health and social care a level coursework

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Unit 5 - Paragraphs - Coursework

Health and social care – policy and politics, university of winchester.

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Preview text, meeing individual care and support needs.

Promoing equality and diversity for individuals with diferent needs is central to providing high quality care within the health and social care services. Individuals accessing health and social care services are oten in a vulnerable situaion and therefore need to be protected and free from discriminaion. There are two key pieces of legislaion in the UK which focuses on prevening discriminaion, these are the Equality Act 2010 and the Human Rights Act 1998.

The Equality Act 2010 is a legal framework to protect the rights of individuals and equality for all. The Equality Act provides a discriminaion law or legislaion to protect individuals from unfair treatment to ensure we are living in a more equal society. Individuals should be treated fairly regardless of their race e. where you are from and the culture you come from; religion e. Chrisianity, Jewish or Buddhism; gender e. male, female or other; age e. how old you are to show how mature or responsible people think you may be; disability e. being in a wheelchair or reduced mental capacity; marriage e. who you are married to; civil partnership e. being in a same sex partnership; pregnancy e. how old you are when you give birth and sexual orientaion e. LGBTQ.

The Human Rights Act 1998 is a UK legislaion that defends your rights and treats everyone

equally, with fairness, dignity and respect. Individuals have the right to life; the prohibiion

of torture and inhuman treatment for example, abuse; protecion against slavery and forced labour; the right to liberty and freedom e. not being held against your wishes; the right to a fair trial and no punishment without law for example, going to jail with a fair court hearing; respect for privacy, family life and the right to marry; freedom of thought for example, being able to think what you want about any subject; religion and belief; free speech and peaceful protest; no discriminaion; protecion of property; the right to an educaion; the right to free elecions.

Legislaions are fair and indiscriminate in order to provide an equal and fair set of rules. These are put in place to help prevent discriminaion within society. The Equality Act 2010 and the Human Rights Act 1998 prevent discriminaion by recognising that certain characterisics need protecing. For example, race, sexual orientaion, disability or religion, are all examples of what someone may be discriminated for. By protecing these and other characterisics, it gives people security to challenge discriminaion in order to feel safe and secure in the society we live in. This can maintain individual’s human rights and dignity.

Billy has a sight impairment which is a disability and he could be discriminated as a result. Staf need to make sure that Billy has equal rights and opportuniies as other service users, to ensure he is not discriminated against. They also need to follow the Equality Act 2010 so that staf are not discriminaing Billy for his sight impairment and provide him with braille lessons. Billy may also face discriminaion for his age; as he is only 18 years old, Billy may not be taken seriously and treated like a child. This will have negaive impacts on his health and wellbeing.

Tremayne has auism. He may be discriminated for his disability, which is one of the protected characterisics. Staf need to make sure that Tremayne feels comfortable in the health and social care seing and apply the Equality Act 2010 to Tremayne’s situaion in order to provide him with the best quality care that is equal and fair for all service users. Tremayne is 54 years old and with auism he may ind it diicult to form relaionships, meaning he may become isolated and scared while in hospital. Staf need to make sure that Tremayne feels happy and supported in hospital so that he is not discriminated for his disability.

Promoing equality and diversity is important in health and social care seings because it gives all service users equal opportuniies to aciviies, treatment and anything else the service may provide. For example, it is important Billy gets equal opportuniies so that necessary adapions are made for him; e. braille or audio informaion. This gives Billy equal access to all the services available to him, and empower him to feel safe and happy about the treatment he is receiving. Under the Equality Act 2010, Billy is protected for his physical

Explain the skills and personal atributes necessary for professionals who care

For individuals with diferent needs.

In order for professionals to efecively care for individuals with diferent needs it is essenial that they have a range of skills and atributes that they can draw upon. These include people skills, communicaion skills and observaion skills. For example, professionals must have good people skills where they can conidently talk to service users in a friendly way without making things uncomfortable for them. They must also, have good communicaion skills in order to efecively tell the service user what is happening to them, and professionals should have good observaion skills to successfully observe and take into account any informaion they have gathered.

There are 6 key principles of care outlining some of the main skills required by professional for them to provide a high quality of care to the service users. These are called the 6c’s; care, compassion, competence, communicaion, courage and commitment. Care means the provision of what is necessary for the health and welfare, protecion and treatment of someone. For example, caring for an elderly person in hospital. Professionals need to demonstrate that they care for their service users in order to provide a friendly caring environment for people to come to when they are feeling unwell. Professionals can do this by having good people skills and being welcoming to the service users. Compassion means feeling sympatheic, pity and concern for the suferings or misfortunes of others in their health and social care seing. Professionals need to be compassionate to show that they really care for those around them and that they are willing to help those feeling unwell to feel beter again. Competence means that staf have the ability to do something successfully or eiciently in their seing to provide accurate care for their service users. They can do this by making a detailed account of an individual’s care plan and treatment. Communicaion is important for staf to efecively tell service users what is happening with their treatment or care plan. Professionals can do this by having a friendly welcoming personality. Courage means having the strength in the face of pain or grief. Staf need be like this to provide comfort to those service users that are grieving or feeling very unwell. Commitment means the state or quality of being dedicated to something. Professionals need to demonstrate

they are commited to helping others and show that they truly do want to support service users to feel beter.

It is important for health professionals to have efecive communicaion skills and to understand the posiive efect of listening and responding to service users. For example, just siing and listening to someone can have a posiive impact on that individual’s wellbeing. When a service user is speaking to a health care professional it is important for them to listen properly, for example not looking around or acing uninterested, instead make eye contact and ensuring body language looks engaging. By acing uninterested and looking around the service user will not feel valued by the professional and not worthy of their atenion, it may also make the service user have low self-esteem. The process of acive listening and responding includes, giving the person ime to speak and get their point across, not interruping when the service user is speaking, giving encouragement, asking quesions for clariicaion, showing empathy, looking interested by making eye contact all the ime, not being distracted by anything around them, for example, iddling with something and inally summarising to check what they have understood is correct. This is paricularly important when working with Tremayne, as he has a history of auism and mental health illness therefore it is importance he feels understood and listened to.

sufering from a broken leg and a wheat allergy. Tremayne’s social worker can promote his right to choice and freedom, by asking him what he wants to do during the day and what he may want to eat. Billy is homeless and has asthma which is made worse by the cold damp condiions on the street. He also has a visual impairment making his life more diicult. Billy’s social or youth worker can promote his autonomy by helping him make amends with his family in order to help get him of the streets. This can have a posiive impact on his health as his asthma wouldn’t get worse. This example reinforces the importance of autonomy and allowing the service user choice and control over their life.

The autonomy and dignity principles are a key guide for social workers in the 2012 Briish Associaion of Social Workers. They issued a revised code of ethics, one of the three key principles guiding them is human rights and respect for the worth and dignity of all people. Professionals working with Billy and Tremayne need to make sure this is at the centre of work to ensure that they are maintaining their worth and dignity. This allows them the choice and opportuniies to make their own informed decisions on where they want to live and what things they want to eat. For example, Tremayne can have the opportunity to have wheat free food so that he can sill eat the pizza and sandwiches he like while not geing ill. Billy will be able to receive help to move of the street and live in dignity in his own home or shared accommodaion.

There is never an easy answer when facing conlicts of interest, suggested by Rasheed et al. Professionals should use ethical theories and principles to do the best they can for their clients and help to overcome the ethical issues. For example, doing your best for the service user may create conlicts that may have a negaive impact on their wellbeing. Health and social care staf can support Billy to face his conlicts with his parents to improve his quality of life. This is further supported within the NMC Code of Conduct where nurses and midwives are instructed to make their care and safety the main concern for their paient, make sure that their dignity is protected and their needs are recognised, assessed and responded to. This is done to make the service users feel content and comfortable within the health and social care seing.

Non-maleicence means non-harming or inlicing the least harm possible to reach a beneicial outcome, it will ensure that Tremayne does not come to any unnecessary harm during his ime in hospital or with his carers at home. For example, Tremayne has a wheat allergy and non-maleicence can make sure his carers do not use wheat in any food they prepare for him in his home. This will also have beneits for Billy because he will not come into any unnecessary harm when he was admited to hospital for his asthma atack. This shows that professionals incorporate duty-based ethics to do the right thing even if that produces more harm than good, and ensure they efecively address ethical issues. The BBC ethics page supports this conclusion by suggesing that people have a duty to do the right thing and this can guide them in the decision they make. This can have posiive and negaive impacts on the service users.

Decisions about what ethical approach is most appropriate can be diicult. Legislaions and guidance can be used to help inform the professional on what approach to use, such as the Mental Capacity Act 2007. This law helps the professional decide whether the service user has the capacity to make decisions for themselves or whether the professional needs to make an informed decision on their behalf. The law aims to increase the caring role of the praciioners and can be used in relaion to service users with poor mental health. Tremayne has auism and may ind it hard to make raional decisions, under the Mental Capacity Act Tremayne should be provided with an independent advocate who can represent his views and opinions, so he sill has a choice in what happens. As this promotes choice and would encourage Tremayne to focus on the good intenions regardless of the outcome.

The policy frameworks as well as legislaions can be used to guide professionals to help Billy and Tremayne overcome their challenges. For example, staf can guide Tremayne to overcome the barriers auism causes and allows his to develop as a person and not allow his condiion to efect his health and wellbeing. The NHS paient experience framework understands the criical elements that impact the service users. This includes emoional support and alleviaion of fear and anxiety. It will be helpful in supporing Tremayne in

Lack of knowledge and awareness are challenges that are prevening Billy from accessing health and social care services. For example, Billy does not know that he can freely access services to help with his asthma. Most service users in the health and social care sector encounter challenges like this. In the case study, Billy is homeless and was admited to the community hospital by a passing paramedic when he had an asthma atack in the street. Billy was made homeless ater a fallout with his mother and her partner, resuling in conlict and negaive emoions. The fact the Billy has not been to a service to help with his asthma illustrates that Billy is not aware that he is enitled to a free NHS GP service. It also shows that he is not aware that the environment in which he is living can increase chances of asthma atacks and resuling in poor health and wellbeing. As Billy is living on the streets shows that he does not have knowledge on the organisaions that assist vulnerable adults such as the housing associaion, adult social services and Shelter UK. These services can help Billy get of the street and begin to live his life properly, with the addiional support he needs.

Training courses are signiicant strategies available to help individuals with care and support needs to overcome challenges they may be facing in life. There are training courses that assist service providers or professionals to meet service user’s care and support needs. For example, professionals might access a training course to help them care and support a service user who is blind or death. These courses can include Briish sign language training, braille training or other methods to help those who are blind or death. The organisaions that run these courses include local health and social care councils and hospitals. In the case study, the professionals who are supporing Billy who has a visual impairment, could access a training course on how to provide the best quality care and support needed for his speciic needs. Billy also has asthma and professionals supporing him can also take training courses to provide support or help to get him of the streets in order to improve his asthma and reduce the number of atacks he may have. Training can also be provided for service users family, friends and relaives so that they understand and know the challenges they may face. It is important they know how to provide support and care for the individual, so training is an appropriate method of providing care and support for the service user when the professionals are unable to help.

Training can have many beneits but there are also some disadvantages. For example, training can be a waste of ime and money as organisaions need to spend money, ime and hire other people purposely for training. The NHS spends roughly £14 billion on training every year, this igure is expected to rise in the coming years. It would be more beneicial if the NHS spent less money on training and more money on the services they provide. However, as a result of training there is an increased eiciency in processes within the service, this can result in inancial gain and help the NHS provide beter care for their service users. By moving staf away from their usual job to train others can have negaive efects on the quality of care they provide. It puts the service and staf under increased stress as a result of reduced numbers of staf. However, training can provide new job opportuniies and allow employee moivaion. This can increase capacity to adopt new techniques, technologies and methods to help provide beter, more diverse quality care and support. Training has its beneits and disadvantages, but overall, I think training is a good way to develop the care and support services provide and allow people to develop new skills and knowledge.

Argyle’s theory of efecive communicaion is how we communicate with others to make them understand. For example, an idea occurs about something, the message is coded and then sent. The other person receives the message, decodes it and has understood what they are talking about. Argyle’s theory points out where someone may struggle with communicaion. An example of this could be, an individual with auism may be ine up to the point where the message has to be decoded. This means that they may need support and help with this idea and it can be made easier if the professional explains things more simply so that they can understand. Other communicaion challenges could be when a service user is blind or death. This means they cannot pass the receiving point in the theory. Professionals working with service users who are blind, or death need to use other methods of communicaion so that they can be comfortable with their condiion. For example, braille or Briish sign language can help an individual overcome their communicaion challenges. These approaches are the most efecive form of communicaion for those that are blind or death, and can help the service user explore all treatments and opportuniies available. If a

Explain the beneits of promoing personalisaion when overcoming challenges

Faced by individuals with diferent needs.

Personalisaion is the term used for ensuring that everyone receives care and support needed to set their own personal goals, have choice and control over the shape of their care and support. Service users can be given control over the services they receive by being allowed to control how some of the budget for their support is spent. This links to the Care Act 2014 because it encourages caregivers to take a person-centred approach when safeguarding vulnerable adults. When you follow the principles, you too place the vulnerable person's wellbeing and needs at the forefront of safeguarding processes, personalising their care to best suit their needs.

If an adult of any age has care and support needs, for example, physical or mental impairment or illness, cannot achieve two or more speciied outcomes, and if these outcomes are not met it is likely it will have a signiicant impact on their health wellbeing, then they are eligible for funding for their care and support. If this person doesn’t meet the naional eligibility criteria, the local authority will give them informaion on how to ind funding or ways in which to fund it themselves. if the local authority is paying for the person’s care it is allowed to choose what it feels is the most cost-efecive method. However, if the person is self-funding their care, then they can make the choice about any treatment and methods used. This can afect the control the service user has over their care because it can result in them feeling constricted to what they feel may not be the most efecive treatment for them. This can leave them feeling trapped and unable to play a part in changing the outcome of their future. In the case study, Billy would it the naional eligibility criteria as he is visually impaired and sufering with worsening asthma. This means he is unable to do certain tasks that could signiicantly impact his health and wellbeing.

Billy is 18 years old and living on the streets ater an argument with his mother and a violent ight with her partner. The thing that maters to Billy the most is geing of the street and into his own accommodaion to prevent his asthma from worsening further. When living on the streets Billy has been eaing out of the bins from restaurants in order to eat each day, this has made him have stomach pains, which need to be factored into his care plan. Billy also has visual impairments which make living on the streets even more diicult, when

feel he is understood and listened to, which when he isn’t can make his very distressed and angry. One of our most important rights we have is to be independent, to make our own decisions and our own choices, and to feel in control of our own lives. It is important to promote this and allow service users to have control over their care and support to keep in control of their rights, choices and decisions.

Tremayne needs a dieician to create a food plan taking into account his wheat allergy yet sill including the sandwiches and pizza he enjoys. By respecing what Tremayne prefers to eat the dieician is tailoring the plan to Tremayne’s speciic needs and giving him a choice in what he eats. It is important for the dieician to do this so that Tremayne sill get to eat what he wants but his health is taken care of. It also allows his to feel in control of his life and able to enjoy what he wants.

A doctor can help Billy feel in control of his care by seing out an individualised care plan that takes into account all his speciic needs, choices and rights. By respecing his needs Billy will feel more comfortable and secure with his care allowing him to focus on himself rather than the litle things that can be taken care of by the professionals helping him.

Personalising care has beneits for all service users. Personalised care improves people's health and wellbeing, joins up care in local communiies, reduces pressure on stretched NHS services and helps the health and care system to be more eicient. For example, someone who needs muliple diferent caring needs can use a muli-agency working team to get a wide range of services, freeing up professionals to reduce the pressure on the NHS and make the service beter. Personalised care also helps people with muliple physical and mental health condiions make decisions about managing their health, so they can live the life they want to live, based on what maters to them, as well as the evidence-based, good quality informaion from the health and care professionals who support them. This can help Tremayne and Billy because it beneits their care and support while in hospital.

Personalised care helps care for the holisic needs of the service user, without personalised care parts of their care may be missed and the service user may feel disadvantaged or out of control of their own health and wellbeing. For example, Tremayne has muliple needs and choices that he wants to be considered in his care plan. Without personalised care Tremayne may feel distressed as his needs would not be understood and he may become disrupive and subject to outbursts of temper. For Billy, personalised care would mean he is treated like an adult and taken seriously. He has muliple needs including being visually impaired, these need to be included in his care plan to allow him to feel in control of his rights, choices and decisions. Without personalised care Billy may feel angry and worthless as a result of professionals not meeing all his care needs. If the care was not personalised for all service users the outcome would result in bad quality care and support, and service users geing distressed and angry.

Analyse the impact of prevening discriminaion for individuals with diferent

of medical errors. Going overboard with empathy can result in skewed judgement, which is a dangerous thing in a health and social care seing.

It is important that the professionals are acive in challenging discriminaion, this could be through applying one of the 6’cs of nursing which are: care, compassion, competence, communicaion, courage and commitment. Courage is speaking up when discriminaion or poor pracice is occurring from staf towards service users. This is also known as whistleblowing and can help improve the quality of care within the organisaion. Staf need to have compassion for their service users in order to make them feel cared for and secure within the health and social care seing. Staf can acively challenge discriminaion by being compassionate to their paients because they will feel they can talk to the professionals and trust you to help them with any issues they may have. By being competent, staf can efecively and successfully challenge discriminaion for both staf and the service users. This is important because it decreases the number of cases of discriminaion and allows service users and staf to feel happier in their seing. It’s important to communicate when there is acive discriminaion in order to help the individual involved and resolve the situaion. For example, talking about discriminaion to a member of staf can help them to share their issue and allow the individual to feel cared for. By being commited to acively challenge discriminaion can have posiive impacts on the individual’s wellbeing because it makes them feel like they are helping others to be content when being in a health and social care seing.

The empathy theory by American psychologist Marin Hofman shows the social and emoional development and especially the development of empathy. He worked on how we develop morally, for example, knowing right from wrong, principals and how we behave. Staf in a health and social care seing, for example a hospital, need to be empatheic to their service users in order to show that they care, and they have an understanding of how they may be feeling. Billy who is 18 years old and is sufering with asthma as well as being homeless; needs compassion and empathy as he is experiencing a very diicult ime on the streets and is also facing family issues. Tremayne who is 54 years old and is having to cope

with a leg broken in three places as well as living alone at home. He needs the staf to be compassionate and empatheic as he gets frustrated and distressed easily. The empathy theory shows how staf being empatheic towards their service users can cause posiive impacts for their health and wellbeing.

Assess diferent methods professionals might use when building relaionships

And establishing trust with individuals with needs.

• Multiple Choice

Module : Health And Social Care – Policy And Politics

University : university of winchester.

• Discover more from: Health And Social Care – Policy And Politics University of Winchester 10   Documents Go to course
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