short essay on uttar pradesh

Essay on Uttar Pradesh in English (150, 200, 250, 500 Words)

Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, pulsates with diversity, history, and potential. Spanning ancient civilizations, vibrant cultures, and economic dynamism, it stands as a microcosm of India’s rich tapestry and evolving narrative.

Here, we’ve presented essays on “Uttar Pradesh” in 150, 200, 250 & 500 word samples. All the essays will be helpful for students of all classes i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & class 12.

Table of Contents

Essay on Uttar Pradesh in 150 Words

Introduction.

Uttar Pradesh, often abbreviated as UP, is one of the largest and most populous states in India. Situated in the northern part of the country, Uttar Pradesh has a rich historical and cultural heritage. Its capital city, Lucknow, is renowned for its majestic architecture, vibrant arts, and mouthwatering cuisine.

History and Heritage

Uttar Pradesh boasts a history that dates back to ancient times. It was the cradle of the Indus Valley Civilization and has been ruled by various dynasties, including the Mauryas, Guptas, and Mughals. The state is dotted with numerous historical sites and monuments, such as the iconic Taj Mahal in Agra, the grand forts of Allahabad, and the serene ghats of Varanasi.

Diversity and Culture

The cultural tapestry of Uttar Pradesh is diverse and colorful. It is home to people from different backgrounds, religions, and communities. The state celebrates various festivals with great fervor, including Diwali, Eid, Holi, and Navratri. The traditional dance forms like Kathak and the melodious strains of Hindustani classical music find their roots deeply embedded in Uttar Pradesh’s cultural ethos.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh is not just a state; it’s a melting pot of history, heritage, and culture. Its significance in shaping India’s past and present cannot be overstated. From its ancient ruins to its bustling cities, Uttar Pradesh continues to enchant visitors with its timeless charm and vibrant spirit.

Uttar Pradesh Essay in 200 Words

Uttar Pradesh, often referred to as UP, holds a pivotal position in India’s socio-economic and cultural landscape. With its vast geographical expanse and dense population, it stands as one of the most influential states in the country. Its capital, Lucknow, serves as a hub of administrative, cultural, and commercial activities, embodying the essence of Uttar Pradesh.

Geographical Significance

Nestled in the northern part of India, Uttar Pradesh is blessed with diverse geographical features. From the fertile plains of the Gangetic basin to the rugged terrain of the Himalayan foothills, the state offers a panorama of landscapes. The majestic rivers Ganga and Yamuna flow through its heart, sustaining agriculture and providing livelihoods to millions.

Economic Dynamics

Uttar Pradesh plays a crucial role in India’s economy. It is an agrarian state, with agriculture being the primary occupation of a significant portion of its population. The state is also witnessing rapid industrialization, especially in cities like Noida, Ghaziabad, and Kanpur. The manufacturing sector, including textiles, leather, and chemicals, contributes significantly to the state’s GDP.

Social Fabric

The social fabric of Uttar Pradesh is woven with threads of diversity and pluralism. It is home to people from various linguistic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. The harmonious coexistence of Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, and others exemplifies the state’s secular ethos.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh stands as a microcosm of India, reflecting its myriad hues and complexities. Its journey from ancient civilizations to modern metropolises is a testimony to its resilience and adaptability. As Uttar Pradesh continues to evolve, it remains an integral part of India’s narrative, shaping its past, present, and future.

Essay Writing on Uttar Pradesh in 250 Words

Uttar Pradesh, the heartland of India, is not just a state but a microcosm of the nation’s diversity and dynamism. With a population exceeding 200 million, it stands as the most populous state in India, contributing significantly to the country’s socio-economic fabric. Its capital, Lucknow, resonates with the echoes of its glorious past and the aspirations of its burgeoning populace.

Historical Tapestry

The history of Uttar Pradesh is intertwined with the annals of Indian civilization. From the ancient city of Varanasi, believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, to the architectural marvels of the Mughal era in Agra, the state is a living testament to India’s rich heritage. The first recorded history of Uttar Pradesh dates back to the Vedic period, around 1400 BCE, when it was known as the kingdom of Kuru.

Economic Landscape

Uttar Pradesh is a powerhouse of agricultural production in India. It ranks first in the country in terms of food grain production, contributing significantly to the nation’s food security. The state is also emerging as a key player in the industrial sector, with sectors such as textiles, sugar, and chemicals leading the way. With the implementation of various government initiatives, including the “Make in India” campaign, Uttar Pradesh is poised for robust economic growth in the coming years.

Cultural Melting Pot

The cultural diversity of Uttar Pradesh is reflected in its festivals, cuisine, and arts. Whether it’s the colorful celebrations of Holi in Mathura, the soul-stirring qawwalis of Lucknow, or the delectable kebabs of Awadh, the state offers a sensory extravaganza for visitors. Uttar Pradesh has also been a cradle of various art forms, including classical music and dance, nurturing talents that have left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of India.

Social Dynamics

Uttar Pradesh, with its vast population and diverse communities, faces numerous social challenges. Issues such as poverty, gender inequality, and caste-based discrimination continue to persist, posing hurdles to the state’s development. However, initiatives aimed at inclusive growth and social empowerment are gradually transforming the social fabric of Uttar Pradesh, paving the way for a more equitable future.

Environmental Concerns

Despite its agricultural bounty, Uttar Pradesh grapples with environmental degradation and pollution. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have taken a toll on its natural resources, including air and water quality. Addressing these environmental concerns is crucial for sustainable development and ensuring a better quality of life for the people of Uttar Pradesh.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh epitomizes the essence of India, with its rich tapestry of history, culture, and diversity. As the state marches towards progress and development, it must navigate the challenges of the 21st century while staying true to its roots. With concerted efforts and inclusive policies, Uttar Pradesh has the potential to emerge as a beacon of growth and prosperity, not just for itself but for the entire nation.

Writing an Essay on Uttar Pradesh in 500 Words

Uttar Pradesh, colloquially known as UP, is a state of immense significance in the Indian context, both historically and demographically. With a population exceeding 200 million people, it is the most populous state in India, comprising over 16% of the country’s total population. Its geographical expanse covers 243,290 square kilometers, making it the fourth-largest state in terms of area. Uttar Pradesh is bounded by Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh to the north, Haryana and Delhi to the northwest, Rajasthan to the west, Madhya Pradesh to the southwest, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand to the south, and Bihar to the east. This strategic location places it at the crossroads of various cultural, economic, and political influences.

Historical Significance

The history of Uttar Pradesh dates back to ancient times, with archaeological evidence suggesting human habitation in the region as early as the Stone Age. It served as the cradle of several ancient civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization and the Vedic period. The state has witnessed the rise and fall of numerous empires, such as the Mauryas, Guptas, and Mughals, each leaving behind a rich legacy of art, architecture, and culture. One of the most iconic landmarks of Uttar Pradesh is the Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

Economic Backbone

Uttar Pradesh is an agrarian state, with agriculture forming the backbone of its economy. It ranks first in India in terms of food grain production, contributing significantly to the nation’s food security. The state is a major producer of crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, and potatoes. Additionally, Uttar Pradesh has a burgeoning industrial sector, particularly in areas like textiles, leather, and chemicals. The state government has been actively promoting industrial growth through initiatives such as the “Uttar Pradesh Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy,” aimed at attracting investments and generating employment opportunities.

Cultural Diversity

The cultural landscape of Uttar Pradesh is incredibly diverse, reflecting the amalgamation of various traditions, languages, and religions. The state is home to a plethora of festivals, including Diwali, Holi, Eid, and Navratri, each celebrated with great fervor and enthusiasm. The cuisine of Uttar Pradesh is equally eclectic, ranging from the spicy chaats of Lucknow to the mouthwatering sweets of Mathura. The arts have flourished in Uttar Pradesh for centuries, with classical dance forms like Kathak and traditional music forms like thumri and dadra finding patronage among the masses.

Social Challenges

Despite its rich cultural heritage and economic potential, Uttar Pradesh faces several social challenges. Poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy are persistent issues that continue to plague large sections of the population. The state also grapples with gender inequality, with women often facing discrimination and violence in both public and private spheres. Moreover, caste-based discrimination remains prevalent in many parts of Uttar Pradesh, hindering social cohesion and inclusive development.

Political Landscape

Uttar Pradesh plays a pivotal role in Indian politics, often referred to as the “political heartland” of the country. With 80 Lok Sabha seats, it holds significant sway in national elections, often determining the outcome of parliamentary contests. The state has been a bastion of various political parties over the years, with regional parties like the Samajwadi Party and the Bahujan Samaj Party wielding considerable influence alongside national parties like the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress.

Environmental degradation is another pressing issue facing Uttar Pradesh. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and deforestation have taken a toll on the state’s natural resources, leading to air and water pollution, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity. The effects of climate change, including erratic weather patterns and rising temperatures, further exacerbate these environmental challenges, necessitating urgent action to mitigate their impact.

Infrastructure Development

In recent years, Uttar Pradesh has witnessed significant strides in infrastructure development. Projects such as the Lucknow Metro, the Agra-Lucknow Expressway, and the Purvanchal Expressway have enhanced connectivity and spurred economic growth across the state. The government has also focused on improving healthcare and education infrastructure, with initiatives like the “Ayushman Bharat” scheme and the establishment of new universities and colleges.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh is a state of immense diversity, complexity, and potential. Its rich history, vibrant culture, and strategic location make it a powerhouse of growth and development in India. However, challenges such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation loom large, requiring concerted efforts from policymakers, civil society, and the public at large to address them effectively. With the right interventions and sustained commitment, Uttar Pradesh can realize its full potential as a beacon of progress and prosperity in the years to come.

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Essay on Uttar Pradesh – Samples, 10 Lines to 1500 Words

Essay on Uttar Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India, is a land of rich cultural heritage and historical significance. From the majestic Taj Mahal in Agra to the holy city of Varanasi on the banks of the Ganges, Uttar Pradesh is a melting pot of diverse traditions and beliefs. In this essay, we will explore the history, culture, and attractions of Uttar Pradesh, shedding light on the beauty and complexity of this vibrant state.

Table of Contents

Uttar Pradesh Essay Writing Tips

1. Introduction: Start your essay by introducing the topic of Uttar Pradesh and its significance in India. Mention some key points about the state, such as its population, area, and cultural diversity.

2. Historical background: Provide a brief overview of the history of Uttar Pradesh, mentioning important events and rulers that have shaped the state over the years. Discuss how Uttar Pradesh has been a center of political and cultural activity in India.

3. Geographical features: Describe the geographical features of Uttar Pradesh, such as the Ganges River, the Himalayan foothills, and the fertile plains. Explain how these features have influenced the state’s economy and culture.

4. Economy: Discuss the economy of Uttar Pradesh, highlighting key industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Mention some of the challenges faced by the state in terms of economic development and job creation.

5. Cultural diversity: Explore the rich cultural heritage of Uttar Pradesh, including its music, dance, cuisine, and festivals. Discuss how the state’s diverse population contributes to its vibrant cultural scene.

6. Political significance: Explain the political importance of Uttar Pradesh in India, as it is the most populous state and plays a crucial role in national elections. Discuss the state’s political landscape and the influence of regional parties.

7. Social issues: Address some of the social issues facing Uttar Pradesh, such as poverty, illiteracy, and gender inequality. Discuss efforts being made to address these issues and improve the quality of life for residents.

8. Tourism: Highlight the tourism potential of Uttar Pradesh, with its numerous historical and religious sites such as the Taj Mahal, Varanasi, and Lucknow. Discuss how tourism can contribute to the state’s economy and promote cultural exchange.

9. Conclusion: Summarize the key points of your essay on Uttar Pradesh, emphasizing the state’s importance in India and its potential for growth and development. Offer some final thoughts on the future prospects of Uttar Pradesh and its role in shaping the country’s future.

Essay on Uttar Pradesh in 10 Lines – Examples

1. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India, with a population of over 200 million people. 2. It is located in the northern part of the country and is known for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance. 3. The state capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow, which is known for its beautiful architecture and traditional cuisine. 4. Uttar Pradesh is home to the iconic Taj Mahal in Agra, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. 5. The state is also known for its religious diversity, with important Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist pilgrimage sites. 6. Uttar Pradesh has a diverse landscape, with the Himalayan foothills in the north and the fertile plains of the Ganges River in the south. 7. The state has a strong agricultural economy, with crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane being major contributors to its economy. 8. Uttar Pradesh is also known for its vibrant arts and crafts, including intricate embroidery, pottery, and woodwork. 9. The state has a rich literary tradition, with famous poets like Kabir and Tulsidas hailing from Uttar Pradesh. 10. Despite its cultural richness, Uttar Pradesh also faces challenges like poverty, illiteracy, and infrastructure development.

Sample Essay on Uttar Pradesh in 100-180 Words

Uttar Pradesh, located in northern India, is the most populous state in the country and is known for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance. The state is home to several iconic monuments such as the Taj Mahal in Agra, the holy city of Varanasi, and the historical city of Lucknow.

Uttar Pradesh is also known for its diverse cuisine, with popular dishes such as kebabs, biryani, and chaat originating from the state. The state is also known for its vibrant festivals and fairs, with events such as the Kumbh Mela attracting millions of visitors from around the world.

Despite its cultural richness, Uttar Pradesh also faces challenges such as poverty, illiteracy, and inadequate infrastructure. However, the state government has been working towards improving these issues and promoting economic development.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh is a state with a rich cultural heritage, diverse cuisine, and historical significance, making it a must-visit destination for tourists looking to experience the true essence of India.

Short Essay on Uttar Pradesh in 200-500 Words

Uttar Pradesh, often referred to as the heartland of India, is the most populous state in the country. With a population of over 200 million people, it is home to a diverse mix of cultures, languages, and traditions. The state is located in the northern part of India and is bordered by several states including Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Uttarakhand.

Uttar Pradesh has a rich historical and cultural heritage, with a number of ancient cities and monuments that attract tourists from all over the world. The state is known for its religious significance, with cities like Varanasi, Ayodhya, and Mathura being important pilgrimage sites for Hindus. The Taj Mahal, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is also located in Uttar Pradesh, in the city of Agra.

The state has a diverse economy, with agriculture being the primary source of livelihood for a large portion of the population. Uttar Pradesh is one of the leading producers of sugarcane, wheat, and rice in the country. The state also has a growing industrial sector, with cities like Kanpur, Ghaziabad, and Noida being important hubs for manufacturing and technology.

Despite its rich cultural heritage and economic potential, Uttar Pradesh faces several challenges. The state has a high poverty rate, with a large number of people living below the poverty line. Infrastructure in the state is also lacking, with issues like poor road connectivity, inadequate healthcare facilities, and a shortage of schools and colleges.

One of the biggest challenges facing Uttar Pradesh is its high crime rate. The state has a reputation for being unsafe for women, with incidents of rape and violence against women being reported regularly. The law and order situation in the state is also a cause for concern, with incidents of communal violence and caste-based discrimination being reported from time to time.

Despite these challenges, Uttar Pradesh has made significant progress in recent years. The state government has launched several initiatives to improve infrastructure, promote industrial growth, and address issues like poverty and crime. The Swachh Bharat Mission, launched by the central government, has also had a positive impact on the state, with several cities in Uttar Pradesh being declared open defecation free.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh is a state with a rich cultural heritage, a diverse economy, and a growing population. While the state faces several challenges, there is also immense potential for growth and development. With the right policies and initiatives, Uttar Pradesh has the potential to emerge as a leading state in India.

Essay on Uttar Pradesh in 1000-1500 Words

Uttar Pradesh, often referred to as the heartland of India, is one of the most populous and culturally rich states in the country. With a history dating back to ancient times, Uttar Pradesh has been witness to the rise and fall of several empires and dynasties, making it a treasure trove of historical and cultural heritage. From the majestic Taj Mahal in Agra to the spiritual hub of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh is a melting pot of diverse cultures, traditions, and religions.

Geographically, Uttar Pradesh is located in the northern part of India and is bordered by the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Bihar. The state is divided into 75 districts and has a total area of 243,290 square kilometers. The capital city of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow, which is also known as the cultural and political center of the state.

One of the defining features of Uttar Pradesh is its rich history, which dates back to ancient times. The state has been home to several powerful empires and dynasties, including the Mauryas, Guptas, Mughals, and British. Each of these empires has left its mark on the state in the form of magnificent monuments, forts, and palaces. The Taj Mahal in Agra, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, is one of the most iconic symbols of love and beauty in the world. Other notable historical sites in Uttar Pradesh include the Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, and the Allahabad Fort.

Apart from its historical significance, Uttar Pradesh is also known for its vibrant culture and traditions. The state is home to a diverse population, comprising people from different religions, castes, and communities. This diversity is reflected in the various festivals and fairs that are celebrated in Uttar Pradesh throughout the year. The Kumbh Mela, held in Allahabad every 12 years, is one of the largest religious gatherings in the world and attracts millions of pilgrims from across the country. Other popular festivals in Uttar Pradesh include Diwali, Holi, Eid, and Christmas, which are celebrated with great fervor and enthusiasm.

Uttar Pradesh is also known for its rich literary and artistic heritage. The state has been a center of learning and scholarship for centuries, with renowned poets and writers like Tulsidas, Kabir, and Munshi Premchand hailing from Uttar Pradesh. The state is also famous for its traditional art forms, such as the intricate embroidery of Lucknow, the colorful pottery of Khurja, and the vibrant paintings of Varanasi. Uttar Pradesh is also home to several prestigious educational institutions, including the Banaras Hindu University, Aligarh Muslim University, and the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur.

In terms of economy, Uttar Pradesh is one of the largest and fastest-growing states in India. The state has a diverse economy, with agriculture, industry, and services sectors contributing significantly to its GDP. Uttar Pradesh is one of the leading producers of food grains, sugarcane, and fruits in the country, and is known for its rich agricultural heritage. The state is also home to several industrial hubs, such as Noida, Ghaziabad, and Kanpur, which are known for their manufacturing and export industries. The service sector in Uttar Pradesh is also growing rapidly, with sectors like tourism, IT, and healthcare playing a key role in the state’s economy.

Despite its rich cultural heritage and economic potential, Uttar Pradesh faces several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the major issues facing the state is poverty and unemployment, with a large section of the population living below the poverty line. The state also grapples with issues like inadequate infrastructure, poor healthcare facilities, and lack of quality education, which hinder its overall development. In addition, Uttar Pradesh has been plagued by social issues like caste discrimination, gender inequality, and communal tensions, which have hampered its progress.

To address these challenges and unlock its full potential, Uttar Pradesh needs to focus on inclusive and sustainable development. The state government should invest in infrastructure development, improve healthcare and education facilities, and promote skill development and entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities for its people. There is also a need to address social issues like caste discrimination and gender inequality through awareness campaigns and policy interventions. By harnessing its rich cultural heritage and economic potential, Uttar Pradesh can emerge as a leading state in India and contribute significantly to the country’s growth and development.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh is a state with a rich history, vibrant culture, and immense economic potential. From the majestic monuments of Agra to the spiritual aura of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity. By addressing its challenges and leveraging its strengths, Uttar Pradesh can emerge as a shining example of inclusive and sustainable development in India. With the right policies and initiatives, Uttar Pradesh can fulfill its destiny as the heartland of India and a beacon of progress and prosperity for its people.

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Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India and is also regarded as the most populated state of India. India is ranked as the seventh-largest country in the world that has 29 states and 7 union territories. Every state of India is beautiful and is unique in its characteristics. The Uttar Pradesh state of India is also called the land of Lord Rama and Lord Krishna. It is because Lord Rama was born in the Ayodhya district of Uttar Pradesh and Lord Krishna was born in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh. There are many more interesting things and facts related to the state of Uttar Pradesh. Moreover, the state of Uttar Pradesh has a major contribution to Indian politics.

Short and Long Paragraphs on Uttar Pradesh

The topic ‘Uttar Pradesh’ is very important and an interesting topic for all the school students and exam aspirants. Students are asked to write essays, paragraphs, assignments, and projects on this topic. They might find difficulty in understanding about things that have to be included in writing on this topic. Several questions related to the state of Uttar Pradesh is asked in the competitive and entrance exams. In the same reference, I have provided the sets of some long and short paragraphs on this topic. I hope that this might be interesting for all the readers and also provide an idea of writing essays, assignments, paragraphs, projects on this topic.

Paragraph 1- 100 Words (About Uttar Pradesh)

Uttar Pradesh also known as Northern Province is one of the most fascinating states of India. This state was established during the British reign in India and later named Uttar Pradesh after the nation became republic in the year 1950. This fourth largest state in India is divided into 18 divisions and is having 75 districts. Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Chambal, Betwa, Ken are the important rivers that flow and nourish the flora, fauna, and large population of the entire state. Hindu and Urdu are the official languages of the people of this state. There are many roadways, railways, and airports situated in different regions and this entails about the developed transportation system in the state. Uttar Pradesh shares its boundaries with eight other states of India from different directions. It is the state that is regarded for its rich culture and tradition in the different parts of India and the world.

Paragraph 2- 120 Words (Uttar Pradesh- The Fourth Largest State In India)

Can you guess the name of the state of India that has its major contribution to Indian politics? It is the region where more than 50% of the population is involved in agriculture or we can say the place celebrating the festival latthmar Holi that has attained worldwide fame. We are talking about the most fascinating state that is stated as the largest state of north India and fourth-largest in the nation named ‘Uttar Pradesh’. This Indian state lying in the northern part of India is 243,286 square km in area. The Uttar Pradesh state has its major regions lying in the lap of Gangetic plains. This plain has been formed as the result of the deposition of silt and alluvium by the River Ganga while transcending down from the Himalayas. Uttar Pradesh state is fed by several rivers that have their inception point in the Himalayas lying in the north and the Vindhya Range lying in the south. The economy of this state mainly depends upon agriculture that is the major occupation of the people residing in this state.

Paragraph 3- 150 Words (Uttar Pradesh- The Most Populated State Of India)

Uttar Pradesh is one of the famous states of India that is situated in the north-central region of India. This state of India is having a population of 24.1 crores and is thus regarded as the most populated state of India. The establishment of the Uttar Pradesh state of India took place in the year 1950. There are total 75 districts in Uttar Pradesh and Lucknow is the capital city of this state. Allahabad district of Uttar Pradesh is stated as the judicial capital of this state. Uttar Pradesh shares its border with different states of India and is also having an international border. This state shares its boundaries with Rajasthan state in the west, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi to the northwest, Uttrakhand in the north, Bihar in the east, Madhya Pradesh to south, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in the southeast direction. Uttar Pradesh also forms an international border in the north direction with the country of Nepal. This state of India is blessed with beautiful architecture and the rich cultural heritage that it has attained from its past.

Paragraph 4- 200 Words (An Account On History Of Foundation Of Uttar Pradesh)

Uttar Pradesh is a state in India that is recognized in different regions of India and the world because of its high density of population and old-age culture that is being followed by generations. The population in this state is higher than any other state in the nation and thus it gets its name as the ‘most populous state’. The population of this largest northern state of India is rising day by day that needs to be controlled as soon as possible. The high population is the major reason behind having the larger participation of this state in Indian politics.

• The History Of foundation Of Uttar Pradesh

The state of Uttar Pradesh was founded in the British Raj in the year 1935 and its name was United Province at that time. Later the name Uttar Pradesh had been given to this state after India became a republic nation on 26th January 1950. Since then this state has its name as ‘Uttar Pradesh’. This state is categorized into 18 divisions on an administrative basis and has total 75 districts.

• Physical Division Of Uttar Pradesh

The state of Uttar Pradesh is physically divided into three major regions.  The northern region of the state called as Terai region has high mountains. The center region of the state is covered by the Gangetic plains and is regarded as the best region for agriculture. It is because of the several rivers that flow through this region and make it a fertile one by depositing alluvium and silt. The southern region of the state is covered by Vindhya hills and plateau. The districts falling in this region of the state suffer from water shortage issues because of scanty rainfall.

Paragraph 5- 250 Words (The Celebration Of Uttar Pradesh Diwas)

Uttar Pradesh is a major state of India that has its top ranking in either we talk of its participation in politics or economy. This state has provided several great political leaders to the nation in past as well as present. Moreover, this state ranks as the second-largest economy-providing state of the nation. The maximum population i.e. more than 70% of people residing in this state are Hindus. Islam is the second-largest religious group in Uttar Pradesh after Hindus. The percentage of other religions in the state accounts for less than 5%.

• Culture And Traditions Existing In this State

The culture of Uttar Pradesh is stated as an age-old culture that is being followed by generations. It is regarded as a holy city with Ganga as its major river and several pilgrimage sites. The dress worn by the people in this state gives a traditional look. Women wear saree and men wear dhoti kurta or kurta paijama. Magalsutra and toe ring is included in the attire of married women in this state. Chole bhature, dal bhari puri, Kadi chawal, shami kabab are the food delicacies of this state. Gajar ka halwa, barfi, kaju katli, jalebi are the sweet delicacies prepared in Uttar Pradesh.

• Tourists Destinations In Uttar Pradesh

There are several beautiful monuments and places that are the major destinations of tourists in this state. The cities like Agra, Aligarh, Varanasi, Vrindavan, Ayodhya, and Allahabad provide several historical and natural spots that attract the major attention of tourists. Above all the state is having three World Heritage Sites namely Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, and Fatehpur Sikri. The historical monuments built in different districts of this state are the masterpiece and give a glimpse of the age-old tradition and culture of the state.

• The Commemoration Of Uttar Pradesh Diwas

Every year 24th January is observed as Uttar Pradesh Diwas or the foundation day of this state. The day came into existence in the year 2017 and the credit for proposing this day to be celebrated as UP Day goes to the 27th governor of Uttar Pradesh named Ram Naik. It was the day when state Uttar Pradesh had got its name after being changed from United Province. The day is celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy in the entire state. Several departments in state governments organize several events for the celebration of this day.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Uttar Pradesh

Ans. Lakhimpur Kheri is stated as the largest district of Uttar Pradesh.

Ans. The literacy rate of Uttar Pradesh according to the year 2021 is 74.04%.

Ans. Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh is known as ‘city of ghats and temples’.

Ans. Ashoka tree is regarded as the state tree of Uttar Pradesh.

Ans. Uttar Pradesh contributes 80 seats to Lok Sabha and 31 seats to Rajya Sabha.

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Uttar Pradesh , the most populous and fourth largest state of India . It lies in the north-central part of the country.

Uttar Pradesh is bordered by the state of Uttarakhand and the country of Nepal to the north, the state of Bihar to the east, the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the southeast, the state of Madhya Pradesh to the south, and the states of Rajasthan and Haryana and the national capital territory of Delhi to the west. On January 26, 1950, when India became a republic, the state was given its present name, Uttar Pradesh (literally, “Northern State”). Its capital is Lucknow , in the west-central part of the state. Area 93,933 square miles (243,286 square km). Pop. (2011) 199,581,477.

The state can be divided into two physiographic regions: the central plains of the Ganges (Ganga) River and its tributaries (part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain ) and the southern uplands. The vast majority of Uttar Pradesh lies within the Gangetic Plain , which is composed of alluvial deposits brought down from the Himalayas to the north by the vast Ganges network. Most of that area is a featureless, though fertile, plain varying in elevation from about 1,000 feet (300 metres) in the northwest to about 190 feet (60 metres) in the extreme east. The southern uplands form part of the highly dissected and rugged Vindhya Range , which rises generally toward the southeast. The elevation of that region rarely exceeds 1,000 feet.

The state is well drained by a number of rivers originating in either the Himalayas to the north or the Vindhya Range to the south. The Ganges and its main tributaries—the Yamuna , the Ramganga, the Gomati , the Ghaghara , and the Gandak rivers—are fed by the perpetual snows of the Himalayas. The Chambal , the Betwa , and the Ken, originating from the Vindhya Range, drain the southwestern part of the state before joining the Yamuna. The Son , also originating in the Vindhya Range, drains the southeastern part of the state and joins the Ganges beyond the state borders (in Bihar).

Much of the area of Uttar Pradesh is covered by a deep layer of alluvium spread by the slow-moving rivers of the Ganges system. Those extremely fertile alluvial soils range from sandy to clayey loam. The soils in the southern part of the state are generally mixed red and black or red-to-yellow.

The climate of Uttar Pradesh is the tropical monsoon type, with warm weather year-round. Average high temperatures in Lucknow range from about 70 °F (low 20s C) in January to over 100 °F (38 °C) in May and June. High temperatures of about 120 °F (50 °C) have been recorded at Gonda , northwest of Faizabad .

Annual rainfall in the state ranges from 40–80 inches (1,000–2,000 mm) in the east to 24–40 inches (600–1,000 mm) in the west. About 90 percent of the rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon, lasting from about June to September. With most of the rainfall concentrated during that four-month period, floods are a recurring problem and can cause fatalities and heavy damage to crops and property, particularly in the eastern part of the state. Periodic failure of monsoons results in drought conditions.

The vegetation of Uttar Pradesh consists mostly of scrub. Forests are generally concentrated in the southern uplands. Animals of the region include tigers, leopards, elephants, wild boars, and crocodiles, as well as pigeons, doves, wild ducks, partridges, peafowls, blue jays, quails, and woodpeckers. Several species, such as lions from the Gangetic Plain, have become extinct. To preserve its wildlife, the state has established several game sanctuaries.

Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India. In the early 21st century it had an overall population density of more than twice the national average. The Gangetic Plain supports the overwhelming majority of the state’s population.

Some one-fifth of the state’s people are classified officially as Scheduled Castes (formerly called “ untouchables ”; groups that officially occupy a low position within the caste system). A much tinier proportion of the people are officially classified as Scheduled Tribes (generally applied to indigenous peoples who fall outside the predominant Indian social hierarchy ). The vast majority of the people, including members of all levels of the caste hierarchy, are Hindus . Muslims are the largest religious minority. There also are relatively small groups of Sikhs, Christians, Jains, and Buddhists. Hindi is an official language of the state and the mother tongue of most of the people. Urdu , additionally an official state language, is primarily spoken by Muslims. The vernacular Hindustani is widely understood.

The majority of the state’s population lives in rural areas. The rural settlements are characterized by compact villages in the western part of the state, groupings of hamlets in the eastern part, and a combination of the two in the central part. A traditional village in Uttar Pradesh is a cluster of mud huts with roofs made of thatch (such as straw) or clay tiles and few amenities of modern living. Villages near the cities, however, are likely to have cement-plastered homes, paved roads, and electricity.

Most urbanites live in cities with populations of more than 100,000. Among the largest cities of Uttar Pradesh are Kanpur , Lucknow , Agra , Varanasi , Meerut , and Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad). Kanpur, located in the central portion of the state, is the premier industrial city of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow, the state capital, is about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Kanpur. Agra, in the western part of the state, is the site of the Taj Mahal , a mausoleum built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān (ruled 1628–58) in memory of his wife; it is the most famous tourist attraction in India. Varanasi, the city most sacred to Hindus, is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities. Meerut, northeast of Delhi , is an important centre of transportation, trade, and industry. Prayagraj (on the site of the ancient holy city of Prayag), located at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, is another city sacred to Hindus.

The population of Uttar Pradesh continues to grow at a high rate. Because of that high growth rate and a substantial reduction in infant mortality in the 20th century, there has been a significant increase in the proportion of young adults and children. The sex ratio also has improved and since the early 21st century has exceeded 900 females per 1,000 males. Toward the end of the 19th century, dire poverty and the promise of better opportunities forced many people of the region to emigrate to distant lands, such as South Africa , Mauritius , Fiji , and the West Indies . More recently, however, out-migration from Uttar Pradesh has been mainly to other parts of India, particularly to large cities such as Kolkata , Mumbai , and Delhi.

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Essay on Uttar Pradesh

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• May 7, 2024 May 12, 2024

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Introduction

Uttar Pradesh is a state which is located in the north part of India. In Uttar Pradesh, there are so many cities like Lucknow and Agra, where the Taj Mahal is located. Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh is famous for its history and culture. People come to Uttar Pradesh to visit famous places and monuments. In Uttar Pradesh, the food is very tasty. Uttar Pradesh has so many fields where farmers grow crops like wheat and rice. In Uttar Pradesh, so many festivals are celebrated. And people of Uttar Pradesh speak different languages like Hindi and Urdu.

In this post, I will give you an essay on Uttar Pradesh and after reading this essay you will be able to write an essay on it without any mistakes.

Paragraph On Uttar Prasdesh

Uttar Pradesh is the 4 largest state of India. Uttar Pradesh’s capital is Lucknow. There are so many cities in Uttar Pradesh like Lucknow and Agra and, In Agra, the Taj Mahal is located and people all over the world come to Agra to visit the Taj Mahal. In Uttar Pradesh, there are so many delicious foods and so many festivals are celebrated in Uttar Pradesh. The Ganga River flows through Uttar Pradesh that make the land fertile for farming and farmers grow crops in this area like wheat and rice. Ram Mandir is also located in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. People in Uttar Pradesh speak Urdu and Hindi language.  Really  it is a place where we can enjoy delicious food, visit historical places, etc.

10 Lines On Uttar Prasdesh

• Uttar Pradesh is one of the largest state in India.
• So many people live in Uttar Pradesh.
• There are popular cities like Lucknow and Agra in Uttar Pradesh.
• The Taj Mahal is located in Uttar Pradesh.
• Uttar Pradesh is famous for its history and culture.
• The food of Uttar Pradesh is very delicious.
• so many festivals are celebrated in Uttar Pradesh.
• so many farmers grow crops in Uttar Pradesh.
• In Uttar Pradesh, people are talking in Hindi and Urdu language.
• The Ganga River flows through Uttar Pradesh.

Short Essay on Uttar Pradesh (399 words)

Uttar Pradesh is a state in north India. It is famous for its rich history, culture, and diversity. Uttar Pradesh is the most populated state in India. Uttar Pradesh is  very important  for India because it affects society, the economy, and politics.  Many powerful empires had ruled there  and left behind lots of heritage and traditions .

Uttar Pradesh has a rich historical heritage. Many famous dynasties  had ruled there   like  the Mauryas, Guptas, Mughals, and Nawabs of Awadh.  Their effect can  be seen  in the region’s attractive architecture, delicious food, and vibrant art scene. Uttar Pradesh is  full  of tourist places like the lovely Taj Mahal in Agra and the beautiful temple shapes in Varanasi, where tourists come from all over the world.

Moreover, Uttar Pradesh is a mixture of cultures, languages, and religions. Its dense population includes people from different racial backgrounds and faiths  which  shows the diverse society of India. Uttar Pradesh welcomes its cultural diversity with confidence, whether it’s the colourful celebrations of Diwali and Holi or the religious traditions at the bank of the Ganges River. Also, the state shows a rich educational and creative heritage, with  great  figures like Kabir, Tulsidas, and Premchand originating from its soil.

Uttar Pradesh economically plays  an important  role in India’s economy. Its vast agricultural lands make it a top producer of food grains, sugarcane, and fruits for the  whole  nation.  Also, Uttar Pradesh is  growing rapidly  in the industrial sector, mainly in cities like Noida, Ghaziabad, and Kanpur, which are becoming  important   centres for  manufacturing and IT services.   However,  even with  these strengths, Uttar Pradesh is facing  some  problems  such  as poverty, unemployment, and insufficient infrastructure, which slow down its advancement.

Politically, Uttar Pradesh is a powerful party in India.  It is  the most populated state of India  and  it  holds  important  power in national elections.  It highly affects the luck of political parties and leaders. Each election sees Uttar Pradesh as a battleground for competing principles, shaping the revolution of Indian politics.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh shows the diversity and complexity of India. It reflects the rich cultures, languages, and traditions of the nation. As the state moves forward from its outstanding history to a  good  future, it grows by the dreams and efforts of its people. The journey of Uttar Pradesh displays India’s strength and  energy,  by showing the unity and diversity that represents the nation.

Long Essay on Uttar Pradesh (767 words)

Uttar Pradesh is a big state in the north of India. It is full of history, culture, and lots of different things. This state is situated on fertile land and is the most populated state in India. It is also one of the oldest places where people live. Because of its mix of  heritage,  and different kinds of people, Uttar Pradesh is  very important  in the Indian Economy and politics, and it’s  really  interesting  to learn about.

Historical Significance:

Uttar Pradesh is  full  of history in India. It has lived around for a long time and has seen many big empires and civilizations come and go. From  way back  when there were different kingdoms called Mahajanapadas to the strong Mauryan and Gupta dynasties, this place has been super important in shaping India’s culture and politics.  You can still see the pieces from these times in  lots of  old sites, monuments, and things  like  that spread throughout the state.

In Uttar Pradesh, there’s a super famous place called the Taj Mahal. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the  Seven Wonders of the World .  A long time ago, a king named Shah Jahan built it for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal, to show how much he loved her. It’s  really  beautiful  and shows off how talented the people were back then at making  amazing  buildings.

Also, there are cities like Varanasi, Ayodhya, and Mathura in Uttar Pradesh.  People think  of these places as really  special and go there for religious reasons.  Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains all find these cities  important , which shows how much  religious  and cultural stuff is  going on  in Uttar Pradesh.

Cultural Diversity:

In Uttar Pradesh, there is a mix of lots of different cultures, languages, and traditions.  People from all over live  there together, and they speak different languages and have  their own customs and traditions.  They celebrate  all kinds of  festivals like Diwali, Holi, and Eid with lots of excitement and energy. Along the Ganges River, there are  special  places where people do religious traditions, adding even more to the colourful diversity of the state.

Uttar Pradesh has a very cool history of art and writing. Famous people like Kabir, Tulsidas, and Surdas made  amazing  poetry and music that is still loved by people today. The state is  also  known for its folk things like Kathak dance, Chikankari needlework, and yummy Awadhi food. These traditions are famous for being super classy and beautiful.

Economic Importance:

Uttar Pradesh is like an economic powerhouse in India. It helps the country a lot with its economy. It is truly good at growing food, like grains, sugarcane, and fruits. The land of Uttar Pradesh is perfect for farming because it gets water from the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. This farming helps lots of people make a living.

Also, places like Noida, Ghaziabad, and Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh are growing  very fast  with  lots of  new factories and tech companies opening.  These cities are becoming very important for making things, doing computer work, and trading goods.  This   is bringing in money from investors and giving  people more chances to find jobs.

Even though Uttar Pradesh is developing economically well, it has some big problems.  Lots of  people there are poor and unemployed, and the roads and buildings are not  enough good .  Fixing these problems is very important so that Uttar Pradesh can grow.

Political Dynamics:

In India, Uttar Pradesh is  very important  in politics because it is the most populated state of India. During  the time of  voting, it can change the whole country’s direction. The politics of Uttar Pradesh are a little complicated, with different groups based on things like caste, where people are from, and what they believe in. It is like a mini version of all the  different  kinds of politics across India.

Every time  there is  an election in Uttar Pradesh , it  becomes the centre of a  big  political game.  All the Parties try very hard to win and have more power. Some  really important  political leaders have come from Uttar Pradesh.  They have  had a  big  effect on  India and make important rules and ideas that everyone follows.

In conclusion, Uttar Pradesh shows us a lot about the diversity of India. It  is a mix of  history, culture, money effects, and politics. It is like the heart of India,  always  changing because of the dreams and hard work of the people who live there.  Even though Uttar Pradesh is facing some difficult times, it will keep going and show us that  even when things are tough,  we can still stay strong together.

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Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 100, 150, 200, 250 & 300 Words

• Post author: Grammar Library
• Post category: Paragraph

Uttar Pradesh is a state that often gets overlooked despite its significant contributions to India. It’s the largest state by population and plays a vital role in the country’s politics, culture, and history. Many people are unaware of its full impact. In this article, we will uncover the true importance of Uttar Pradesh and explore its unique features and contributions.

Table of Contents

Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 100 words

Uttar Pradesh, often referred to as U.P., is a vibrant state in northern India. It is known for its rich history and cultural heritage, including the famous Taj Mahal in Agra and the sacred river Ganges flowing through Varanasi. Uttar Pradesh plays a crucial role in India’s agriculture, being a leading producer of wheat and sugarcane. Educationally, the state is home to several prestigious institutions like Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University, which attract students from all over the country. The state government has been actively working to improve education by launching schemes like free laptop distribution to meritorious students to encourage digital learning. Festivals like Diwali and Holi are celebrated with great enthusiasm, showcasing the colorful culture of U.P. Overall, Uttar Pradesh is a blend of traditional values and modern educational advancements, making it an important state in India.

Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 150 words

Uttar Pradesh, located in the heart of India, is the most populous state in the country. This state boasts a significant historical and cultural significance, being the birthplace of Lord Rama and Lord Krishna. Its cities like Varanasi and Mathura are pivotal in the spiritual map of India. Uttar Pradesh is not only a center for religious pilgrimage but also a hub for education and learning.

The state is home to some of India’s renowned universities, including the University of Allahabad and Lucknow University. These institutions are known for their high academic standards and diverse range of study programs. The state government has also introduced various educational reforms to enhance the quality of education and increase literacy rates. Additionally, Uttar Pradesh is famous for its various cultural festivals like the Kumbh Mela, which is the largest religious gathering in the world, attracting millions of visitors.

The state’s economy is primarily agricultural, with significant contributions from the service sector, especially in education and tourism. Overall, Uttar Pradesh is a fascinating state with a blend of rich history, vibrant culture, and progressive educational initiatives.

Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 200 words

Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India, is a tapestry of historical landmarks, cultural diversity, and educational prowess. The state is geographically located in the northern part of India and holds a significant position due to its historical cities like Lucknow, Varanasi, and Agra. Lucknow, the capital, is known for its refined culture, classical music, and poetry. Agra houses the world-renowned Taj Mahal, symbolizing India’s rich architectural heritage. Varanasi, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, is a major spiritual center.

Education in Uttar Pradesh has evolved significantly over the years. The state is equipped with numerous prestigious educational institutions such as the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, which is internationally recognized for its engineering courses, and the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Lucknow, which excels in business management. These institutions not only contribute to the state’s educational standards but also attract a global student body.

Uttar Pradesh is also pivotal in India’s agricultural sector, being a leading producer of crops like sugarcane, potatoes, and wheat. This agricultural prominence supports the state’s economy robustly. Additionally, the state government has been proactive in promoting educational initiatives, such as the Midday Meal Scheme, to increase enrollment in schools.

The cultural richness of Uttar Pradesh is visible in its festivals, with Diwali and Holi celebrated with great zest. The state’s cuisine, known for its kebabs and biryanis, reflects its culinary diversity. Overall, Uttar Pradesh stands as a beacon of traditional heritage intertwined with modern educational advancements, playing a crucial role in shaping India’s cultural and academic landscape.

Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 250 words

Uttar Pradesh, often referred to as U.P., is the most populous state in India, located in the northern part of the country. It is renowned for its rich history and cultural heritage, including being the birthplace of Lord Rama and Lord Krishna, central figures in Hinduism. The state plays a pivotal role in India’s history, with the city of Varanasi being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

Educationally, Uttar Pradesh is home to some of the most prestigious institutions in India. The Banaras Hindu University, one of the largest residential universities in Asia, offers a wide range of courses in various disciplines. Aligarh Muslim University is another prominent institution, known for its academic excellence and architectural beauty. Uttar Pradesh also encourages the spread of education through its numerous schools and colleges spread across the state, focusing on both modern and traditional learning, emphasizing science, technology, arts, and culture.

The state also plays a vital role in India’s agricultural sector, being a leading producer of food grains like wheat and sugarcane. This agricultural prominence supports various educational programs in agricultural universities and research institutes, which study plant breeding, agricultural engineering, and food technology to boost productivity and sustainability. The integration of cultural richness and educational initiatives in Uttar Pradesh provides a unique environment for students to learn and grow, making it an important educational hub in India.

Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 300 words

Uttar Pradesh, located in the heart of northern India, is not only significant due to its demographic and political influence but also as a cornerstone of education and culture in India. The state, with its diverse population, is a melting pot of various cultures and traditions, influencing its educational practices and institutions.

The state capital, Lucknow, is known for its courteous mannerisms and rich tapestry of music and arts. This cultural heritage is integrated into the educational curriculum through various schools and colleges that emphasize the arts and humanities. Agra, another major city in Uttar Pradesh, is world-famous for the Taj Mahal but also hosts reputed educational institutions focusing on history, architecture, and tourism.

Uttar Pradesh’s commitment to education is evident from its investment in establishing universities and colleges that cater to a wide spectrum of academic disciplines. The state has made significant strides in improving literacy rates and educational infrastructure. It hosts several universities like the Uttar Pradesh Technical University in Lucknow, which specializes in engineering and technology, providing a platform for innovation and development.

Furthermore, Uttar Pradesh has a robust network of primary and secondary schools that lay the foundation for higher education. The government’s initiatives to enhance educational facilities and provide scholarships to underprivileged students have helped increase enrollment rates. The state’s education system is designed to promote inclusiveness and accessibility, ensuring that students from all backgrounds have the opportunity to pursue academic excellence.

In summary, Uttar Pradesh is not only a hub of cultural diversity and historical significance but also plays a crucial role in shaping the educational landscape of India. Its institutions are at the forefront of providing quality education, research, and innovation, making it an essential part of India’s academic endeavors. The combination of traditional values and modern educational techniques makes Uttar Pradesh a unique state for students to receive education and prepare for future challenges.

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An Essay on Uttar Pradesh State for Kids, Children and Students

• March 13, 2020 March 13, 2020

Uttar Pradesh is the largest state in India by population. The state was created as the United Provinces before India’s independence. Later on, the United Provinces was renamed to Uttar Pradesh in 1950. Varanasi, Lucknow, Ghaziabad, Bareilly, Kanpur, Aligarh, and Moradabad are known destination of Uttar Pradesh.

Uttar Pradesh State plays in important role in the political system of India, thanks to large number of Lok Sabha Constituencies (Upper House of India). As of today, UP has 80 Lok Sabha seats, which is the largest in India.

Uttar Pradesh Map

Largest Indian State

Uttar Pradesh is the largest Indian state by population. The growth of population in Uttar Pradesh is higher than any other developed states in India. In recent years, the Government of Uttar Pradesh and the Government of India worked closely to promote awareness about small family.

Popular Travel Destination

Uttar Pradesh is a popular travel destination in India. Many popular tourist attractions are located in the state, such as Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Dayal Bagh, Fatehpur Sikri, Ganga River, Yamuna River, Baby Taj, Bara Imambara, and many more. The state is blessed with countless tourist attractions.

Centre of Politics

Thanks to it’s large population and area, the state of Uttar Pradesh has highest number of Lok Sabha constituencies. Major political parties in India, such as Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, Samajwadi Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, and other have good grip over the politics of Uttar Pradesh .

The state has given highest number of prime ministers till date, thanks to large number of Lok Sabha constituencies.

Important Facts About Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is the largest state in India by population with 199,581,477 people. The population of Uttar Pradesh is more than many countries, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, United Arab Emirates, Libya, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Slovakia, Slovenia, Vatican City, and many others.

• Total Area: 243,290 km2 (93,930 sq mi)
• Total Population: 199,581,477
• Population Density: 820/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
• Official Language: Hindi, Urdu (Additional)
• Vehicle Registration: UP 01-XX
• Literacy: 67.7% (total), 57.4% (female), 77.3% (male)

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Note: An Essay on Uttar Pradesh State is written for knowledge purpose only. Please do not copy this essay for your website or blog without prior written permission. This essay can be used for short paragraph and short essay too!

Article last re-published on March 13, 2020. Original.

Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh

Students are often asked to write a paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in their schools. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 200-word, and 250-word paragraphs on the topic.

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Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 100 Words

Uttar Pradesh is a big state in India. It has many people living in it, making it the most populated state. Lots of different languages are spoken here, but Hindi is the main one. Uttar Pradesh is famous for its beautiful monuments like the Taj Mahal in Agra. It’s also known for its yummy food like samosas and jalebis. Many big rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna flow through this state. Uttar Pradesh has different seasons – summer, winter, and rainy season. It’s a very interesting place with lots to see and learn.

Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 200 Words

Uttar Pradesh is a big state in India. It is known for many things. It is the most populous state with many people living there. It’s also home to the famous Taj Mahal, a beautiful building made of white marble. Uttar Pradesh is the birthplace of Lord Rama and Lord Krishna, who are very important in Hindu stories. It has many rivers – the Ganges, Yamuna, and Sarayu are some of them. You can also find big cities like Lucknow, Kanpur, and Agra in this state. Lucknow is the capital, and it is known for its tasty food and polite people. Uttar Pradesh also has many schools, colleges, and universities where students from all over India come to study. This state celebrates many festivals with joy and happiness. Some of them are Diwali, Holi, Eid, and Christmas. People living here speak different languages like Hindi, Urdu, and other regional languages. They wear both traditional and modern clothes. The state is known for its rich history, culture, and traditions. Many tourists come to Uttar Pradesh every year to see its beauty and learn about its history.

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Paragraph on Uttar Pradesh in 250 Words

Uttar Pradesh, often known as UP, is a state in northern India that is rich in culture and history. It is the most populous state in India and the third largest by area. The state shares its borders with other states like Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and an international border with Nepal. The holy river Ganga flows through it, enriching its land and making it fertile. Lucknow, known for its historical monuments and unique ‘nawabi’ culture, is the capital city. Uttar Pradesh is famous for its diverse cultural festivals like Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, and Navaratri, celebrated with great zeal and enthusiasm. It is also renowned for its arts, crafts, music, and dance forms, with Kathak originating here. In terms of food, Uttar Pradesh is the birthplace of delicious dishes like Awadhi Biryani, Tunday Kebabs, and sweetmeats like Petha and Jalebi. The state has substantial importance in India’s political scenario due to its high number of parliamentary seats. It is also home to significant historical and religious sites, including the Taj Mahal, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, and the cities of Varanasi and Ayodhya, which hold great importance in Hinduism. All in all, Uttar Pradesh is a state that beautifully blends tradition and modernity and has a lot to offer to its residents and tourists.

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Uttar Pradesh

India is made up of states and territories. Uttar Pradesh is the state with the biggest population.

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The most populous state in India is Uttar Pradesh, which is located in the north-central part of the country. Because of its location, it has often been the focal point for the history of all of northern India. The ancient civilization of the Hindus developed there, and the art and architecture of the area have contributed greatly to Indian cultural heritage. It was also the site of the rise of Buddhism .

Uttar Pradesh is bounded by Nepal and the Indian state of Uttarakhand on the north and the Indian states of Bihar on the east, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh on the southeast, Madhya Pradesh on the south, and Rajasthan and Haryana on the west. It also shares a border with Delhi , India’s national capital territory, on the west. A large state, Uttar Pradesh has an area of 93,933 square miles (243,286 square kilometers). It is one of India’s most densely populated states, though most of the people live in rural areas. The state capital is Lucknow . Other major cities include Kanpur, Agra, Varanasi , Meerut, and Allahabad.

Most of the state lies in the fertile plains formed by the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, which meet near Allahabad. These plains are part of India’s Indo-Gangetic Plain . In southern Uttar Pradesh is a smaller region of hills that are part of the Vindhya Range.

Uttar Pradesh has a tropical monsoon climate, with warm weather year-round. Annual rainfall ranges from 40 to 80 inches (100 to 200 centimeters) in the east to 24 to 40 inches (60 to 100 centimeters) in the west. Some 90 percent of the rain falls during the monsoon season, when flooding can be a serious problem.

About a fifth of the state’s people belong to the Scheduled Castes, an official category for groups that occupy the lowest positions in the Indian caste system . The great majority of the population is Hindu. Muslims form the largest religious minority. Hindi, an official language of the state and of India, arose in Uttar Pradesh and remains widely spoken there. Urdu, spoken mainly by the state’s Muslims, is also an official language.

Most of the workers in Uttar Pradesh are engaged in agriculture. The state is one of India’s leading producers of food grains such as wheat and rice and of sugarcane. Among the chief manufactures are textiles, sugar and other processed foods, cement, leather goods, machinery, electronics, and transport equipment. Handicrafts are an important export. The state also mines silica, limestone, and coal and refines petroleum.

Tourism has emerged as a significant industry. The state’s religious and historical sites attract many visitors. The cities of Varanasi , Allahabad, and Ayodhya are sacred to Hindus. Important Buddhist centers include Sarnath, where the Buddha is said to have preached his first sermon, and Kasia, where he died. India’s most famous tourist attraction is the Taj Mahal , in Agra. It is a spectacular mausoleum built by the 17th-century Mughal emperor Shah Jahan . Also in Agra is the 16th-century Red Fort , which contains the Pearl Mosque and a palace. The nearby town of Fatehpur Sikri served as the capital of the Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century. It is the site of a large, impressive mosque known as the Jamiʿ Masjid. The Taj Mahal, the Red Fort, and Fatehpur Sikri have all been designated UNESCO World Heritage sites . ( See also Indian architecture.)

The state is governed by the Council of Ministers, which is led by the chief minister. The president is the constitutional head of state (a largely ceremonial position) and is appointed by India’s president. Uttar Pradesh is one of the few states in India with a two-house legislature.

The area that is now Uttar Pradesh was the setting of two great ancient Sanskrit epics , the Mahabharata and the Ramayana . Buddhism began to spread in the area between the 6th and 4th centuries bc . The region was ruled by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century bc and the Gupta dynasty in the 4th–6th centuries ad .

Like much of India, Uttar Pradesh was ruled by a series of Muslim dynasties from about 1200 to 1775. The Mughals gained control in the 16th century.

The British began taking over territory in the region in the late 18th century. They eventually named the region the United Provinces. It was the center of the Indian Mutiny of 1857–58, a widespread revolt against British rule. Uttar Pradesh became an Indian state in 1950. In 2000 the state’s northern portion was made into the new state of Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand ). Population (2011 census), 199,581,477.

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10 lines on Uttar Pradesh in English

Today, we are sharing  10 lines on Uttar Pradesh in English  This article can help students who are looking for information  about Uttar Pradesh . This essay is very simple and easy to remember. The level of this essay is moderate so any student can write on this topic. This article is generally useful for  class 1 to class 12 . 

1) Uttar Pradesh is a state in northern India.

2) It is the fourth largest state by area.

3) It covers an area of 240928 square kilometres.

4) The capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow.

5) Uttar Pradesh is divided into 75 districts.

6) Uttar Pradesh State was formed on 24th January 1952.

7) The official Language of Uttar Pradesh is Hindi.

8) Uttar Pradesh is famous for its rich culture, tradition and handicrafts.

9) Uttar Pradesh is the largest state in India by population.

10) Farming is the major occupation in Uttar Pradesh.

5 Lines on Uttar Pradesh

Answer: Uttar Pradesh is known for  its rich culture and tradition . It is home to Ayodhya and Mathura birthplace of Lord Rama and Lord Krishna respectively. Uttar Pradesh attracts a large number of both national and international tourists.

Answer: The region was the site of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, with revolts at Meerut, Kanpur, and Lucknow. The region was also a site for the Indian Independence movement with the Indian National Congress. After independence in 1947, the United Provinces were renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950.

Answer: Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India, has  75  districts.

Answer: Uttar Pradeshi thali with naan, dal, raita, and shahi paneer . Malaiyo, a dessert made from milk cream, a specialty of Varanasi. The samosa is a popular snack from Uttar Pradesh. Paan (betel leaves) being served with silver foil at Sarnath near Varanasi.

Answer: Languages prominently spoken in Uttar Pradesh are  Hindi, Urdu, Awadhi, Braj, Bhojpuri, Bundelkhandi and English .

Answer: The people of Uttar Pradesh  wear a variety of native- and Western-style dress . Traditional styles of dress include colourful draped garments – such as sari for women and dhoti or lungi for men – and tailored clothes such as salwar kameez for women and kurta-pyjama for men.

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Essay on Uttar Pradesh For Kids & Students

Uttar Pradesh is one of the largest states situated in northern part of India. In terms of population, Uttar Pradesh is one of the most populous states in the country. Under British Rule, the state was named as United province but after independence, the state was renamed as Uttar Pradesh. The state constitutes of 75 districts with Lucknow as a capital city. The state is drained by two major glacial rivers Ganga and Yamuna. Uttar Pradesh fondly termed as UP is surrounded by other Indian states like Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. By landmass, the state is fourth largest states in the country with 243,290 square kilometers.

The state of Uttar Pradesh has great importance in Hindu mythology. The Hindu religious figures like Lord Rama and Krishna both had a connection with the current region called UP. Lord Rama was born in Ayodhya and Lord Krishna was born in Mathura in Uttar Pradesh. During the medieval period, the region of Uttar Pradesh was ruled by various kings like Guptas, Mauryans, Kushans etc. During the 16th century, the region was ruled by Mughal emperors until British East Indian Company defeated the Mughal Empire to establish its rule. In 1947 after independence, the state was renamed and declared to be part of the Indian republic.

The state of Uttar Pradesh is as large as the size of the United Kingdom with an area of 243,290 square kilometers. The state also shares its border with Nepal in the Himalayan region. The region comprises of mountains as well as plains. Uttar Pradesh is bestowed with thirty-two small and big rivers that flow out of the Himalayan glacier. Due to the Ganges and its tributary, Uttar Pradesh is blessed with fertile and mineral-rich soil.

The state of Uttar Pradesh is second in the list in terms of net state domestic products. The major revenue of the state comes from agriculture. As per government of India report, UP contributes 19% to India’s total grain output. 70-80% of sugarcane production in India comes from Uttar Pradesh. Apart from agriculture, UP is the hub of many industrial and manufacturing companies in India. In terms of information and technology, Noida and Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh top the chart.

Uttar Pradesh has recorded most domestic tourist arrivals in the country. Most of the religious places are situated in the region which makes the state one of the most visited one. Magh Mela and Kumbh Mela are known worldwide. Apart from religious tourism, the state has several beautiful places that are known for its scenic beauty.

Santosh Kumar

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Culture in Uttar Pradesh - Traditions And Customs of the Heartland of India

• Festivals of Uttar Pradesh
• Customs And Traditions of Uttar Pradesh
• Folk Culture Of Uttar Pradesh
• Traditional Dresses of Uttar Pradesh
• Food of Uttar Pradesh

1. Festivals of Uttar Pradesh

Home Town of Lord Krishna

2. Customs And Traditions of Uttar Pradesh

3. Folk Culture Of Uttar Pradesh

4. traditional dresses of uttar pradesh, 5. food of uttar pradesh.

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Know Your State

Make Your Note

• 31 Oct 2018
• 78 min read

State: Uttar Pradesh (U.P.)

Formed: 1 April 1937-as United province

Statehood: 26 January 1950-rechristened as Uttar Pradesh

Capital: Lucknow

Governor: Ram Naik

Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath

Deputy Chief Minister(s): Kesav Prasad Maurya, Dr. Dinesh Sharma

Official language: Hindi

Other languages:  Urdu, Awadhi, Bundeli, Bhojpuri, etc.

Major Religions: Hinduism, Islam

Area:  2,40,928 Square km (4th largest in India)

Population:  19,9,812,341 (Most populous in India)

Population density: 829 per square km

Sex Ratio: 912 per thousand

Literacy rate:  69.72%

Male literacy: 79.24%

Female literacy: 59.26%

GDP (2018-19): Rs 14.89 Lakh Crore

High Court: Allahabad High Court

Districts: 75

Cities and Towns: 915

Development blocks: 822

Nagar Nigams: 17

Members of Lok Sabha from U.P.: 80

Members of Rajya Sabha from U.P.: 31

Members of Legislative Assembly:  404

Members of Legislative Council:  100

State Animal: Barasingha

State Bird:  Sarus Crane

Principal Crops: Paddy, Wheat,Barley, Millet, Maize, Urad (Black Gram), Moong (Green Gram) Arhar etc.

Principal Minerals: Lime-Stone, Dolomite, Soap Stone, Gypsum, Bauxite, Glass-sand, manganese, Non-plastic fire clay etc.

Principal Handicrafts: Chikan-work, Embroidery, wood work, wooden toys and furniture, Clay -toys, carpet weaving, Silk & Brassware work.

Principal Folklores: Birha, Chitee, Kajri, Phaag, Rasia, Alha, Pooran Bhagat, Bhartrahari

Principal Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti, Ram Ganga, Ghagra, Betwa, Ken

Principal Folkdances: Charkula, Karma, Pandav, Pai-danda, Tharu, Dhobia, Raai, Shaira etc

Places of historical importance: Piparhava, Kaushambi, Shravasti, Sarnath (varanasi), kushinagar, Chitrakoot, Lucknow, Agra, Jhansi, Meerut etc

Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) earlier christened as United Provinces is a state located in the north-central Gangetic plains of India . U.P. has always held a high political significance in Indian democracy because it’s home to the largest share of Indian population and it portrays dynamic social demographics too. U.P. was created in the year 1937 by the British regime under the name of United Provinces and post independence it was renamed as Uttar pradesh in 1950. Lucknow district serves as the capital of U.P.. A total of 18 divisions and 75 districts constitute this state, whose northern portion was carved out in the year 2000 to form Uttarakhand, the 27 th state of India. Agriculture is the primary contributor in the economy of the state and it’s also known as the Rice bowl of India .

• State feature highly rugged terrain and their elevation ranges from 300 to 5000 mts .
• The Siwalik range in U.P. plummets down to the Bhabhar area, which is a porous bed of coarse pebbles and boulders brought down by the rivers flowing down the Siwalik hills.
• The river-streams tend to sink in these porous beds of sediments.
• Bhabhar tract lies along the periphery of Siwalik foothills and it transitions into the Terai region gradually.
• This transition belt is termed ‘Terai and Bhabhar area’ and it is marked by rich forests and various riverstreams . 

Location and Landform (Physiography)

• Uttar Pradesh is situated between 23°52’N and 31°28’N latitudes and 77°3′ and 84°39’E longitudes .
• It shares its national boundaries with 9 other states i.e., Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana on the north west; Uttarakhand in the north; Rajasthan touches U.P. from the west; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh on the south; Jharkhand to the south-east & Bihar lies in its east.
• Internationally U.P. is landlocked by Nepal on the north. With an area of 29.4 m ha it is the fourth largest state in Indian subcontinent.
• It is also the most populous State .

Geomorphologically Uttar Pradesh can be divided into 3 major topographical regions :

• Siwalik foothills of Himalayas and the Terai region border U.P. on the north.
• Gangetic plains constitute the major central portion of the state.
• Vindhya Range and plateau lie in a relatively smaller part of southern U.P.

Siwalik Hills and Terai Region

• Siwalik Range forms the southern foothills of the Himalayas which border U.P. on the north.
• The lowland area dispersed with marshes, thick forests, swamps rich in clay and tall grasslands that runs parallel to the bhabhar tract is called Terai region . This area is composed of fine alluvium primarily sand, clay, silt and gravel.
• As the rivers flow down the slopes of Bhabhar and course through the relatively planar areas of Terai the sediments are deposited in shallow beds, and the sunken river streams of Bhabhar reemerge on the surface, causing massive floods .
• Width of Bhabhar — 8-16 km
• Width of Terai — 15-30 km

Gangetic Plains

• Gangetic plains are characterised by a flat topography and highly fertile alluvial soil .
• The two-river system called Ganges which includes Ganga and Yamuna and their tributaries, that flow down the Himalayas, is responsible for laying in alluvial deposits which make the soil of Gangetic plains highly fertile and suitable for growing crops like rice, wheat, barley, gram  etc.
• These plains span about three-fourths of the total area of the state, stretching from east to west and covering most of its central portion.
• Its flat topography comprises of several physical features like rivers, lakes, ponds, elevation ranging from 60 mts in the east to 300 mts in the north-west and a gradient of 2 m/sq km .
• Eastern tract:  The eastern tract of Gangetic plains is classified as scarcity region as it is often afflicted with famines and floods, and the agricultural lands of this region don’t receive adequate irrigation. A total of 14 districts fall under this tract.
• Central tract: It is a well irrigated tract but suffers from water logging.
• Western tract: This zone is well developed in terms of Agriculture because of excellent water resources and irrigation systems.

Vindhya Range And Plateau Region

• Vindhyas are a discontinuous range of hills and mountains .
• The southernmost stratum of Gangetic plains in U.P. is rendered by hard and varied topography of hills, highlands and plateaus .
• With an average elevation of 300 mts, this is a low-lying range that receives sparse rains and is devoid of adequate water resources, thus farmers in this region resort to dry-farming .
• Bundelkhand plateau –  Jhansi, Jalaun, Banda, Hamirpur
• Tehsils of Allahabad district
• Mirzapur district
• Chakia Tehsil of Varanasi district

WATER RESOURCES (HYDROGEOLOGY)

Major Source of Surface Water: Ganges and its tributaries flowing from northwest to the southeast direction.

Basin: Ganga sub-basin of Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna Basin

Major Rivers: Ganges, Yamuna, Ghagra, Gomti, Gandak, Son, Kosi, Sarda,etc

Hydrogeological units: 1. Bhabhar; 2. Terai; 3.Central Ganga plains; 4.Marginal alluvial plains; 5. Southern Peninsular zone (Starting from north to south successively)

Rainfall: 1279 mm

• 85% average annual rainfall occurs in South-west monsoon season.
• Northern and Eastern regions receive highest rainfall, which gradually decreases as we move to the southern and western U.P.

Gross Groundwater withdrawal: 5.28 mham(million hectare metres)

• Uttar Pradesh is the largest user of Groundwater repositories .
• Alluvial plains constitute a very rich reservoir of groundwater, in form of multiple aquifer system .
• Groundwater repositories are scarce in Bundelkhand .

Modes of Irrigation: 

• Large tracts of canals and Reservoirs, constructed on the banks of northern and southern tributaries of Ganges, irrigate a major part of the plains. There is no reservoir on the bank of Ganges .
• Groundwater is used for irrigating few ‘scarcity areas’ through borewells.
• Rainfed irrigation is limited to the eastern tract.

Authorities for water resource management:

• State Water Resources Agency (SWARA) is responsible for management, planning & sectoral allocation of water resources to diverse sectors viz. Drinking water, transportation, Agriculture, Industrial Development, Hydro Power,Entertainment and Thermal Power Production.
• Water Resource Department holds the responsibility of construction, maintenance, regulation of major & medium irrigation projects, flood control & drainage works.

Following are the major rivers of Uttar Pradesh

Lakes in Uttar Pradesh

• Lakes in Uttar Pradesh serve the water needs of villages,small towns & remote areas.
• Several species of migratory birds like siberian cranes, greater Flamingo, Surkhab, etc flock these lakes every year.
• Forest Department of Uttar Pradesh is responsible for the maintenance of the lakes in the state.

Following are the major lakes in Uttar pradesh:

Dams and Reservoirs in Uttar Pradesh

• Prime Objective: Power generation, storage, drinking water supply, irrigation.
• Major Projects:  Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar dam, Parichha Dam.
• Some other Projects: Matalita Dam, Bhainsora Dam, Bachara Dam, Bhagwanpur Dam, Baghla Dam, Chittaurgarh Dam, Ganeshpur Dam, etc.
• Largest man-made reservoir in India: Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar Dam.

Following is a list of Dams/Reservoirs constructed in U.P.:

Climate Type: Tropical monsoon or Humid subtropical with dry winters

Temperature range: 0℃ – 50℃

• Summer/Thunderstorm/Pre-monsoon
• South-West Monsoon
• Retreating Monsoon

Meteorological Subdivisions: U.P. East & U.P. West

• Temperature range: 45℃ – 48℃
• Span: March to May
• Features: Hot & Dry, Dust laden storms, Low Relative Humidity
• Temperature Range: 40℃ – 45℃
• Span: June-September
• Rainfall: 1279 mm (85%of average annual rainfall)
• Temperature Range: 0℃ – 4℃
• Span: October – February
• Features: Foggy conditions
• As Gangetic plains take up majority of area in the state, therefore climatic conditions are more or less uniform throughout the state, except for a few regional fluctuations.
• For instance Western U.P. exhibits semi-arid/steppe climate due to low reception of precipitation .
• Non-Uniform and unpredictable rainfall pattern causes recurrent droughts and floods in eastern tract.
• Due to the effect of Western disturbances, light rainfall occurs in the months of october through december; it is termed as Retreating South-West Monsoon .

SOIL OF UTTAR PRADESH

Major Soil Type: Alluvial Soil

• A deep layer of Alluvium is deposited by the Ganges and its tributaries as they flow down the Himalayas.

Soil Type in the Himalayan Crown of the state:

• There is no level land available and the terrain varies excessively in the Himalayan region.
• Major soil forming rocks are: Granite, Schists, Gneiss, Shales, Sandstones, Phyllite, Quartzite, etc.
• The soils in the greater Himalayas, the lesser Himalayas and Shiwaliks vary from sandy to loamy, are slightly acidic and of Low Available Water Capacity (AWC) type .
• Crops like Wheat, Maize, Rice and Pulses are generally cultivated in these areas.

Soils of Gangetic Plains:

• Soils develop from the Alluvium beds deposited by the Ganga, Yamuna and their tributaries in the vastb Gangetic plains.
• The soils in this region are coarse loamy/fine loamy/fine silty  (calcareous & non-calcareous). These feature slight alkalinity and exhibit deep soil depth as well as high content of organic matter, plant nutrients.
• These have a good water holding capacity and are well drained.
• Wheat, Rice, sugarcane, gram, maize, sorghum, barley and pea are the major crops cultivated in the alluvial soil of Gangetic plains.

Soils of Vindhyachal Highlands and plateaus:

• This region exhibits hilly terrain and arid conditions .
• Soils in this region are generally developed from Vindhyan rocks that include gneiss, granites, sandstone, quartzite, limestone, dolomite  etc.
• The soil type is fine loamy with stoniness and gravelliness . The soils of this region possess mixed red and black hues .
• These are slightly alkaline in nature, are excessively drained and Low Available Water Capacity (AWC) .
• The major crops planted in the region are – Wheat, sorghum, bajra, gram and arhar .

FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE STATE

• Due to its varied climate and relief, Uttar Pradesh has a wealth of Flora and Fauna, adding to the abundance of natural resources in the state, despite widespread deforestation and poaching.

Forest Cover: 21720 sq km

Following are the types of forests:

Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests: Sal, Palas, Amaltas, Bel, fig etc. Neem, Peepal, Sheesham, Mango, Jamun, Babool, Imli (Tamarind) etc

Tropical Thorny Forests:  Thorny trees, mainly, Babool, Thorny, legumes and Euphorias.

Other Common Plants:  Rhododendrons, betula, silver fir, spruce, deodar, chir, oak, sal, gigantic haldu, dhak, teak, mahua, salai, sisso, chironji and tendu.

Medicinal Herbs: Rauwolfia Sarpagandha, Viala serpens, Podophyllum, hexandrum and aephecra gerardiana.

• These plants are widely used in industries for various applications, for instance Bamboo is used predominantly in Paper industries, Babul is used to prepare the tanning material, Gutel and Semal are employed in matchwood industry, Kanju is a raw material for plywood industry.
• Uttar Pradesh is replete with Avifauna (birds). Terrestrial animals, amphibians and reptiles are also found in abundance here.

State Animal: Barasingha or Swamp Deer

• The antlers of these Stags are made up of 12 tines or sometimes upto 20 tines.

Largest Wildlife Reserve: Dudhwa National Park (500 sq km)

• It is situated in Lakhimpur Kheri district of Uttar Pradesh.
• It is the only place in U.P. where both Tigers and Rhinos can be spotted together.

Most Common Birds: Crow, pigeon, dove, jungle fowl, black partridge, house sparrow, peafowl, blue jay, parakeet, kite, myna, quail, bulbul, snipe, comb duck, grey duck, whistling teal, kingfisher and woodpecker.

Terrestrial Animals: Tiger, leopard, wild bear, sloth bear, elephant, gond, para, chinkara, sand grouse, musk deer, brown bear, chital, sambhar, jackal, porcupine, jungle cat, hare, squirrel, monitor, lizard and fox.

Reptiles: Bamania, Lizard, Cobra, Krait, Crocodile, Pit-viper, Goh, Tortoise and Dhaman.

Aquatic Animals-Fishes:  Mahaser, Saul, Parthan, Vittal, Mirgal, Labi, Cuchia, Einghi, Trout, Hilsa, Tengan, Rasela, Rohu, Kata, Mangur, Eel and Mirror Carp.

Endangered Species:  Lions of the Gangetic plain and rhinoceros of the terai region Black buck, musk deer, swamp deer, four horned antelope and mural pheasants.

Major Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks:  Dudhwa National Park (Tiger Reserve), Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandraprabha Wildlife Sanctuary, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Bird Wildlife Sanctuary, Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary, Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Lakh Bahosi Bird Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahavir Swami Wildlife Sanctuary, National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary, etc.

Following is a list of most prominent National Parks, and Bird Sanctuaries of U.P.:

A Brief glimpse at the vivid history of U.P.:

• Because of its strategic and prominent position in the Indo-Gangetic plains Uttar Pradesh remains the epicentre of the historical advances in India.
• The history of Uttar Pradesh is very much associated with the broad history of India. It dates back to 100000 years.
• Formerly the area of Uttar Pradesh was occupied by the Aryans or the Dasas and their main occupation was agriculture. The Aryans, through conquests occupied the adjoining areas too.
• Aryans laid the foundations of their civilisation in the region. It was during the Aryan inhabitation in the region that epics of Mahabharata, Ramayana, Brahmanas and Puranas were written.
• The state is the heart of Mahabharata war. The Kosala Kingdom of Ayodhya is said to have been incarnated in the city of Mathura .
• It was around the middle of the 1 st millennium BC that Uttar Pradesh saw the advent of Lord Buddha and the spread of Buddhism. Around the time Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon at Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath when Uttar Pradesh was under the Magadh rule . Here Chaukhandi Stupa marks the spot where Lord Buddha met his disciples.
• Besides Kuru, Panchalas, Vatsas  and Videhas etc. formed the early region of the state. These regions were known as Madhyadesa . During Ashoka`s reign, several public welfare works were taken up. During the rule of Magadha Empire, Buddhism and Jainism developed in this region. It was a period of administrative and economic advancement.
• Old Stone Age sites in U.P.: Siwalik hills.
• Archaeologists have been successful in making crucial prehistoric discoveries in the state of U.P.
• Following are the noteworthy finds belonging to prehistoric period:

Ancient and Mythological History

• The ancient significance of Uttar Pradesh is surmised through the epics written in the Vedic Period – Ramayana and Mahabharata .
• These two Epics chronicle the Gangetic plains of Vedic Era.
• According to Ramayana, Kosala kingdom whose capital was Ayodhya where Lord Ram reigned was situated in the present-day Uttar Pradesh.
• The birth of Lord Krishna (eighth incarnation of Lord Vishnu) in Mathura .
• Whole Mahabharata Saga is set in the Hastinapur region of Uttar Pradesh .
• The trails of Mahabharata War under King Yudhishthira culminated in the Kuru Mahajanapada .

Mahajanapada Era

• The Vedic Era gave way to the advent of Iron Age, beginning from 1000 BC.
• The Gangetic plains gained in their importance during this period and became a focal centre of power as 7 of the 16 empires strived to acquire hold of this region.
• Popular rulers of the region: Chandragupta, Ashoka, Samudragupta, ChandraGupta II, Harshavardhana
• Following are the several empires that occupied the region:

• Kannauj empire was one of the most prominent rulers of the Ganga-Yamuna Doab.
• It marked the revival of Hinduism .
• It rose to power after the defeat of Guptas at the hands of Huns. Harshavardhana helped the empire expand its reach to the regions of Punjab in the north, Gujarat in the west, Bengal in the east and Odisha in the south.
• Harshavardhana's demise marked the decline of Kannauj empire as Gurjara-Pratiharas took over the reigns of the region.
• Famous philosopher Shankara established the famous Badrinath Temple on his visit to Varanasi.
• Rashtrakutas also invaded the Kannauj kingdom from 8th to the 10th century.
• Delhi Sultanate ruled the present-day U.P. for a span of 300 years since 1200 AD.
• Uttar Pradesh saw the descent of 5 dynasties of Delhi Sultanate .
• Following are the Delhi Sultanate rulers who held the reigns of Uttar Pradesh:

Buddhist Era

• By the 2nd century BC Hinduism had gained foothold in U.P. which advocated ideas of Brahamanism .
• Around this period Buddha emerged onto the religious scene and by delivering his first sermon at Sarnath near Varanasi he initiated a revolutionary religion of Buddhism.
• Buddhism spread its canopy to faraway places like China and Japan.
• Kushinagara is accredited as the place where Buddha attained Nirvana .
• Buddhism got a strong impetus under the rule of Ashoka and saw greatest development in the 6th BC under the reign of Gupta empire.

Medieval history/Muslim Reign

• Babur, a descendant of Timur and Gengis khan invaded Delhi, defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and founded the Mughal empire that stretched from Afghanistan to Bangladesh, with its power centralised in Uttar Pradesh.
• Mughals were of central Asian Turk descent.
• Mughal King Humayan was defeated by Sher Shah Suri of Suri dynasty, and thus the control of Uttar Pradesh was renounced to the Suri dynasty.
• Sher Shah Suri and Islam Shah Suri ruled from Gwalior as their capital.
• The death of Islam Shah Suri paved way for Hemu, who was known as Hemchandra Vikramaditya, to rule over Delhi.
• In the second battle of Panipat, most prominent king of Mughal dynasty-Akbar seized power from Hemu and made Fatehpur Sikri, near Agra his capital.
• Akbar’s reign is regarded as the reign of cultural, and art development .
• Fall of the Mughal empire, led to the rules of Marathas and Rohillas as well as their mutual rivalry that ended with the second Anglo-Indian war as Marathas lost most of their reign to the British Empire including Uttar Pradesh.
• Taj Mahal built by Shah Jahan is the greatest architectural achievement.
• Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri.
• Bhakti sect founded by Ramananda, a Brahmana.
• Kabir preached unity for all religions.

Modern history and British Rule:

• The East India Company wrested the powers from various empires and united them under the Bengal Presidency during the early 18th century. It included the provinces of the nawabs, the Scindias of Gwalior, and the Gurkhas of Nepal.
• In 1834 the northern territories were chucked off from Bengal Presidency to form Presidency of Agra, which was later rechristened as North Western Provinces . Its capital switched between Agra and Allahabad .
• 1857 saw the first revolution by Indian rebels, which came to be known as ‘Sepoy Mutiny’ . Meerut was the fulcrum of this rebellion, started by Mangal Pandey.
• As a result of this failed rebellion a redivision of territories took place. Delhi got shifted to the Punjab province, Ajmer-Marwar region was incorporated into Rajputana and the kingdom of Oudh wrested earlier was incorporated in the NWP of Agra, thus it was again renamed as United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in 1902.
• In 1902 the capital was shifted from Allahabad to Lucknow and in 1938 the name was shortened as United Provinces and ultimately in 1950 it was given its present name- 'Uttar Pradesh' .
• Prominent national leaders: Motilal Nehru, Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Motilal’s son Jawaharlal Nehru, and Purushottam Das Tandon.
• Prominent educational institutions established in the British Era: Benaras Hindu University, Aligarh Muslim University and the Darul Uloom Deoband.
• Prominent movements: The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was formed at the Lucknow session of the Congress on 11 April 1936, Ballia district established independent administration under Chittu Pandey during the Quit India movement (Baghi Ballia), became a centre of Muslim League politics, Gandhi's Non-Cooperation movement gained momentum in U.P.
• Development works undertaken during this period:  canals, railways, and other means of communication.

U.P. in post-Independence years:

• Owing to its historical importance, U.P. has always maintained a constant influential presence in Indian subcontinent.
• Since independence political happenings in the state have received quite a popular handling,as the power keeps shifting in the hands of BJP, SP and BSP .
• Post independence, after a two decade long rule of Indian National Congress came to an end Bhartiya Janta Dal bagged the governance of U.P. under the leadership of Ram Manohar Lohiya .
• The BKD government came down after the imposition of president rule in 1969 .
• Following the emergency of 1975, INC lost its support base in Uttar Pradesh and Janata Party came in the rule for the first time in 1977.
• Since then except for two terms in 1980 and 1985 INC has never been able to form a government in the state.
• BJP came into power in 1991 and formed subsequent governments independently and in coalition.
• But due to large scale controversies sprouting out of Ram mandir issue BJP also lost its support base in the state of U.P., paving way for SP and BSP to remain in power until recently when in 2017 BJP again surged to power with Yogi Adityanath as its Chief ministerial candidate.
• U.P. has provided us with several personalities of import in every field.
• Prime ministers from the state: Jawaharlal Nehru; Nehru’s daughter, Indira Gandhi; and Atal Bihari Vajpayee of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• Political leaders:  Acharya Narendra Dev, one of the founders of the Praja Socialist Party, and Mulayam Singh Yadav, the founder and longtime leader of the Samajwadi (Socialist) Party (SP).
• Key events: Formation of Uttarakhand in 2000 due to discontent among people living in the Himalayan regions regarding the poor and ineffective governance, 1992 Babri Masjid-Ram mandir dispute of Ayodhya.
• Babri Masjid-Ram Mandir Dispute: A 3-Judge Bench was setup in the Allahabad High Court in 2002 to look into the matter of Babri-Masjid demolition case. In the year 1992 a group going by the name of Karsewaks took it upon themselves to demolish the Babri Masjid situated in Ayodhya, alleging that it was built on the land which supported a Ram Temple before.The hearing in this case was was done and High Court decided to allot 2.75 Acre land to erect a Ram Mandir to two groups, Nirmohi Akhara and Ram Lalla, and to allocate the remaining land to Sunni Waqf board. Senior leaders like Uma Bharati, Lal Krishna Advani, and Murli Manohar Joshi have been charged of having a hand in the demolition, but they pleaded not guilty. Both Hindus and Muslims are at an impasse in the case and this is leading to communal tensions.

Economic Zones: Western region, Central Region, Eastern region and Bundelkhand

Major Sector in the state: Agriculture

Other sectors of income:

• Service sector, Industrial & manufacturing sector
• Tourism, computer hardware and software, information technology products and handicraft are other major contributors to the state’s economy.
• U.P. is the second largest economy in India after Maharashtra.

Agriculture

The economy of Uttar Pradesh entirely depends on agriculture. Several important steps like extension of irrigation facilities, Arrangement for timely supply of fertilizers, pesticides and high yielding seeds promoting high yielding varieties of use of seeds and continuous consultancy services of expects on agricultural matters have been taken.

Principal crops: Rice, wheat, sugarcane

Other crops: Wheat, rice, maize, millet, and pulses, such as beans, peas, oilseeds, potatoes, lentils

Principal Fruits: Mango, Guava

Food Grain Production (2016-2017): 47,773.4 thousand tonnes

• U.P. is the largest producer of food grains and vegetables in India.

Share in total food grain output 2016-2017: 17.83%

Net sowing area: 16564 hectare

Production (In thousand metric ton)

Crop Loan: A provision of Rs. 200 crore has been made to provide short term crop loan to farmer @3% interest.

• In 2016-17, a provision of Rs. 1574 crore for new schemes of irrigation and Rs. 745 crore for flood control has been made.

The percentage distribution of net irrigated areas through different sources:

The state has diversified and naturally developed industrial activities.

Key Industries:  Information technology, agro processing, tourism, mineral-based industries, textiles, handloom and handicrafts, food processing and sports goods,vegetable and animal oils and fats, dairy products, grain mill products, animal feed, carpets and rugs.

Industrial spectrum: Cement, Vegetable Oil, Textiles, Cotton Yarn, Sugar, ,Jute, Locks, Carpet, Brassware, Glassware, Bangles, Marble, Inlay, Food products & beverages, Tobacco, chemicals & chemical products, metal, rubber and plastic products, metal fabrication work including motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, communication equipment, transport equipment, electrical machinery and apparatus, furniture, non-metallic mineral products, publishing, printing and media, paper and paper products, glassware and leather related products.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) equity (2000 to 2017): US$ 652 million

Milk Production: 27.77 million tonnes

Share in total milk produced in India: 16.83%

• U.P. is considered one of the major milk producing state in India.

IT and ITes sector: Software, captive business process outsourcing (BPO), electronics, semiconductor industry.

• U.P. is a fastly emerging IT hub.

Services exhibiting massive growth: Telecommunication, banking, insurance, logistics, transport, health and education

Products exported by the state:  Software, electronics, computer hardware, chemicals, stone products, brass work, betel leaves, potato based products, hand printing, leather items, cotton yarn, sarees, silk dress material, black pottery, handicraft items, art products, jewellery.

Major factors driving industrial Growth in U.P.:

• Availability of natural resources and raw material
• Access to robust infrastructure
• Extensive commutation networks
• Availability of skilled labour
• Provision of large scale investments and incentives offered by the state

Minerals and Heavy Industries

Minerals found in Uttar Pradesh: Limestone, Dolomite, Glass-sand, Marble, Bauxite, Non-plastic Fireclay, Uranium, Barytes & Andalusite, Sand-stone, Pebbles, Reh, Salt punter, Maurang sand, Diaspore, Sulphur, Magnesite, Pyrophyllite, Silica sand.

• In the early days Copper, Lead, Iron ore and Placer Gold have been mined on a small scale in parts of Himalayas, Bundelkhand and South-Eastern districts.
• In addition Vindhyan Sand Stone as building and Mill Stone were also mined in the districts of Agra, Allahabad and Mirzapur.
• Prior to 1900, the Copper ores were mined on a small scale in erstwhile Garhwal, however, the development of Modern Technology and decline in the prices also lead to the decline of small scale Mining.
• Mining activity during 1920 and 1930 further declined due to various reasons.
• The Geologists have been examining the ground for search of both Industrial and Metallic Mineral deposits which could be developed in relation to present day Technology and Economics.

POWER GENERATION

Installed power generation capacity: 24,917 megawatt (MW)(April 2018)

• As Uttar Pradesh harbours one of the most beautiful wonders of the world-Taj Mahal, that’s why it’s the recipient of a high number of tourist footfalls every year.
• Every year 2 million domestic and foreign tourists visit U.P. on an average.
• U.P. government has devised a new tourism policy to invite Rs5000 Cr worth of investments

Budget allocated for religious tourism (2018-19): Rs 1240 Cr

• U.P. is a renowned destination for religious tourism or pilgrimage.

Important Archaeological/Tourism Monuments and Sites:

CONSTITUTIONAL SETUP

• Under the Constitution of India, Uttar Pradesh has a Governor and a bicameral Legislature.
• The Lower House is called Vidhan Sahha having 404 members, out of which 403 are elected and 1 nominated and the Upper House, Vidhan Parishad having 100 members.
• The State has also a High Court at Allahabad with its bench at Lucknow.
• The executive power of the State is vested in the Governor as it is exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him according to the constitutional provisions.

Council of Ministers

• All the executive business of the State is carried on in the name of the Governor.
• The Chief Minister has to inform the Governor about all the decisions taken by the Council of Ministers in regard to administration as also require the Council of Ministers to reconsider any matter on which a unilateral decision has been taken by a minister.
• The Governor has been made a component part of the Legislature under Article 168 of the Constitution and has been assigned certain functions. He summons both or either of the Houses of Legislature and also prorogues them.
• He is also empowered to suspend or dissolve the Vidhan Sabha.

Vidhan Sabha

• The Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha has a total of 404 members including one Anglo-Indian member who is norminated by the Governor.
• According to the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission, which is appointed after every Census, the State had been divided into 403 Vidhan Sabha Constituencies.
• The Term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. The election for it is held on the principle of 'one adult one vote'
• The Language of the House is Hindi in Devanagri script.

House Committees

• Uttar Pradesh is the first State to accept the Principle that the Chairman of Public Accounts Committee should be from the Opposition. The State has been following this convention since 1948, While it was adopted by the Lok Sabha only after 1967.
• Uttar Pradesh has also the distinction of setting up of a Parliamentary Studies Committee a few years ago to study parliamentary affairs and give its suggestions. The committee has done important work regarding privileges of members, ordinance-issuing power of the Governor, inclusion of Vidhan Parishad members in financial and other committees and working of the committee itself.
• Another committee was set up to oversee the welfare of Scheduled Castes/Tribes and Denotified Tribes. In addition, there are 27 Standing Committees to advise the ministers.

Vidhan Parishad

• The State has a bi-cameral Legislature since 1937.
• The Upper House or the Vidhan Parishad is a permanent House.
• Members are elected or nominated for six years and one-sixth of them retire every second year.
• It has 108 members, 12 of whom are nominated by the Governor.Thirty-nine members are elected each by the Vidhan Sabha and Local bodies and nine each by the teachers and graduates.

The Secretariat

• Most departments of the Secretariat have heads of departments and heads of offices under their administrative control, who function as the executive authorities of the Government.
• All the government orders are issued in the name of the Governor but are signed by the Secretary or officers under him down to the rank of Under Secretary.
• The work of Government is conducted in Hindi, in Devanagri script. T
• The Principal Secretaries, Secretaries, Special Secretaries, Joint Secretaries, Deputy Secretaries and Under-Secretaries are appointed either from the Central or State Administrative Services.
• The work of the Secretariat can be divided broadly into the following categories:- (i) Personnel Administration (ii) Financial Administration (iii) Judicial and Legislative Affairs (iv) Law and Order (v) Levy and Collection of Taxes (vi) Economic Development and Conservation of Sources of State's Wealth (viii) Social Services (viii) Public Utility Services (ix) General Administration.

District and Divisional Administration

• After the Secretariat and Heads of Departments, the Divisional Commissioner occupies an important place.
• He is fully responsible for law and order, revenue, administration and other matters pertaining to his division. He has to exercise supervision over the district officers, local bodies and planning and development works.
• Each division consists of certain districts. Each district is under the admistrative charge of a district officer who is also called the District Magistrate or Deputy Commissioner. The District Officer is fully responsible for the law and order in his district and has extensive administrative, police and revenue powers.

The Judiciary

• The High Court is the apex court in the State in respect of civil and criminal cases.
• The Board of Revenue is the highest court in respect of revenue cases.
• Under Article 277 of the Constitution, the High Court has been given the power of superintendence over all others courts and tribunals.
• The High Court is a Court of records which means that its work and proceedings serve as perpetual evidence. Its records are of such high authority that their content cannot be challenged in any lower court.
• As a court of record, it has also the power to punish persons guilty of its contempt.
• The Chief Justice of the High Court is appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India and the Governor of the State.
• Other Judges are appointed by him on the advice of the Chief Justice.

Folk Dances

Major Dance forms of the state:  1. Swang, 2. Charkula Dance, 3. Raslila, 4. Nautanki, 5. Ahir Dance.

• Uttar Pradesh is the place where Kathak, one of the six foremost classical dances of India, flourished. The word Katha, from which the name is derived, means story. It originated in northern India, during the 7th century A.D. Kathak has very intricate and complex movements of hands and feet along with facial expressions.
• The footwork is accompanied by the music of various percussion instruments such as tabla and pakhawaj, which are native to north India.
• Other dance forms of Uttar Pradesh are largely folk traditions expressed in theatrical forms, such as:-
• Ramlila is one such art form dealing with the life of Lord Rama and includes dance and theatre performance.
• Braj Raslila is associated with the life of the lover-God, Lord Krishna.
• Charkula is another folk dance of the state. The dance of Charkula involves a female dancer balancing a column of lighted deepaks over her head while dancing.
• Rasiya describes the love of Radha and Shri Krishna. Charkula and Rasiya are native arts of the Braj region of the state.
• Uttar Pradesh had been the land of the great sages and hermits and the singing of ancient hymns and mantras laid the basic tradition of music, which has blossomed into a musical tradition. The medieval age saw the emergence of two distinct strands of music. One was the court music that found patronage in the Courts like Agra, Fatehpur-Sikri, Lucknow, Jaunpur, Varanasi, Ayodhya, Banda and Datiya. The second was the religious tradition emerging from the Bhakti Cult rooted and flowered in centres like Mathura, Vrindavan and Ayodhya. Rulers and musicians from Uttar Pradesh contributed to the prosperity of Hindustani music.
• Artistes of the stature of the shehnai maestro Ustad Bismillah Khan, Kathak wizard Birju Maharaj, tabla maestro Kishan Maharaj, the legendary Baba Allauddin Khan and his disciples Pt. Ravi Shankar and Ustad Vilayat Khan; ghazal singers Begum Akhtar, Rasoolan Bai, Girija Devi and many more have lived and practised their art here.

Prominent tribes in the state: 1. Agariya, 2. Aheria, 3. Baiga Tribe, 4. Bind Tribe, 5. Patari.

• Agariya Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: One of the Scheduled Tribes of Uttar Pradesh is the Agariya people. During the years of the British rule, the ones who lived in and around Mirzapur were involved in the mining of iron.
• Aheria Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: An ethnic community of people in India, Aheria is mainly found in the state of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. Before the 1920s, they were mainly hunters but later on they became farmers.
• Baiga Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: Commonly found in Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, the Baiga tribe also has some sub castes like Nahar, Bijhwar, Narotia, Kadh Bhaina, Rai Bhaina, Bharotia etc.
• This tribe practices 'shifting cultivation' in the forest. As they never plough the same patch of earth again and again, they lead a semi-nomadic life. Baiga have tattooing as an integral part of their lifestyle. They are the successors of the Dravidians.
• Beldar Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: A part of the Scheduled Castes, Beldar are originally from Uttar Pradesh. The Kewat community is claimed to be their ancestors and have a history of moving from one place to another.
• Bind Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: The Bind tribe is found in Uttar Pradesh and belongs to the Other Backward Caste. This community claims that they belong to the Simha community and are different from the other castes including the Bin in Bihar. They have originated from the Vindhya Hills located in the central part of India. Buksa Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: Living mainly in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, the Buksa people are indigenous people who have been granted the status of the Scheduled Tribes.
• Chero Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: Found in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in the North India, the Chero is a scheduled caste, a community that claims to have been originally the Chandravanshi Rajputs. They belong to one of the tribal communities that are resident of the southeastern parts of Uttar Pradesh like the Kol and Bhar. They ruled northern parts of Bihar until the Rajputs disposed them off. Now, they can be found in the areas that extend from Muzaffarpur to Allahabad. They are sub-divided into Chaudhary and Mahto.
• Ghasia Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: The Ghasia are one of the many tribal communities from Sonbhadra and Mirzapur in the southern parts of Uttar Pradesh. According to their claims, at some point of time, they were the rulers but since they lost their rulings, they started cultivation.
• Kol Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: Mainly found in the Allahabad, Varanasi, Banda and Mirzapur districts, the Kol is the largest tribe in Uttar Pradesh. As stated in the history, this community migrated from the central parts of India almost 5 centuries ago. They are one of the Scheduled Castes available in UP.
• Korwa Tribe of Uttar Pradesh: The Korwas, a Scheduled Tribe found in the Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh is economically and socially poor community. They are isolated tribes and most of them are hunter gatherers.
• Festivals of almost all the religions are celebrated in U.P.
• Various communities celebrate as many as 40 festivals with gaiety and complete communal harmony.
• Sheetla Ashtami, Raksha Bandhan, Vaishakhi Purnima, Ganga Dashahara, Naag Panchami, Krishna Janmashtami, Ram Navami, Ganesha Chaturthi, Vijaya Dashmi, Deepawali, Kartik Purnima, Makar Sankranti, Vasant Panchami, Shivaratri and Holi are the main festivals of the Hindus.
• Eid, Muharram, Bakrid, Barawafat and Shab-e-Barat are the major Muslim festivals.
• New Year's Day, Good-Friday, Easter and Christmas are the prominent festivals of the Christians.
• Buddha Purnima for Buddhists, Mahavir Jayanti for Jains, the birthday of Guru Nanak, Martyr's day of Guru Teg Bahadur and Vaishakhi are the famous festivals of the people of Sikh faith.
• About 2,250 fairs are held every year in Uttar Pradesh.
• The largest number of fairs are held in Mathura (86), followed by Kanpur and Hamirpur (79), Jhansi (78), Agra (72), and Fatehpur (70).
• More than 2,230 festivals are held annually.
• Some are organized at several places simultaneously while others have only local importance. Festivals and feasts are linked with the golden harvest - the sensuous spring, the reverence for mythology, religion or in honor of the past great men.
• These are zestfully celebrated with song, dance, and merriment; others with solemnity, fervor, fast, or feast. These fairs and festivals help the people keep the culture vibrant and promote artistic activities.

Sobriquets/Special Titles bestowed on Cities

Painting & Rock Painting

• The tradition of painting in Uttar Pradesh has been going on since prehistoric times. The cave paintings of Sonbhadra and Chitrakoot depict scenes of hunting, war, festivals, dances, romantic life and animals . The golden period of painting in UP was the Mughal Era . The art of painting attained its peak during the reign of Jahangir. The Mughal style of painting remains one of the greatest achievements of Asian culture and is unique in its concept, presentation and style.
• The art of painting reached the epitome of perfection in the area of Bundelkhand when the King of Orchha reconstructed the temple of Keshav Dev in Mathura. The paintings of Mathura, Gokul, Vrindavan and Govardhan depict the scenes from the life of Lord Krishna. Another major pre-modern painting tradition of UP is known as the Garhwal School which was patronized by the Kings of Garhwal.

Major Handicrafts:  Chikan work, Embroidery, Furniture, Clay toys, Carpet Weaving, Silk, Bangles, Brassware work.

• One of the important crafts of Uttar Pradesh is Chikankari, which entails delicate and traditional hand embroidery. This form of handicrafts is mainly practiced in Lucknow . It is done on fabrics like chiffon, muslin, organza, organdy and silk. Chikan saris and Kurtas which are the perfect summer wear .
• Zardozi embroidery is another unique art where the embroidery is done in three dimensions. Zari works of Varanasi are famous around the world.
• Pottery and exquisite metal ware products are also created on a large scale in Uttar Pradesh.
• Carpet weaving is also an important cultural expression of Uttar Pradesh. The state caters to 90 percent of the country's carpets. The carpet weaving centers primarily located in the state are around Mirzapur, Khamaria and Bhadohi.
• Uttar Pradesh is the largest Brass and Copper producing state in India. In domestic-ware each of the 'lotas' (small water-pots) is known by the name of its origin, like Etawah, Banaras, Sitapur, etc. The ritual articles are largely in copper. Moradabad in U.P. is famous for its art metalwork and known for its coloured enamelling and intricate engravings.
• Glazed pottery with white background and blue and green patterns is developed in Khurja, Chunar and Rampur in Uttar Pradesh. U.P. produces some of the finest Chunar black clay pottery. This is inlaid with silver paint in intricate designs. The art that is practiced in Nizamabad, has high gloss and lustre derived from a powder called kabiz made from the mud of rice fields. Khurja is also well known for its cheap and tough tableware.
• Gorakhpur has villages where clay figures of animals are created and is famous for its ornately decorated terracotta horse too. The potter creates the basic form by placing separate pieces of mud on the wheel and then carving them.
• Lucknow is well known for its jewellery and enamel work . Exquisite silverware with patterns of hunting scenes, snakes and roses are very popular. The Bidri and Zarbuland silver works of Lucknow have fine embroidery on excellent pieces of huqqa farshi, jewel boxes, trays, bowls, cufflinks, cigarette holders, etc. Renowned ivory and bone carvings with motifs of flowers, leaves, creepers, trees, birds and animals are widely produced in Lucknow. The master craftsmen create intricate items like knives, lampshades, shirt pins and small toys.
• 'Attars' or perfumes are also produced in Lucknow since 19 th century. The Lucknow perfumers experimented and succeeded in making attar with delicate and lasting fragrances those are made from various aromatic herbs, spices, sandal oil, musk, essence of flowers, and leaves. The famous Lucknow fragrances used in perfumes are khus, keora, chameli, zafran and agar.

Farming is the primary occupation of three-quarters of the working population. The soils are fertile and there is good rainfall in nearly all the regions. Irrigation facilities bring water to about one-third of the cropped area. , are the major food crops. Uttar Pradesh is one of the country's major producers of sugarcane. Cotton, oilseeds, jute, potatoes, and tobacco are other important cash crops.Many peasants have farms that are too small for efficient agriculture. The main problem is the pressure of population on land sources.As a part of national and state projects for sericulture (the production of silk fibre), large-scale planting of mulberry trees is under way across the state. Mulberry trees provide food for the caterpillars of the silkworm moth.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN UP

HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT UTTAR PRADESH

• The history of Uttar Pradesh is recognised in the later Vedic Age as Brahmarshi Desh or Madhya Desha. Many great sages of the Vedic times like Bhardwaja, Gautam, Yagyavalkya, Vashishtha, Vishwamitra and Valmiki flourished in this state. Several sacred books of the Aryans were also composed here. Two great epics of India, Ramayana and Mahabharata, appear to have been inspired by Uttar Pradesh. In the Sixth Century BC Uttar Pradesh was associated with two new religions- Jainism and Buddhism. It was at Sarnath that Buddha preached his first sermon and laid the foundations of his order. Several centres in Uttar Pradesh like Ayodhya, Prayag, Varanasi and Mathura became reputed centres of learning.
• In the medieval period Uttar Pradesh passed under Muslim rule Mughal emperors Babur and Humayun ruled from Agra. In 1540 an Afghan, Sher Shah Suri, took over the reins of Uttar Pradesh after defeating the Mughal king Humayun and led the way to new synthesis of Hindu and Islamic cultures. Ramananda and his Muslim disciple Kabir, Tulsidas, Surdas and many other intellectuals contributed to the growth of Hindi and other languages.
• During the British rule in India, there were certain pockets in Uttar Pradesh that were governed by the English equity and common law. In 1773, the Mughal Emperor transferred the districts of Banaras and Ghazipur to the East India Company. The East India Company acquired the area of modern day Uttar Pradesh over a period of time. The territories occupied from the nawabs, the Scindias of Gwalior and the Gurkhas were initially placed within the Bengal Presidency.

DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES RUNNING IN U.P.

List of schemes running in the state.

• Interest Waiver scheme for farmer loans from cooperative banks
• Old Age pension scheme-2018 & Widow pension scheme 2018
• One District One Product Scheme 2018
• UP Govt. Anti Corruption & Anti Graft Scheme
• Free Bus Ride Scheme in UP for BPL Families
• Free Education Scheme Upto Class 12th
• UP Ration Card Scheme
• Uttar Pradesh Berojgari Bhatta Yojana 2018
• Kisan Uday Yojana to Provide Pump Sets to Farmers
• Uttar Pradesh Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana – Saubhagya Scheme
• UP Draft Scheme for Fees Regulation of Private Schools
• Pandit Deendayal Gramodyog Rozgar Yojana
• NIDHI EIR Yojana in Uttar Pradesh for Engineering Students
• Mukhyamantri Free Laptop Scheme
• Mukhyamantri Annapurna Bhojnalay Scheme
• Ghaziabad Ab Hoga Aur Bhi Roshan
• Suryanetra Yojana-Employment via UPNEDA
• Worker’s Children Scheme
• Bhagya Laxmi Yojana
• Mukhyamantri Swarojgar Yojana
• UJALA Scheme
• UP Viklang Pension Scheme

Schemes Pertaining to Additional Energy Sources

• Solar Energy Policy
• Solar Rooftop Programme
• Programmes Under Grid Connection/State Solar Power Policy
• Solar City Program

Schemes for Farmers

• Grants on Certified Seeds Schemes
• Pest Control/Disease Control Through Different Situation Resources Schemes
• Scheme for Promoting The Use of Hybrid Seeds Scheme
• Use of Information Technology for The Development of Agriculture Schemes
• Trained Agricultural Entrepreneurs Self Help Plan Schemes
• Krashi Bhumi Sanrakshan Scheme

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

• U.P. is home to world’s largest number of poors.
• 75% Rural households dependent on Agriculture for their livelihood.
• Lower castes and women form a big part of the population living below poverty line.
• Generation of opportunities
• Making the poor aware and conscious of opportunities
• Protecting the poor and vulnerable
• Region with high impoverishment: Urban Southern Region (SR), rural Eastern Region (ER), and in both rural and urban areas of Central Region

High Infant Mortality Rate & Poor Children Health

Infant Mortality Rate (2015-16): 64 per thousand live births

• U.P.’s infant mortality rate is very high in comparison to Infant mortality rate in India, which stood at 41 per thousand live birth in 2015-16.

Severity of Situation:

• 46.3% children have stunted growth(low height for age)
• 17.9% children come under wasted category(low weight for height)
• 40% children are underweight

Reasons for such a high mortality Rate:

• Unavailability of specialist doctors.
• Lack of Adequate nursing staff
• Lowest health workers share in India (19.9%)

Lack of Quality Education and Unfulfilled Educational Goals

Issues:  poor learning outcomes, low enrolment in secondary classes, high absenteeism

• Young children are not able to read or write. In fact many cannot recognize letters & digits.
• Despite high enrolment in primary classes, the state of education is not enviable in the state.

High Levels of Unemployment

Unemployment in U.P.: 58 per thousand VS Unemployment in India: 37 per thousand

Unemployment in Youth (18 to 29 Age group):  148 per 1000

People migrating for jobs to other states (B/w 2001 & 2011): 5.8 million

• Low skill levels
• Low educational attainment
• Lack of jobs

Steps taken: Government has promised creation of 7 million jobs and Rs 1000 Cr investment in startups in coming 5 years.

Access to Electricity

• Power Cuts and non-electrification are a grievous issue in the state.

Unelectrified Rural households: 51.8%

• This condition prevails in U.P. despite having third largest installed coal capacity in India.
• Red Tape within distribution companies

Sedate Industrial Growth

• Industrial growth is among the lowest five states in U.P.
• A lot of units of traditional industries have also shut down in past years.
• Stands on 20 th position amongst 21 states on State Investment potential scale.
• Cause: Shortage of electricity and vocationally trained people.

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Essay on Allahabad | Allahabad Essay for Students and Children in English

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Allahabad: Allahabad, currently known as Prayagraj, is the most famous city of Uttar Pradesh. Located and known as a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, it has a long list of historical and devotional places that are getting recognition worldwide. Allahabad is famous for its rich heritage and diverse culture and not forgets these religious sites where devotees always in a calendar year do various rites and funeral or cremation for peace of the soul.

The place is highly regarded as the predominant historical heritages and history of many great emperors who fought courageously for pride at stake. Historically Allahabad engages a lot of people who have a fond liking or interest in Indian history and its remarkable transition.

You can also find more  Essay Writing  articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.

Long and Short Essays on Allahabad for Students and Kids in English

We are providing long and short essay samples to students and remind them the long essays should be 500 words and short one will be 150 words on the topic of the essay on Allahabad.

Long Essay on Allahabad 500 Words in English

Long Essay on Allahabad is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Allahabad is reckoned to be a place where it is a must-know place for all people and travellers who unheard or unknown about Allahabad. Once you enter into the region or territories of Uttar Pradesh, you will witness many historical sites you might hear in stories and articles. Allahabad fort, civic administration, and growth of various sectors, especially rural development and law and order, have been some of the most developed areas for improving a state like Uttar Pradesh.

Continuously being a subject of discussion, people here are very humble and helpful and greet people with love and affection. It is the primary development sector, and Allahabad remains a productive and highly place for open up numerous educational institutes, colleges, and lately students allowed to study in this pandemic situation and have been raised their skills and abilities to demonstrate most tougher and challenging aspects of education.

The Uttar Pradesh government, under the leadership of honourable chief minister Yogi Adityanath, has currently done impressive work and determined to help a state like Uttar Pradesh and become a global recognition state. Yogi also urges the fact about infrastructure and urban, rural development to come higher ranks in all departments of growth and rapid fast acceleration.

The chief minister wants to improve the development and educational progress at the state level to produce more bright and talented students who will help their state find a top level of education and develop a pool of qualified professionals in the future. Bringing the necessary changes in the development sector proves useful, and that happens to Allahabad under the guidance and leadership of Yogi Adityanath.

There is a lot of talk about how a state like Uttar Pradesh gradually advancing to higher sophisticated growth and kept the entrepreneurs or investors interested in opening up various IT companies. Top IT giants are shown enough interest in formulating and creating significant jobs. Thanks, possibly because of state government and local MLA Corporation improved mutual talks.

People of Allahabad mostly speak Hindi. They are living a lifestyle that has been getting better day by day. At present, Allahabad considers being the fastest emerging city where population and employment progress steadily, and a competitive job environment does help to find the right people suited for the right job designation.

Apart from culture, rituals, and festivals, people here celebrate many festivals with Navaratri and other highly reputed festivals in a calendar year. People here engaged in many jobs that cater to businesses and contribute a large portion of the money to their children’s educational growth and development.

Allahabad is the most populous and historically suborns place for devotional programs and places like Gaya, Kashi, where cremations are done with real intent and rest of the peace. The place Allahabad reminds about ancient history and diverse cultures, which one can quickly found out once they visit and explore memorable sights indeed.

Short Essay on Allahabad 150 Words in English

Short Essay on Allahabad is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Allahabad is the most spiritual and devotional place in Uttar Pradesh, with temples and devotees always coming here in a year to blessed by elders monk, and rituals are performed according to Hindu law. Allahabad encourages and excites many people and travellers who wish to come and want to part of this remarkable place. The most extensive dominant parts of the north India region and well connected to metros and local transport runs various services, buses and autos are also readily available.

You can now access more Essay Writing on this topic and many more.

Once you plan a trip to Allahabad, you will get to explore the best places that help you to discover new cultures, the tradition of Indian rituals, and top of it, see the fantastic people welcome you to come to this recommended place. There are remarkable growths in all sectors in Allahabad as most real estate and development are working effortlessly to improve the development progress with the help of the Uttar Pradesh government and private companies.

10 Lines on Allahabad Essay in English

1. Allahabad is famous for its diversity and quality of living. The cost of living here is reasonable and manageable. 2. It has some beautiful sights which anyone can love to explore. 3. Being a major part of Uttar Pradesh state, Allahabad boosts the tourism development with more people engagement, only help the progress of this state. 4. Urban development matched up with new horizons of development progressed fast and improved the standard of living. 5. Allahabad stands among the top developed cities in India, with every base are covered remarkably. 6. People here are always cheering up and enjoy the moments of happiness. 7. People here are never showed any rude behaviour to anyone and cooperated whenever anyone seeks help. 8. at present, Allahabad is an integral part of Uttar Pradesh state overhaul progress and development. 9. There are a lot of finances are coming upon to run special services and become more and more connected to the people of Uttar Pradesh. 10. Allahabad becomes the top destination with the cost of living, and affordability all is manageable.

FAQ’s on Allahabad Essay

Question 1. What are the USP of Allahabad?

Answer: Allahabad is renowned for its larger life experience and sophisticated lifestyle.

Question 2. Why Allahabad keeps improving in comparison with the rest of the state?

Answer: Higher productivity, better infrastructure, and improve the cost of living are the main reasons for people from other states eager to find jobs and settle down well here.

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10 lines on Uttar Pradesh in English - Few lines on Uttar Pradesh in English

Today, we are sharing ten lines essay on Uttar Pradesh . This article can help the students who are looking for information about Uttar Pradesh in English . This essay is very simple and easy to remember. The level of this essay is moderate so any students can write on this topic. This article is generally useful for class 1, class 2, and class 3 .

10 lines on Uttar Pradesh in English

• Uttar Pradesh is a state of India.
• It is the most populous state of India.
• This state was established on 1st April 1937 at the time of the British.
• Initially, it was called the United Provinces of Agra and Awadh.
• After the independence, in 1950 it was renamed Uttar Pradesh.
• On 9th November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand was divided from this state.
• Uttar Pradesh is divided into a total of 75 districts.
• The capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow.
• Hindi is the predominantly spoken language in this state.
• Agra's famous Taj Mahal is located in Uttar Pradesh itself.

Children in school, are often asked to write 10 lines about Uttar Pradesh in English . We help the students to do their homework in an effective way. If you liked this article, then please comment below and tell us how you liked it. We use your comments to further improve our service. We hope you have got some learning on the above subject. You can also visit my YouTube channel that is https://www.youtube.com/synctechlearn. You can also follow us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/synctechlearn .

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