Standards: Facilitating or Frustrating Fresh Produce Growers
The Economic Forces Driving Food Safety Quality in Meat and Poultry
Managing Food Safety Modernization: The Produce Industry Perspective
Free International Food Safety Regulations
Maximum Residue Limits: Protectionism or Food Safety
Food Safety Standards and Their Impact on the Small Farms of Developed Countries
Redesigning Food Safety: Using Risk Analysis to Build a Better Food Safety System
The Potential of Insurance to Improve Food Safety
Assessing the Benefits and Costs of Improving Food Safety
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150+ Food Research Paper Topics Ideas for Students

Green and White Illustrative Food Research Topics

When writing a research paper on food, there are many angles to explore to choose great research topics about food. You can write argumentative essay topics on food processing methods or search for social media research topics . Moreover, the food industry is advancing, and food styles are changing – another inspiration for an outstanding research topic about food. In other words, if you are looking for your ideal topic for food research , there are many places to look.

How to Choose the “Ideal” Food Research Topics

150+ ideas of experimental research titles about food, research title about food processing.

Interesting Research Topics on Fast Food

Research Title about Food Industry

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Nevertheless, it can be hard to decipher what characterizes a good example of a thesis title for food. Hence, this article will briefly explain what factors to look for in a research title about food so-to-speak. Then, we will provide up to 150 food topics you can explore.

Personal interest is a vital factor to consider when sourcing the best thesis title about food . If you’re choosing a research title about cookery, you want to ensure it is something you’re interested in. If you’re unsure where your interest lies, you can check out social issues research topics .

Also, the availability of information on the topic of food is important in any research, whether it’s a thesis statement about social media or nutrition topics . Furthermore, choose several food topics to have options if one thesis about food doesn’t work out. Last but not least, ensure your chosen topic about food is neither too broad nor too narrow.

If you are unsure what title about food to work on for your research paper, here we are. Below are some of the best examples of thesis titles or professional thesis writers about food for students and researchers.

Plant sterols in treating high cholesterol
Is skipping breakfast healthy?
Macrobiotic diet: advantages
Food trendmakers
Chocolates and emotions: the connection
Are trans fats carcinogenic?
Does green tea burn calories?
Humble lentil: a superfood?

Interesting Research Topics Fast Food

Fast foods: impact on living organisms
Food court restaurants
Misconceptions about fast foods
Is McDonald’s healthy?
Fast food: a social problem?
National cuisine
Fast food: effect on the liver
Fast food education
Students’ nutrition
Fast food in children’s diet
Food and 3D virtual reality
The contemporary hotel industry
Food and fashion
Food in different cultures
Can food be used for cultural identification?
Trends in food box consumption
Information innovation in the food industry
The food industry in developing countries
Proper nutrition
History and origin of food traditions
Can dietary supplements increase bone density?
Why nutrition science matters
Organic food: impact on nutrition
Antimicrobial resistance
Services ensuring food safety in the US
Food safety violations in the workplace
pH balance impacts flavor
Animal testing should be abolished
Does overeating suppress the immune system?
Lifestyle-related chronic diseases
Food justice
Government’s involvement in food justice
Dietary deficiencies
Spice rack organization
Nutrients for body development
Milk for kids: more or less?
Organic food and health
Animal-sourced foods: beneficial or dangerous?
Continental dishes
Continental dishes vs. Indian spices
Food factor in national security
Junk food vs. healthy food
Environmental food safety
Safety and control of food colors in the food industry today
Criteria and scope of food security
Ensuring food security
Cooking technology
Food quality of agricultural raw materials
Problems and solutions to food safety
Food security: the theory and methodology
Recent labeling food innovations
Health benefits of genetically modified foods
The vegetarian diet
Caloric foods
Fast food affects on health
Food allergies
Fast foods: nutritional value
Food in the 21st century
The Slow Food movement
Doughnut’s history
Food safety: role in gene pool preservation
Controlling synthetic colors used in food
Food assessment and control
Food: its influence on pharmacotherapy’s effectiveness
Human rights to balanced nutrition
Quality of food products in urban areas
Food in rural areas vs. urban areas
Food security in Uganda
Food safety: developed vs. developing countries
Food factor in biopolitics
Corn starch in baking: the importance
Bacteria concerns in baking: Clostridium botulinum
Normal butter vs. brown butter
Matcha in Japanese pastry
Sweet in baked desserts
Effect of flour type on cake quality
Sugar vs. stevia
Why so much sugar in packed cakes?
Carob is use in baking
Coca-Cola baking: is it safe?
Cooking schools
Protein food preservation
Food preservation techniques
Vegan vs. non-vegan
Caffeine in drinks
Plastic and food quality
History of carrot cake
Turmeric: health properties
Japanese tea ceremonies
Healthy sugar substitutes
The popularity of plant-based diet
Food steaming: history
CBD-infused foods
Achieving the umami flavor in cooking
Climate and diet
Quick-service restaurants: impact on life expectancy
Drinking and Judaism
Chinese tea: a historical analysis
Meat canning
Resistance of meat to antimicrobials
Eliminating botulism
Reducing food allergies
Avian influenza
Vitamin D nutrition: the worldwide status
Nutritional supplements are available for the poor
Food science: importance in human nutrition
Amino acids and muscle growth
Poor nutrition and bone density
Women and diet
Tea vs. coffee
Is tea addictive?
Cholesterol: myths
Sugar vs. sweeteners
Keto diet: effect on health
Food sensitivities in children
African superfoods
Spirulina: the properties
Wine in French cuisine
Garlic and onions
Stored foods
Preventing food poisoning
Food addiction
How to fight against food waste
Aqueous environment: the toxicity
Fast food in hospitals
The risks associated with junk
Food culture and obesity
The link between fast food and obesity
Burgers: are they sandwiches?
Food additives
History of curry
Freezing dough: impact on quality
Best pizza Margherita recipe
Making low-calorie food tasty
Jamaica and British cuisine
Picked food in India
How to eat eggs
Egg poaching
Italian pasta: types

From food innovation research titles to food sustainability research topics , there are many areas of the food industry to explore. With the list of topics and tips for choosing a topic provided here, finding your ideal topic should be easier.

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Interactions between Street Food and Food Safety Topics in the Scientific Literature—A Bibliometric Analysis with Science Mapping

Claudio bellia.

1 Department of Agricultural Food and Environment (Di3A), Università degli Studi di Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; [email protected]

Simona Bacarella

2 Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; [email protected]

Marzia Ingrassia

Associated data.

Not applicable.

Street food (SF) consists of ready-to-eat food prepared and sold on the street. This food constitutes the food traditions of local populations in many countries of the world. SF characterizes a large number of cities around the world, from New York to Paris, from Palermo to cities of North Africa, China, India and Japan. SF is inexpensive and prepared following traditional methods that meet local consumer preferences, culinary culture and lifestyles. Moreover, SF allows a unique experience for tourists who also want to experience a destination through traditional food consumed on the street together with the locals. Nevertheless, SF is linked to several health hazards. Hence, several studies discussed on the compliance with hygiene and food quality requirements that SF vendors should guarantee, to ensure human health. So far, there is no bibliometric review attempting to provide an objective and comprehensive analysis of the existing scientific documents that simultaneously study the scientific topic of SF linked to that of Food Safety (FS). Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework of the interactions between studies on SF and FS topics, in order to discover if the combined topic of “Street Food Safety” (SFS) was investigated as a topic in its own right. A bibliometric analysis was carried out analyzing 276 scientific contributions from the last 21 years, indexed in the Elsevier Scopus database and in the Clarivate Web of Science database. The results showed a very strong interaction between the two topics and many others in several scientific sectors; In particular, the topic of SFS involves many disciplines of social sciences. The results highlight that the scientific topic of SFS exists but not consciously, and it is believed that the research interest in this topic can grow considerably in the coming years, also because of the current COVID-19 pandemic situation that we are experiencing.

1. Introduction

Street food (SF) belongs to the culture of many populations around the world. In particular, it is a food usually eaten in many cities of continents such as Africa, India, Asia and Latin America [ 1 ]. Street food and street food vendors are particularly popular in under-developed regions and countries, where they constitute a relevant part of their economy [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. However, SF represents a fundamental part of the eating habits in many cities of the most developed countries. As a fundamental part of the local culture, SF is often an attraction for visitors/tourists in many cities and countries of the world (e.g., New York in the USA, Paris, Vienna, Lisbon, Madrid, Rome and Palermo in Europe, but also in Greece, Turkey and other countries of the Mediterranean Basin) [ 5 , 6 ]. According to the FAO definition, street foods are ready-to-eat foods and beverages prepared and/or sold by vendors or hawkers especially in the streets and other similar places. SF includes a very wide quantity of products of animal and vegetable origin, grilled or fried, seasoned and served according to local traditions [ 7 ].

SF is gaining increased popularity in both under-developed and developed countries [ 8 ]. It is clear that the consumption of SF is due to different factors depending on whether we are referring to a more developed or non-developed country. In fact, for millions of low- and middle-income consumers in urban areas of developing countries, street food is a substantial component of their daily diet. For them, street foods may be the cheapest and most accessible way to have a nutritionally balanced meal outside of the home, provided that the consumer is knowledgeable and capable of selecting the right combination of foods. Moreover, in developing countries with inadequate education or skills, preparing and selling street food is a reliable source of income. Differently, in some developed countries, SF is considered an additional tourist attraction. Think about the so-called “food & wine” tourism that, for example in Italy, attracts millions of interested tourists every year to try the typical street food and live a complete and inclusive experience together with the inhabitants of the place they are visiting [ 9 , 10 ]. SF is a conscious way to show tourists and visitors part of the cultural identity of the local population, the so called “food identity” [ 11 ]. SF allows a unique experience for tourists who also want to experience a destination through traditional food consumed on the street together with the locals [ 12 ]. Street food vendors, along the road, become a meeting point between locals and visitors, between tasting and storytelling [ 9 ]. This point was addressed by some authors that described street food as a “diversified touristic attraction and offer” [ 9 ], as it allows, at the same time, tourists to explore culinary traditions of the visited country/city and the territory of origin of the products tasted. This contributes to have a unique experience of travel and knowledge of places and cultures of which the food itself contributes to maintaining a positive memory [ 13 ]. It is linked to broader concept of experience that include cultural heritage, food quality, local food products, health, and food safety [ 12 ].

However, street food can also exert negative impacts in the long term on human health and the environment, such as pollution, damage to biodiversity, etc. [ 14 ]. Additionally, SF has some problems connected to food safety, hygiene, and food quality, which can compromise the health of consumers, both during the immediate consumption and in the long term (due to cooking and preparation methods) [ 15 ]. According to FAO, local governments, international organizations, and consumer groups are becoming aware of the socioeconomic relevance of street foods, as well as the risks that come with them [ 15 ]. Food safety is the primary concern, but other issues such as sanitation (waste accumulation in the streets and clogged wastewater drains), traffic congestion in the city, including for pedestrians (occupation of sidewalks by street vendors and traffic accidents), illegal occupation of public or private space, and social issues have also been raised (child labor, unfair competition to formal trade, etc.). In many parts of the world, the possibility of serious food poisoning outbreaks linked to street foods remains a concern. A lack of understanding of the causes of food-borne illness among street food vendors is a problem. The relationship between street food (SF) and food safety (FS) is particularly interesting, due to its importance the global economy. In recent decades, the subject of FS has taken on a significance linked to the economic development of the countries to which it refers [ 16 , 17 ]. In fact, FS is generally associated with the probability of contracting diseases due to the qualitative characteristics of the food or to the lack of compliance of SF vendors with the minimum health and hygiene requirements [ 18 ]. For example, it is important for consumers to adopt some caution, such as avoiding raw foods, because the preservation methods required to keep them fresh are rarely possible on the street, or avoiding drinking running water [ 14 , 15 ]. It is also important that the surfaces on which food is processed and cooked are well cleaned and that fresh foods are stored in refrigerators. Finally, the handling of money with hands before serving or eating the food is another problem [ 3 , 7 , 14 ].

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the sanitary crisis, the consumers’ behavior in regard to food consumption and purchasing has significantly changed, particularly in urban cities in the most developed countries in the world [ 19 ]. Because of the persistence of lockdowns and the fear of the spread of contagions, consumers avoided traditional neighborhood markets of fresh foods, for the need of social distancing, and reduced the consumption of SF, preferring to buy food at supermarkets or grocery stores, often online, or requesting for home delivery [ 20 ]. In addition, it was observed that consumers stocked up essential items at home, and these behaviors largely remained even after the reopening [ 21 ]. Additionally, the SF economic sector was significantly affected, not only with regard to the lower number of local consumers but also for the absence of tourists/visitors, which is also an economic loss for SF sellers [ 22 , 23 ].

Because of the above-explained variation of food safety with geography, the term “Street Food Safety” calls for stronger contextualization and substantiation.

Despite the importance of studying issues related to the healthiness and safety of SF, notwithstanding scientific progress made in this field, bibliometric analysis of scientific works published on these topics is still lacking. Literature on SF begins around the end of nineties [ 24 ], and some studies have been conducted on SF and FS about specific topics such as hygienic practices [ 25 , 26 ], food allergens [ 27 ] and others, such as the tourism economic perspective for small enterprises [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Nevertheless, there is no bibliometric analysis attempting to provide an objective and comprehensive analysis of the existing interactions between these two topics. Abrahale et al., which presents a scoping review concerning SF and its socio-health aspects [ 31 ], and another Bouafou et al., [ 32 ] on food science and technology, and there are a few recent works in the literature on SF around the world and the risk perception toward FS in SF [ 33 , 34 ].

Therefore, the study of the links between the scientific topics SF and FS appears of interest for researchers that want to know how different disciplines, fields, expertise and documents/authors relate to each other while investigating those two topics, and discover any existence of a further scientific topic related to them, that is, “Street Food Safety” (SFS). This study focused on the two scientific topics of research, SF and FS, with the aim to highlight any strand of research concerned with studying the combined topic SFS or the two topics separately. Moreover, this study aims to identify which scientific fields emerge in which these two topics (SF and FS) are studied together, or in which field the specific SFS topic is studied. Specifically, the object of this paper was to discover, based on the empirical evidence, any existing objectively demonstrable interaction between the scientific topics of SF and FS, and the existence of the scientific field of research regarding “Street Food Safety”. The research questions were:

RQ1. What relation is there between street food and food safety topics in the scientific literature?

RQ2. What is the current scientific literature analyzing the “derived” composed topic “Street Food Safety”, by focusing on leading scientific contributions?

To answer these questions, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature based on scientific mapping [ 35 , 36 ] in order to highlight any aspect of the bibliometric links between SF topic and FS topic and any existence of the topic “Street Food Safety” highlighted by authors who have studied this theme in any scientific sector (not necessarily the field of exact sciences). Results provided an interesting insight into current research trends and potential directions for future research.

2. Materials and Methods

Following the objectives of this study, it was considered more appropriate to combine two methodological approaches. First, the PRISMA protocol [ 35 ], a proven procedure in the field of “systematic literature reviews” and “meta-analyses” that provides transparency and replicability to the review. By the use of this procedure, it was possible to obtain a representative set of scientific documents regarding the topics of “Street Food”, “Food Safety” and “Street Food Safety”. Moreover, using scientific mapping analysis (or bibliometric mapping analysis, using “keywords” analysis, co-citation analysis and “co-occurrence analysis”, it was possible to highlight how disciplines, fields, expertise and individual documents or authors relate to each other [ 34 , 37 ]. Both techniques have been used in previous works [ 35 , 36 ]. Keyword and co-occurrence investigation provided a theoretical framework of the relations between studies on SF and FS topics, and the combined topic of “Street Food Safety” (SFS), particularly the interactions between the three topics in diverse disciplines and the most interesting studies published related to these research themes (co-citation analysis).

2.1. Bibliometric Analysis

An extensive literature search, a chronological/conceptual review of international literature, was conducted in March 2021 and in February 2022, with the aim to find out scientific documents published from 2000 to 2021 (included) discussing the relations between the topics “Street Food” and “Food Safety” [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. This analysis was carried out on documents published from 2000 because, during the last 21 years, consumers and the scientific community have started to take more into consideration the problems linked to the risks to human health of the consumption of certain foods. In addition to that, the importance of the controls on foods quality and food safety have increased since that time, especially in developing countries, where the issue of food safety is still a very important public health issue.

The Clarivate Web of Science and the Elsevier Scopus databases were used for this study. The choice to combine these two databases allowed to reduce greatly any type of bias in the selection of data sources, as it ensured an adequate number and model of document classification according to the purpose of this study. In fact, it was thought to have a sufficient number of medium to high quality documents covering the natural and social sciences, both sectoral and interdisciplinary, within a formal or applied sciences system [ 41 ]. Moreover, the choice of the two databases appeared the most suitable to have a more heterogeneous significant sample, because of the high number of journals of medium–high quality indexed. Among all the scientific database, Google Scholar was excluded because it indexes many non-scientific papers. Finally, the PubMed database specializes in “biomedical literature”, and was therefore too sectorial, and not suitable for our investigation. Regarding the language used, there were selected scientific documents published in all languages.

The first step of the used method concerned the research and selection of the studies under investigation in the two databases.

Usually, PRISMA protocol is used in systematic literature reviews to show a series of successive stages that allowed us to select the relevant documents for the study. In this study, the PRISMA protocol was applied ( Figure 1 ) because, similarly to other bibliometric reviews [ 34 ], it appeared suitable to simplify the understanding of the study design followed, providing transparency and replicability of the review.

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is foods-11-00789-g001.jpg

Inclusion and exclusion criteria using PRISMA protocol. Final number of documents observed N = 276.

The initial search was screened and refined using the Elsevier “Search within” function, applying multiple combinations with article titles, abstract and keywords. The search terms were selected in line with previous research in the field of street food [ 35 , 36 ] used Boolean strategies that are: “Street Food” AND/OR “Food Safety” OR “Street Food Safety”. Through this procedure, a first database was created (identification).

After the first step of identifying the sample for analysis, the times when pairs of articles within the sample were cited in the other scientific documents within the entire Elsevier Scopus database were counted [ 35 , 36 ].

During the last twenty-one years, there has been a strong increased interest from academics for the topics concerning street food and/or food safety; therefore, it was decided to consider for this study all documents published from 2000. The extraction rules were limited the extrapolation only to scientific articles, books/book chapters and reviews fully published in Journals between 2000 and 2021 (included), written in all languages. It is possible that after 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the interest of researchers on street food safety increased further; therefore, this study can be continued into the future.

Duplicates and documents not providing original data (e.g., opinion papers), and study protocols were excluded. So, the initial database consisted of N = 414 documents.

From the initial database of documents, it was created a second database (N = 370), after having checked the consistence of contents with the words searched as representative of the research topics (SF, FS and SFS).

The final database consisted of N = 276 documents eligible for the bibliometric analysis, which included 231 articles (83.69%), 30 book chapters (10.86%) and 15 reviews (5.43%).

A first analysis of the selected documents was performed using basic quantitative statistics in order to know the characteristics of documents included in the final database (FD), such as year of publication, authors, type of document, document citations, scientific areas, countries, etc.

Subsequently, with the frequencies obtained some multivariate statistical techniques were applied, with the aim to identify the existent structure of connection among the documents based on the terms considered representative of the observed topics (SF, FS and SFS). For this BA, the software Microsoft VOSviewer (version 1.6.16.) was used. This (Van-Eck & Waltman, 2011, 2020) software allows researchers to create two-dimensional maps for the construction and visualization of bibliometric networks [ 42 , 43 ]. It enables us to build keyword networks extracted from scientific literature, using a text mining functionality. Using this software, it was possible to carry out the scientific mapping.

2.2. Science Map Analysis

The so-called scientific mapping, or “science maps”, are spatial representations that help to visualize the relations that arise among documents, based on links between authors, bibliographic references, journals, disciplines, and specific words. This type of network analysis allows researchers to search into the content of documents through the co-occurrence of “specific words” (SW) (or key-words). This methodology is especially suitable to know the intellectual structure of a specific research field or topic of interest. According to previous studies [ 34 , 36 ], the SW used in the content of documents and those contained in titles, abstracts and keywords are essential for the identification of significant topics within a specific research topic of issue.

The visual representation of the Science Map can be obtained using any bibliometric software [ 34 , 36 ]. For this study, the VOSviewer [ 42 , 43 ] appeared the most suitable because it provides a high-quality overview of targeted research topics. However, the information underlying the visual representations provided by the software is certainly of interest. In this study, due to the graphical power of the software, and the meaning of each of the visual representations, we wanted to know the relationships between the topics of “Street Food” and “Food Safety” and any scientific interest in the topic identified as “Street food Safety”, despite the possible non-use of the specific keyword.

Thanks to VOSviewer, the importance of a SW (node) is represented by its relative position in the network. The software calculates the importance of all the SW selected and displays the largest possible number of thematic networks. The node size represents the importance of those words, based on the frequency of occurrences [ 43 ]. Links between nodes denote the number of times words appear together, and the thickness of the link means the strength of the link.

Special words’ map analysis and links’ strength analysis (co-occurrence analysis) were performed. The co-occurrence analysis allowed us to discover any relations arising among the documents selected and the entity/strength of these relations (links), which consists of distances and label size, based on the frequency of words co-occurrences. Therefore, VOSviewer provided a visual representation of the networks among the three topics investigated: street food, food safety and street food safety.

This study provides the first bibliometric analysis (BA) and classification framework of the existing literature about street food and food safety and the bibliometric links between these two scientific topics. The aim was to know if the topic “Street Food Safety” was an existing cross-sectorial topic of interest for researchers, and what were the main scientific areas in which this issue was studied as relevant topic.

The final database (FD) consisted of 276 documents published and indexed in the two databases in the period between January 2000 and December 2021.

3.1. Analysis of the Selected Manuscripts: Data Description and Classification

Through this BA, it was possible to classify the documents observed by author names, title, year of publication, document’s type, journal’s title, and number of citations by other scientific documents. Despite the fact that there are several publications documenting these topics in various parts of the world, the most frequently cited publications are, primarily, cases studied in Africa and South America. Most of them are documents focusing on specific case studies on food safety of street food, with some theoretical contribution to existing theories. This might be because the problem of food safety of street food is very relevant in those world areas.

Results shows a progressive increase, albeit non-linear, from 2000 until 2021, of publications regarding topics of street food and food safety, as shown in Figure 2 .

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is foods-11-00789-g002.jpg

Evolution of the number of articles (276 documents observed) published per year.

It can be noticed that the number of scientific documents published increased significantly in 2014 (11.59% of the total 276 documents observed). Specifically, most of the published documents on the studied topics (204 documents, equal to 73.91% of total documents observed) were published between 2014 and 2022, with the exception of 2015, where there were only 12 articles, but that year was the only one not in line with the trend of the last 8 years.

Figure 3 shows the number of scientific documents on the topics SF and FS published from 2000 to 2021, by focused country.

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Object name is foods-11-00789-g003.jpg

Frequency of the scientific papers about street food and food safety by focused country.

It can be seen that India, with 35 documents on SF and/or FS (12.68% of the 276 documents), was the country with the highest number of interested authors; following India were Brazil, USA and Ghana, with more than 20 documents, South Africa with 20 documents (7.2% of total 276 documents), and then Indonesia (16 documents, 5.8%), Nigeria (4.3%), UK (4.3%) and Bangladesh (3.6%). This result highlights that generally, in the occidental countries and specifically in the EU, the topic of food safety for street food is not considered an issue, possibly thanks to specific strict regulations to preserve food quality and to maintain a high level of sanitary standards. Moreover, street food is much more frequently sold and consumed as a regular meal in developing countries than in those more developed [ 25 , 29 , 44 ].

Figure 4 shows a high heterogeneity of documents and the diversity of the research fields where the topics SF and/or FS were studied (12 research field in total), according to the number of documents published in the selected databases.

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Object name is foods-11-00789-g004.jpg

Number of published documents by research field.

The five research fields with more documents were: agricultural and biological sciences (included agricultural economics) with 137 documents—49.63% of the total (276); medicine (81 documents) 29.34% of the total; social sciences (48 document on 276) 17.39% of the total database; biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology 16.3% (45 documents) and immunology and microbiology 36 documents—13%. Following these were environmental science, engineering, business management and accounting, nursing, multidisciplinary, pharmacology and economics, econometrics and finance. In this scenario, it is interesting to observe that social sciences is a field where SF and FS were studied relatively frequently (almost 20% of the total documents observed), and also in combination.

Table 1 shows the top 20 most cited documents in the SD. Specifically, the manuscript of Mensah et al. (2002) [ 44 ] has the highest number of citations, 202 citations, among all the publications observed in the FD on an article analyzing safety and healthiness of street food in a city of Ghana. It is followed by a review of Rane (2011) [ 45 ], with a citation frequency of 103, that analyzes the problems of risks related to street food. By observing all the articles in this Table, it is possible to notice that the most recurring themes are the relationship between street food and the hygiene of the place where it is sold and consumed, and the fact that it has become an important public health issue in the developing continents. Other aspects investigated by the authors are related to the socio-economic role of the street food vendors. Most of these are documents published on very sectorial journals concerning food safety, knowledge and risk, etc. such as the journal “Food control”, which deals with these issues.

Rank of first 20 most cited articles.

Rank	Authors	Title	Year	Type	Journal	Cited by
1	Mensah P., Yeboah-Manu D., Owusu-Darko K., Ablordey A. [ ]	Street foods in Accra, Ghana: How safe are they?	2002	Article	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	202
2	Rane S. [ ]	Street Vended Food in Developing World: Hazard Analyses	2011	Review	Indian Journal of Microbiology	103
3	Zanin LM., da Cunha DT., de Rosso VV., Capriles VD., Stedefeldt E. [ ]	Knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in food safety: An integrative review	2017	Review	Food Research International	89
4	Omemu A.M., Aderoju S.T. [ ]	Food safety knowledge and practices of street food vendors in the city of Abeokuta, Nigeria	2008	Article	Food Control	88
5	da Cunha D.T., Stedefeldt E., de Rosso V.V. [ ]	The role of theoretical food safety training on Brazilian food handlers’ knowledge, attitude and practice	2014	Article	Food Control	81
6	Rheinländer T., Olsen M., Bakang J.A., Takyi H., Konradsen F., Samuelsen H. [ ]	Keeping up appearances: Perceptions of street food safety in urban Kumasi, Ghana	2008	Article	Journal of Urban Health	76
7	Mosupye F.M., Von Holy A. [ ]	Microbiological hazard identification and exposure assessment of street food vending in Johannesburg, South Africa	2000	Article	International Journal of Food Microbiology	73
8	Nyenje M.E., Odjadjare C.E., Tanih N.F., Green E., Ndip R.N. [ ]	Foodborne pathogens recovered from ready-to-eat foods from roadside cafeterias and retail outlets in alice, eastern cape province, South Africa: Public health implications	2012	Article	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	59
9	Muyanja, C., Nayiga, L., Brenda, N., Nasinyama, G. [ ]	Practices, knowledge and risk factors of street food vendors in Uganda	2011	Article	Food Control	59
10	Barro, N., Bello, A.R., Savadogo, A., Ouattara, C.A.T., & Iiboudo, A.J. [ ]	Hygienic status assessment of dish washing waters, utensils, hands and pieces of money from street food processing sites in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)	2006	Article	African Journal of Biotechnology	59
11	Hanashiro A., Morita M., Matté G.R., Matté M.H., Torres E.A.F.S. [ ]	Microbiological quality of selected street foods from a restricted area of São Paulo City, Brazil	2005	Article	Food Control	58
12	Samapundo, S., Climat, R., Xhaferi, R., Devlieghere, F. [ ]	Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors and consumers in Port-au-Prince, Haiti	2015	Article	Food Control	57
13	Idowu, O.A., Rowland, S.A. [ ]	Oral fecal parasites and personal hygiene of food handlers in Abeokuta, Nigeria	2006	Article	African Health Sciences	49
14	Cortese, R.D.M., Veiros, M.B., Feldman, C., Cavalli, S.B. [ ]	Food safety and hygiene practices of vendors during the chain of street food production in Florianopolis, Brazil: A cross-sectional study	2016	Article	Food Control	46
15	Lues, J.F.R., Rasephei, M.R., Venter, P., Theron, M.M. [ ]	Assessing food safety and associated food handling practices in street food vending	2006	Article	International Journal of Environmental Health Research	46
16	Liu, Z., Zhang, G., Zhang, X. [ ]	Urban street foods in Shijiazhuang city, China: Current status, safety practices and risk mitigating strategies	2014	Article	Food Control	41
17	von Holy, A., Makhoane, F.M. [ ]	Improving street food vending in South Africa: Achievements and lessons learned	2006	Review	International Journal of Food Microbiology	41
18	Samapundo, S., Cam Thanh, T.N., Xhaferi, R., Devlieghere, F. [ ]	Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors and consumers in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam	2016	Article	Food Control	40
19	Choudhury, M., Mahanta, L., Goswami, J., Mazumder, M., Pegoo, B. [ ]	Socio-economic profile and food safety knowledge and practice of street food vendors in the city of Guwahati, Assam, India	2011	Article	Food Control	40
20	Barro, N., Bello, A.R., Itsiembou, Y., (…), De Souza, C., Traoré, A.S. [ ]	Street-vended foods improvement: Contamination mechanisms and application of food safety objective strategy: Critical review	2007	Review	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	39

Note: Our elaboration on data from Elsevier Scopus and Web of Science Database, 2022.

3.2. VOSviewer Results: Science Maps

All the SW contained in the titles, abstracts and keywords of the 276 selected documents were selected, and they consisted of 797 words to be analyzed (census) [ 42 , 43 ]. Previously, the database was manually cleaned of duplicates, plural words, and other words considered not relevant for this study (e.g., “analysis”, “theory”, “study”, “review”, etc.). At the end, the words database consisted of 110 words. The 110 selected words were analyzed using the VOSviewer software, with the final result a science map showing the relationships between the various SWs, and among them, plus their association through the thematic clusters highlighted ( Figure 5 ).

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is foods-11-00789-g005.jpg

VOSviewer keywords analysis and co-occurrences in the selected documents.

In the map, it was possible to see clearly the bibliometric links between the two topics observed (SF and FS) and all the other correlated SW in the selected documents. As shown in Figure 5 , following the “VOSviewer keywords analysis” each node is a word, the larger the node, the higher the frequency of occurrence of the word identifying it. The lines between two nodes (links) and their thickness indicates the co-occurrence of two words in the same document. Specifically, links between/among nodes indicates that two or more words appear in the same document, and the thicker the line, the higher the frequency of word co-occurrence [ 42 , 43 ]. Moreover, the thickness of the link indicates the strength of the link based on co-occurrences. The network connections show the words that appear together more frequently in the analyzed documents. Thus, it is possible to identify clearly the most prevalent/important research topics discussed in the research/study documents, according to their authors.

The “VOSviewer keywords analysis” [ 42 , 43 ] highlighted two big clusters based on the 110 words analyzed. These words are displayed in the science map with 306 links that connect them to each other, highlighting the multidisciplinary approach to issues related to SF and FS.

The nodes’ size indicates the weight of the SW, i.e., its occurrences. Food safety is the biggest node, followed by Street Food. The word “Food Safety” appears in almost half of the documents in the selected database; consequently, this node is the biggest one, having the highest number of co-occurrences with the other linked words, and it clusters the largest number of correlated topics.

The second biggest cluster is that of the topic “Street Food”, which is obvious considering that these two words were the ones selected as “key-selection words” in the first phase of sampling in the Elsevier Scopus database. However, the interesting thing is the strength of the link between these two topics, which shows that there is high interest of research for the two combined topics of SF and FS. Furthermore, the nodes and the links discovered show what are the other principal topics studied in combination with SF and FS, this highlights the scientific sectors and issues wherein these two topics are studied together.

Very few documents (1.5% of the total documents observed) contained the word “Street Food Safety” in their titles, abstracts and keywords, regarding microbial safety, social determinants of health, public health intervention and food safety education in elementary school students. Due to the low frequency with which this word has been detected, it does not appear in the visual representation provided by the software.

It can be observed that the strongest connections of FS are with topics related to human health issues, such as “food”, “hygiene”, “nutrition”, “hazard” and “contamination”. Moreover, the most important connections with SF are other topics related to consumers and their awareness of SF hazards and SF characteristics, e.g., topics such as: “consumers”, “knowledge”, “street vendors”, “hazard”, “hygiene practices”, “women” and “nutrition”.

Table 2 shows the most relevant words found in the analysed documents based on occurrences and links’ strength.

Rank of the 15 most frequent keywords, occurrences and links’ strength.

Keyword	Occurrences	Total Links’ Strength (LS)
food safety	79	180
street food	48	104
hygiene	23	56
vendors	12	41
consumers	8	33
food hygiene	8	26
eschericchia coli	8	18
knowledge	7	35
street food vendors	7	16
street vendors	6	22
food quality	6	13
nutrition	5	24
food handler	5	16
antibiotic resistance	5	14
safety	5	14

Note: Our elaboration of data extracted from selected documents.

From the total of 276 selected articles and review documents, the keyword “Food Safety” was found in 79 documents, reflecting a percentage of 28.6% of the total number of documents, with the highest strength of the links (LS 180) that correlate it with other topics. It is not surprising that this topic is followed by “Street Food” with a frequency of 48, which is 17.2% of the 279 selected articles and a link strength (LS) of 104. Other frequent SW are “hygiene” (8.3%) and “vendors” (4.3%). “Consumers”, “Food hygiene” and “Es. Coli” (2.9%) are moderately frequent, although not as relevant as the first ones. These results show that the other SW do not have their own capability to be a multidisciplinary topic, because their combination with any of the other word observed is modest. On the other hand, these findings show the relevance of combination among SF and FS topics and other topics such as “consumers”, “food hygiene”, “knowledge”, “nutrition and diseases” and the way in which the issue of food safety of SF is studied.

Figure 6 displays the clusters’ density. This Figure shows the same bibliographic findings of Figure 5 , but without networks. In this Figure, the intensity/density of the color reveals the weight of each cluster measured by the number of items belonging to that cluster in the neighborhood of the point [ 36 , 37 ].

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is foods-11-00789-g006.jpg

Density visualization performed by the VOSviewer program.

The density of Cluster 1, with 58 words (data not shown) (63%), addresses “Food Safety” issues. Cluster 2 (density of 33 words) addresses street food issues, with a weaker cooperation strength than that of Cluster 1. The similar colors and their intensity show cooperation strength of the words, which identifies the topics studied in the same document.

Nevertheless, the interesting finding that emerges from this result is that the highest density is located in the proximity of the word FS and SF. Therefore, it is possible to demonstrate that a line of research, or a field, that studies issues and themes regarding “ Street Food Safety ” exists, despite the fact that this “key”-word is used very rarely in the selected documents.

4. Discussion

Through this pilot research, using a bibliometric analysis of scientific documents on the topics “Street Food” and “Food Safety”, it was attempted to discover the scientific interactions and connections between the two topics.

The first finding that emerges from the results is that the interest to pursue research related to food safety within street food sector has significantly increased during the last 21 years; in fact, between 2000 and 2021, the number of articles on street food, food safety and their connection increased progressively ( Figure 2 ). The aim of the studies observed was to study how to increase food safety and hygiene during preparation and consumption of street food and also the consumers’/vendors’ knowledge about this issue [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. Although the SFS covers a wide range of subject categories, a large proportion of the publications were related to street food and food safety separately. Specifically, it is possible to note that in the Cluster 1, according to the topics found [ 51 , 70 , 71 ], groups all the documents where the issue of food safety is discussed, and Cluster 2 groups documents about street food. Interactions between the street food topic and food safety, and other relevant research topics, show that relations are mainly related to economic topics [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ].

The analysis of the 279 selected documents highlights the increasing interest of researchers for issues of SF for human health, and thus the importance of FS for global and local policies [ 2 , 74 , 75 ]. Almost all public health challenges are discussed with regard to specific geographic areas, so there is an increase in the number of journals in these fields, journals such as Foods , Food Control , International Journal of Food Microbiology , etc.

The interactions between SF and FS can be also found by observing the other research sectors linked to them, such as “food allergies”, “diseases and hygiene”, “nutrition” and “food contamination” issues [ 1 , 55 , 76 , 77 ]. Topics related to nutrition, hygiene practices, food safety knowledge, hazard, contamination, microbiological quality, risk assessment, and others were the most discussed in the identified articles, showing some common issues of great concern. Much research has been conducted in developing countries [ 2 , 76 , 77 ].

Moreover, street food and food safety issues are closely related to the food system topics. In fact, most of the documents were included in the research area “Agricultural and Biological science” in which there are journals dealing with issues of “Agricultural Economics”. SFS research involves about 84% of all subject categories, meaning that there are numerous perspectives of research and scientific studies on the specific topic of SFS. The study found that SFS topics are studied mainly with regard to developing countries, such as India, Brazil and Ghana, which have undeveloped economies and little investment in scientific research. Nevertheless, this topic is also covered with regard to the USA. In fact, SFS cannot disregard based on political, socio-economic and environmental regional characteristics; nevertheless, the current bias in geographical distribution of SFS research seems acceptable and thus it allows the generalization of findings.

It is believed that further research targeting developed countries is needed [ 66 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ], and also the analysis of documents written in different languages other than English and indexed in other scientific databases, because they address these themes and topics from different point of view and with a more systemic approach.

This pilot study, with BA [ 81 ], contributes to the actual research showing a new latent field of research on “Street Food Safety”, because of the revealed closed links between the two topics, particularly in the research areas of medicine, agricultural economics, biological sciences, and social sciences. Therefore, this opens up a new potential research field in the literature. This novelty of findings may be of interest for other authors interested in studying the Street Food Safety issues from a broader interdisciplinary perspective, and not necessarily linked only to food hygiene or public health issues. In fact, results clearly show that there is an existing research interest on the SFS topic that includes other topics of cross-sectoral interest, studied primarily by academics of social sciences (agricultural economics, agricultural politics, economics, etc.), e.g., food quality topics, quality certifications, of the traceability and retraceability of a food product, block-chain, etc.

Limitations and Future Lines of Research

The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of the specific broad interest research sector of Street Food Safety . This pilot study, using BA [ 80 , 81 ], opens the door for future analysis by combining other databases of research documents that can confirm or contrast our results. However, the results of this study have some limitations that need to be addressed in future studies, and do not offer a unique view of reality. In particular, the most important is that, although we were able to obtain objective results on the topic of SF and FS and with regard to the discovered latent topic of Street Food Safety, some reasons behind these results are still not explained. Therefore, a more detailed analysis of the studies about the topic of Street Food Safety in developed countries appears useful in adjusting the geographic distribution of research documents analyzed. Therefore, to address this limitation, which is typical of BA [ 80 , 81 ], future research could be carried out with the using statistical methods suitable for explorative studies in social sciences. Additionally, these results could be integrated with a systematic literature review. However, the complexity of the phenomenon and its importance demonstrates that more research need to be conducted on the extensive topic of Street Food Safety.

5. Conclusions

This study is the first bibliometric analysis and classification framework to review systematically the status of the existing literature on the topic of “Street Food Safety” highlighting the bibliometric links between street food topic and food safety topic. The aim was to know if the topic “Street Food Safety” was an existing cross sectorial topic of interest for researchers, and what were the main scientific areas in which this issue was studied as relevant topic. A quantification of the increase in SFS-related interdisciplinary topics was made in order to highlight the importance that the scientific topic of SFS in acquiring progressively during the last 21 years (from 2000 to 2021).

Through the co-occurrence analysis of research countries and journals, and to citation analysis [ 35 , 36 , 81 ] we found that most research is performed in developing countries and that these countries have similar problems related to food safety of street food and health of regular consumers of street food. Furthermore, keywords analysis, co-occurrence analysis and cluster analysis, revealed the current research focus and trends [ 36 ]. Researchers are focused on one main aspect: food security related to street food preparation and consumption in the daily diet of consumers. This finding highlights that there is a developing field of research on the topic “Street Food Safety” and on all the other topics related to it. Specifically, the research sectors where authors investigate on this topic are those of the social sciences where topics are studied using an integrated and systemic view. Therefore, more research should be carried out in the future investigating documents that focus on developed countries also using other database to complete the analysis.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:

SF	Street Food
FS	Food Safety
SFS	Street Food Safety
BA	Bibliometric Analysis

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, C.B. and M.I.; methodology, C.B. and M.I.; software, C.B.; validation, C.B. and M.I.; formal analysis, S.B., C.B. and M.I.; investigation, C.B.; resources, S.B. and M.I.; data curation, C.B. and M.I.; project administration, C.B. and M.I.; writing—original draft preparation, C.B. and M.I.; writing—review and editing, S.B., C.B. and M.I.; visualization, S.B. and M.I.; supervision, C.B. and M.I.; funding acquisition, S.B., C.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

This research was partially funded by the research fund “FFR 2021 Prof. Simona Bacarella” And partially funded by the research project “Sostenibilità economica, ambientale e sociale del sistema agroalimentare del mediterraneo”, Principal investigator Prof. Claudio Bellia funded by PIAno di inCEntivi per la Ricerca di Ateneo (PIACERI) UNICT 2020/22 line 2, UPB: 5A722192154, University of Catania.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Navigating the Ozempic Frenzy: What Convenience-Store Executives Need to Know

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Food safety leaders from grocery stores and restaurants gathered last week to discuss concerns, challenges and solutions for food safety standards at Nation’s Restaurant News’ Food Safety Symposium sponsored by and held at the Ecolab research and development center in Eagan, Minnesota.

Ecolab provides water, hygiene and energy products and services to help its customers maintain clean and safe environments. Ecolab's services and solutions are used by businesses in the foodservice, hospitality, healthcare, food processing and industrial markets.

At the symposium, along with education on food safety and sustainability, Ecolab showed attendees its innovations that help businesses with best health practices . For example, Ecolab offers a service where businesses can send samples of material that they are considering installing, such as flooring or material for furniture, as well as samples of dishes and cooking utensils. Ecolab will test these materials and provide information about what exactly it is made of. It can also test for durability and recommend the best cleaning products.

The symposium’s education sessions and attendee discussions also dove into problem-solving strategies for food safety standards. Take a look at what topics retailers talked about.

Tracking Regulations

Tracking legislation can be difficult because there is a constant stream of information from regulators, leaders said. It’s most difficult to track local legislation, a bit easier to keep tabs on state legislation and easiest to remain in-the-know about federal legislation, according to retailers and restaurant leaders at the symposium.

One way to get ahead of this challenge, retailers said, is leveraging suppliers and communicating goals to help with different laws, sustainability and packaging.

Another solution that retailers recommended was finding a network of information to keep in touch with, whether it’s newsletters, conferences, joining a coalition and leveraging academia.

Organizations that leaders at the symposium utilize include the National Restaurant Association and Ecolab. In addition, the Conference for Food Protection provides education on new regulations that are coming out or that may be passing. Another educational conference is the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) Annual Educational Conference and Exhibition.

Dig into academia, attendees said, and contact the author of a research project. A lot of the time, authors are happy to talk about their articles.

Leveraging Technology

Retailers brought up the idea of using technology to onboard and train employees in food safety standards. Gamification and bite-sized training can make it more fun for employees to enjoy and retain training, like the way they absorb social media today.

Offering employees rewards, such as gift cards, for completing training was another idea. Training could also be more role-specific, leaders said, so employees aren’t inundated with information that doesn’t pertain to them.

Predictive tech would help stores get ahead of pest outbreaks, low soap and paper towel levels or a device not functioning properly. Ecolab is developing a new soap dispenser that has a blinking light when soap is running low. That way, a retailer knows exactly when to order more product, and it keeps them from guessing the best timing and wasting product. This would also improve the guest experience.

Making Data Actionable

While there’s a lot of data available, retailers struggle with driving decisions to make it actionable, especially in food safety. It’s manual and time consuming, they said.

Retailers want to receive data from vendors and from within their organizations that’s summarized and simplified, with specific recommendations on what to do with it.

Speaking a Different Language

Often, corporate executives aren’t as invested in food safety as they should be, retailers said. Sometimes, it's seen as an area of operations that should only be addressed when something goes wrong. Food safety leaders disagree, though, and want their higher-ups’ support and investment in the department.

It might just be a matter of “speaking a different language,” said a restaurant leader at the symposium. While the culture of the company is often based on what the higher-ups find important, like profits, phrasing food safety needs in terms of how it will benefit the business is an efficient approach.

Another way to get more of the organization on board and interested in the importance of food safety is having a mission statement written by the CEO. Having management’s buy-in gets everyone else on board, they said.

Store-Specific Standards

Many retailers have multiple types of store formats, including combinations of delis, hot food stations, bakeries and more. A checklist of food safety standards is not going to be the same across all locations, however, retailers found it challenging that food safety data doesn't differentiate between various store formats.

Concerns About Salmonella

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has declared that raw breaded stuffed chicken products containing Salmonella at levels of one colony forming unit (CFU) per gram or higher are adulterated, according to the USDA.

This means that it is illegal to sell these products if they are contaminated with the pathogen.

Retailers agreed that along with at store-level, the full supply chain is responsible for managing this.

They were comfortable with the standard operating procedures involved, though, and have addressed critical control points in documenting this.

When building out new locations stores, make sure that employees are trained on these precautions and aren’t cutting corners, they said. Consider focusing more on legal impact than on store operations with employees.

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Keywords: consumption, food choice, economics, buyer-seller relationships, food safety, consumption behaviors, consumer behavior, food quality, food security, information asymmetry . Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements.
Food safety
Key facts. Food safety, nutrition and food security are inextricably linked. An estimated 600 million - almost 1 in 10 people in the world - fall ill after eating contaminated food and 420 000 die every year, resulting in the loss of 33 million healthy life years (DALYs). US$ 110 billion is lost each year in productivity and medical ...
Interventions in food business organisations to improve food safety
This review (n = 20) investigates food safety interventions in food businesses to identify effective strategies to improve food safety practices and FSC, and to provide recommendations for improving FSC. Results found that most interventions focused on knowledge training and that workplace practical demonstrations produced the best outcomes.
Exploration of Food Security Challenges towards More Sustainable Food
The research string "Food Safety" OR "Food diversity" OR "Food quality" OR "Food standards" OR "Micronutrient availability" was added due to one of the food security dimensions: utilization, which is concerned with all aspects of food safety, and nutrition quality . According to FAO (2019), the utilization dimension should ...
81 Food Safety Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
Food Safety and Organic Growing in the USA. According to Ehlermann, the technique allows to contain food spoilage, destroy foodborne pathogens, such as bacteria, and eliminate the effects of insect pests without significantly affecting the taste or smell of food. Wildlife Conservation and Food Safety for Human.
150+ Food Research Paper Topics for You to Explore
How to Choose the "Ideal" Food Research Topics. 150+ Ideas of Experimental Research Titles about Food. Research Title about Food Processing. Interesting Research Topics on Fast Food. Research Title about Food Industry. Research Title about Cookery Strand Brainly. Trending Experimental Food Research Topics. Research Title about Food Safety.
Food Safety
Related Topics. Restaurant Food Safety About Norovirus View All Food ... Follow key food safety steps to prevent foodborne illness. Learn More. Apr. 29, 2024. Featured content. People at Increased Risk for Food Poisoning. Certain groups are at higher risk for foodborne illness. Apr. 29, 2024. Symptoms of Food Poisoning.
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Sponsored Content is a special paid section where industry companies provide high quality, objective, non-commercial content around topics of interest to the Food Safety Magazine audience. All Sponsored Content is supplied by the advertising company and any opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and not necessarily reflect the views of Food Safety Magazine or its parent ...
Interactions between Street Food and Food Safety Topics in the
Interactions between the street food topic and food safety, and other relevant research topics, show that relations are mainly related to economic topics [72,73,74,75]. The analysis of the 279 selected documents highlights the increasing interest of researchers for issues of SF for human health, and thus the importance of FS for global and ...
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Explore reliable resources on food, nutrition, physical activity, and food safety to help you build healthy habits.
6 Food Safety Topics Retailers, Restaurant Leaders Discussed at Ecolab
Food safety leaders from grocery stores and restaurants gathered last week to discuss concerns, challenges and solutions for food safety standards at Nation's Restaurant News' Food Safety Symposium sponsored by and held at the Ecolab research and development center in Eagan, Minnesota.. Ecolab provides water, hygiene and energy products and services to help its customers maintain clean and ...

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Interactions between Street Food and Food Safety Topics in the Scientific Literature—A Bibliometric Analysis with Science Mapping

Simona Bacarella

Marzia Ingrassia

1. Introduction

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Bibliometric Analysis

2.2. Science Map Analysis

3.1. Analysis of the Selected Manuscripts: Data Description and Classification

3.2. VOSviewer Results: Science Maps

4. Discussion

Limitations and Future Lines of Research

5. Conclusions

Abbreviations

Author Contributions

Institutional Review Board Statement

ASCEND for Better Health

Diet and Health Conditions

Dietary Supplements

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Food Security and Access

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Navigating the Ozempic Frenzy: What Convenience-Store Executives Need to Know

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